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Abou-Shanab AM, Gaser OA, Salah RA, El-Badri N. Application of the Human Amniotic Membrane as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 38036871 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches suffer significant side effects and lack of clear understanding of their molecular targets. Recent studies reported the anticancer effects, immunomodulatory properties, and antiangiogenic effects of the human amniotic membrane (hAM). hAM is a transparent protective membrane that surrounds the fetus. Preclinical studies showed pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative properties of hAM treatment on cancer cells. Herein, we present the latest findings of the application of the hAM in combating HCC tumorigenesis and the underlying molecular pathogenies and the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), P53, WNT/beta-catenin, and PI3K/AKT pathways. The emerging clinical applications of hAM in cancer therapy provide evidence for its diverse and unique features and suitability for the management of a wide range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola A Gaser
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Parihar A, Kumar A, Panda U, Khan R, Parihar DS, Khan R. Cryopreservation: A Comprehensive Overview, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200285. [PMID: 36755194 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most prevalent method of long-term cell preservation. Effective cell cryopreservation depends on freezing, adequate storage, and correct thawing techniques. Recent advances in cryopreservation techniques minimize the cellular damage which occurs while processing samples. This article focuses on the fundamentals of cryopreservation techniques and how they can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings. The article presents a brief description of each of the standard cryopreservation procedures, such as slow freezing and vitrification. Alongside that, the membrane permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotectants are briefly discussed, along with current advancements in the field of cryopreservation and variables influencing the cryopreservation process. The diminution of cryoinjury incurred by the cell via the resuscitation process will also be highlighted. In the end application of cryopreservation techniques in many fields, with a special emphasis on stem cell preservation techniques and current advancements presented. Furthermore, the challenges while implementing cryopreservation and the futuristic scope of the fields are illustrated herein. The content of this review sheds light on various ways to enhance the output of the cell preservation process and minimize cryoinjury while improving cell revival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Rukhsar Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | | | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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3
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Freitas-Ribeiro S, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Long-term and short-term preservation strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine products: state of the art and emerging trends. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac212. [PMID: 36714838 PMCID: PMC9802477 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever-growing need of human tissues and organs for transplantation. However, the availability of such tissues and organs is insufficient by a large margin, which is a huge medical and societal problem. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) represent potential solutions to this issue and have therefore been attracting increased interest from researchers and clinicians alike. But the successful large-scale clinical deployment of TERM products critically depends on the development of efficient preservation methodologies. The existing preservation approaches such as slow freezing, vitrification, dry state preservation, and hypothermic and normothermic storage all have issues that somehow limit the biomedical applications of TERM products. In this review, the principles and application of these approaches will be summarized, highlighting their advantages and limitations in the context of TERM products preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Freitas-Ribeiro
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
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4
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Cryopreservation of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Leal-Marin S, Kern T, Hofmann N, Pogozhykh O, Framme C, Börgel M, Figueiredo C, Glasmacher B, Gryshkov O. Human Amniotic Membrane: A review on tissue engineering, application, and storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1198-1215. [PMID: 33319484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been employed as scaffolding material in a wide range of tissue engineering applications, especially as a skin dressing and as a graft for corneal treatment, due to the structure of the extracellular matrix and excellent biological properties that enhance both wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review highlights recent work and current knowledge on the application of native hAM, and/or production of hAM-based tissue-engineered products to create scaffolds mimicking the structure of the native membrane to enhance the hAM performance. Moreover, an overview is presented on the available (cryo) preservation techniques for storage of native hAM and tissue-engineered products that are necessary to maintain biological functions such as angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antifibrotic and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leal-Marin
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Hofmann
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olena Pogozhykh
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
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Nath SC, Harper L, Rancourt DE. Cell-Based Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor: Thoughts for cGMP Compliance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:599674. [PMID: 33324625 PMCID: PMC7726241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.599674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is attracting much attention to treat incurable diseases. In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and other potential therapeutic cells. Various private- and government-funded organizations are investing in finding permanent cures for diseases that are difficult or expensive to treat over a lifespan, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, or diabetes, etc. Clinical-grade cell manufacturing requiring current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has therefore become an important issue to make safe and effective CBT products. Current cell production practices are adopted from conventional antibody or protein production in the pharmaceutical industry, wherein cells are used as a vector to produce the desired products. With CBT, however, the “cells are the final products” and sensitive to physico- chemical parameters and storage conditions anywhere between isolation and patient administration. In addition, the manufacturing of cellular products involves multi-stage processing, including cell isolation, genetic modification, PSC derivation, expansion, differentiation, purification, characterization, cryopreservation, etc. Posing a high risk of product contamination, these can be time- and cost- prohibitive due to maintenance of cGMP. The growing demand of CBT needs integrated manufacturing systems that can provide a more simple and cost-effective platform. Here, we discuss the current methods and limitations of CBT, based upon experience with biologics production. We review current cell manufacturing integration, automation and provide an overview of some important considerations and best cGMP practices. Finally, we propose how multi-stage cell processing can be integrated into a single bioreactor, in order to develop streamlined cGMP-compliant cell processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lane Harper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Lan DTP, Binh PT, Giang NTQ, Van Mao C, Chung DT, Van Diep N, Trung DM, Van Tran P. Isolation and Differentiation of Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells Into Keratinocytes. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720964381. [PMID: 33040596 PMCID: PMC7784561 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720964381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane is a highly abundant and readily available tissue that may be useful for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. The amniotic membrane stem cells can differentiate into multiple cell lineages; they have low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory functions. This research aims to examine the protocols for the isolation of human amniotic membrane stem cells, including their phenotypic characterization and in vitro potential for differentiation toward keratinocytes. Human placentas were obtained from selected cesarean-sectioned births. We isolated amniotic stem cells by trypsin and collagenase B digestion and centrifuged with Percoll. After monolayer expansion of adherent cells, the cells were characterized by immunocytology with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and differentiated into keratinocytes by treating the cells with insulin, hydrocortisone, BMP-4, and vitamin C. Protocol for isolation of stem cells from amniotic membrane has high efficiency. Differentiation markers of stem cells into keratinocytes, such as vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) 14, and CK19, were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction increase over time in culture. Stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane can differentiate into keratinocytes. It has opened the prospect of using stem cells to regenerate skin and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dam Thi Phuong Lan
- Department of Biochemistry, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,* Both the authors share the first authorship
| | - Pham Thai Binh
- National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,* Both the authors share the first authorship
| | | | - Can Van Mao
- Physiology Department, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thanh Chung
- Physiology Department, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nong Van Diep
- Department of Biochemistry, Backan Hospital, Backan, Vietnam
| | - Do Minh Trung
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Jeong YH, Kim U, Lee SG, Ryu B, Kim J, Igor A, Kim JS, Jung CR, Park JH, Kim CY. Vitrification for cryopreservation of 2D and 3D stem cells culture using high concentration of cryoprotective agents. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32843026 PMCID: PMC7449025 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitrification is the most promising technology for successful cryopreservation of living organisms without ice crystal formation. However, high concentrations (up to ~ 6-8 M) of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) used in stem cell induce osmotic and metabolic injuries. Moreover, the application of conventional slow-freezing methods to cultures of 3-D organoids of stem cells in various studies, is limited by their size. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the effect of high concentrations of CPAs including cytotoxicity and characterized human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) at single cell level. The cell viability, cellular damage, and apoptotic mechanisms as well as the proliferation capacity and multipotency of cells subjected to vitrification were similar to those in the slow-freezing group. Furthermore, we identified the possibility of vitrification of size-controlled 3-D spheroids for cryopreservation of organoid with high survivability. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate successful vitrification of both single cell and spheroid using high concentration of CPAs in vitro without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Soo Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea. .,Kriorus, Klimentovsky Per, 115184, Moscow, Russia.
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Kulikova B, Kovac M, Bauer M, Tomkova M, Olexikova L, Vasicek J, Balazi A, Makarevich AV, Chrenek P. Survivability of rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells post slow-freezing or vitrification. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:491-499. [PMID: 31005288 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of two distinct cryopreservation procedures - conventional slow-freezing and vitrification, on survivability and mesenchymal marker expression stability of rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAF-MSCs). Cells at passage 2 were slowly frozen, using 10% of dimethylsulfoxide, or vitrified, using 40% of ethylene glycol, 0.5 M sucrose and 18% Ficoll 70. After three months storage in liquid nitrogen, viability, chromosomal stability, ultrastructure, surface and intracellular marker expression and differentiation potential of cells were evaluated immediately post-thawing/warming and after additional culture for 48-72 h. Our results showed decreased (P ≤ 0.05) viability of cells post-thawing/warming. However, after additional culture, the viability was similar to those in fresh counterparts in both cryopreserved groups. Increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the population doubling time of vitrified cells was observed, while doubling time of slow-frozen cells remained similar to non-cryopreserved cells. No changes in karyotype (chromosomal numbers) were observed in frozen/vitrified AF-MSCs, and histological staining confirmed similar differentiation potential of fresh and frozen/vitrified cells. Analysis of mesenchymal marker expression by qPCR showed that both cryopreservation approaches significantly affected expression of CD73 and CD90 surface markers. These changes were not detected using flow cytometry. In summary, the conventional slow-freezing and vitrification are reliable and effective approaches for the cryopreservation of rabbit AF-MSCs. Nevertheless, our study confirmed affected expression of some mesenchymal markers following cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kulikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Kovac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Tomkova
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Vasicek
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Balazi
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexander V Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85 796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kusuma GD, Barabadi M, Tan JL, Morton DAV, Frith JE, Lim R. To Protect and to Preserve: Novel Preservation Strategies for Extracellular Vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1199. [PMID: 30420804 PMCID: PMC6215815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based therapeutics are based on the premise that EVs shed by stem cells exert similar therapeutic effects and these have been proposed as an alternative to cell therapies. EV-mediated delivery is an effective and efficient system of cell-to-cell communication which can confer therapeutic benefits to their target cells. EVs have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration in various animal models such as, wound healing, cardiac ischemia, diabetes, lung fibrosis, kidney injury, and many others. Given the unique attributes of EVs, considerable thought must be given to the preservation, formulation and cold chain strategies in order to effectively translate exciting preclinical observations to clinical and commercial success. This review summarizes current understanding around EV preservation, challenges in maintaining EV quality, and also bioengineering advances aimed at enhancing the long-term stability of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Kusuma
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehri Barabadi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean L. Tan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Yu NH, Chun SY, Ha YS, Kim HT, Kim DH, Kim J, Chung JW, Lee JN, Song PH, Yoo ES, Kim BS, Kwon TG. Optimal Stem Cell Transporting Conditions to Maintain Cell Viability and Characteristics. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:639-647. [PMID: 30603585 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preservation of stem cell viability and characteristics during cell transport from the bench to patients can significantly affect the success of cell therapy. Factors such as suspending medium, time, temperature, cell density, and container type could be considered for transport conditions. METHODS To establish optimal conditions, human amniotic fluid stem cells' (AFSCs) viabilities were analyzed under different media {DMEM(H), DMEM/F-12, K-SFM, RPMI 1640, α-MEM, DMEM(L), PBS or saline}, temperature (4, 22 or 37 °C), cell density (1 × 107 cells were suspended in 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mL of medium) and container type (plastic syringe or glass bottle). After establishing the transport conditions, stem cell characteristics of AFSCs were compared to freshly prepared cells. RESULTS Cells transported in DMEM(H) showed relatively higher viability than other media. The optimized transport temperature was 4 °C, and available transport time was within 12 h. A lower cell density was associated with a better survival rate, and a syringe was selected as a transport container because of its clinical convenience. In compare of stem cell characteristics, the transported cells with established conditions showed similar potency as the freshly prepared cells. CONCLUSION Our findings can provide a foundation to optimization of conditions for stem cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hee Yu
- 1Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- 1Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- 5Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Korea
| | - Jeongshik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital, 480 Munsu-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44667 Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Phil Hyun Song
- 7Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yoo
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
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12
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Higaki S, Todo T, Teshima R, Tooyama I, Fujioka Y, Sakai N, Takada T. Cryopreservation of male and female gonial cells by vitrification in the critically endangered cyprinid honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:503-513. [PMID: 29192358 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of cryopreservation of spermatogonia and oogonia in the critically endangered cyprinid honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens using slow-cooling (freezing) and rapid-cooling (vitrification) methods. Initially, we examined the testicular cell toxicities and glass-forming properties of the five cryoprotectants: ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), and 1,3-butylene glycol (BG), and we determined cryoprotectant concentrations that are suitable for freezing and vitrification solutions, respectively. Subsequently, we prepared the freezing solutions of EG, GC, DMSO, PG, and BG at 3, 2, 3, 2, and 2 M and vitrification solutions at 7, 6, 5, 5, and 4 M, respectively. Following the cryopreservation of the testicular cells mainly containing early-stage spermatogenic cells (e.g., spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes), cells were cultured for 7 days and immunochemically stained against germ cell marker protein Vasa. Areas occupied by Vasa-positive cells indicated that vitrification led to better survival of germ cells than the freezing method, and the best result was obtained with 5 M PG, about 50% recovery of germ cells following vitrification. In the case of ovarian cells containing oogonia and stage I, II, and IIIa oocytes, vitrification with 5 M DMSO resulted the best survival of oogonia, with equivalent cell numbers to those cultured without vitrification. The present data suggest that male and female gonial cells of the endangered species G. caerulescens can be efficiently cryopreserved using suitable cryoprotectants for spermatogonia and oogonia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Higaki
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Nojihigashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takaaki Todo
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Nojihigashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Reiko Teshima
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Nojihigashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujioka
- Lake Biwa Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-0001, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Takada
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Nojihigashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Ghasemzadeh M, Hosseini E, Ahmadi M, Kamalizad M, Amirizadeh N. Comparable osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells derived from human amnion membrane and bone marrow. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:729-739. [PMID: 29305674 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, substantial attentions have been attracted to the application of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) in different therapeutic approaches. Although human bone marrow is commonly considered as a major source for MSCs, having an invasive collection method, ethical consideration and donor availability create a challenge for scientists, leading them to explore better alternative sources for MSCs. The study presented here aimed to characterize and compare osteogenic capacity of MSCs obtained from the amnion membrane (AM) with those originated from BM. Cells isolated from AMs and BMs were cultured in DMEM-low glucose supplemented with FBS, penicillin and streptomycin. After 24 h of incubation, cells adhered to the plastic surface of the flasks were allowed to proliferate for more days. A sub-confluent culture of cells was trypsinized and re-cultured. The MSCs were characterized by the expression of specific markers with flow cytometry. The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was also validated by alkaline phosphatase and alizarian red S staining. Our results showed comparable expression of MSCs specific markers for both MSC sources (AM and BM). We also showed the optimum osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from both sources whereas hAM-MSCs revealed higher proliferation rate. We found no essential immunophenotypic differences between MSCs originated from bone marrow and amnion membrane while their differentiations into osteoblastic linage were also comparable. This was in addition to the higher proliferation rate observed for hAM-MSCs which suggests hAM as an easily accessible and reliable source of MSCs applicable for bone engineering, regenerative medicine or other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran.
| | - Mohammadhossein Ahmadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Maedeh Kamalizad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
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14
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Vitrification of Rhesus Macaque Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Effects on Global Gene Expression. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3893691. [PMID: 29204157 PMCID: PMC5674518 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3893691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising adult stem cells for clinical application in a cell therapy. The development of large-scale cryopreservation techniques, such as vitrification, for MSCs is a prerequisite for clinical therapies. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) are two types of cryoprotectants widely used for cell vitrification. However, the effects of DMSO and EG on the biological characteristics and transcriptome profiles of MSCs after cryopreservation remain unknown. In the present study, the viability, immunophenotype of cell surface markers, proliferation, differentiation potency, and global gene expression of rhesus macaque bone marrow-derived MSCs vitrified using DMSO and EG were studied. The results showed that vitrification did not affect the morphology, surface markers, and differentiation of the MSCs, and compared to DMSO, EG better protected cell viability and proliferation. Most importantly, vitrification resulted in changes in a large number of transcripts of MSCs either preserved using DMSO or EG. This report is the first to examine the effects of DMSO and EG on global gene expression in stem cells. These results will be beneficial to understanding the biological process involved in MSC vitrification and will contribute to improving cryopreservation protocols that maintain transcriptomic identity with high cryosurvival for preclinical research and clinical long-term storage.
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15
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Key Issues Related to Cryopreservation and Storage of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Protecting Biological Integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:1-12. [PMID: 27837550 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation and biobanking of stem cells are becoming increasingly important as stem cell technology and application attract the interest of industry, academic research, healthcare and patient organisations. Stem cell are already being used in the treatment of some diseases and it is anticipated that stem cell therapy will play a central role in future medicine. Similarly, the discovery of both hematopoietic and solid tumor stem cells and their clinical relevance have profoundly altered paradigms for cancer research as the cancer stem cells are considered promising new targets against cancer. Consequently, long-term cryopreservation and banking of normal and malignant stem cells is crucial and will inevitably become a routine procedure that requires highly regulated and safe methods of specimen storage. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence showing contradictory results on the impact of cryopreservation and thawing of stem cells, including extensive physical and biological stresses, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial injuries, changes to basal respiration and ATP production, cellular structural damage, telomere shortening and cellular senescence, and DNA damage and oxidative stress. Notably, cell surface proteins that play a major role in stem cell fate and are used as the biomarkers of stem cells are more vulnerable to cold stress than other proteins. There are also data supporting the alteration in some biological features and genetic integrity at the molecular level of the post-thawed stem cells. This article reviews the current and future challenges of cryopreservation of stem cells and stresses the need for further rigorous research on the methodologies for freezing and utilizing cancer stem cells following long-term storage.
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Roh KH, Nerem RM, Roy K. Biomanufacturing of Therapeutic Cells: State of the Art, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 7:455-78. [PMID: 27276552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and other functionally defined therapeutic cells (e.g., T cells) are promising to bring hope of a permanent cure for diseases and disorders that currently cannot be cured by conventional drugs or biological molecules. This paradigm shift in modern medicine of using cells as novel therapeutics can be realized only if suitable manufacturing technologies for large-scale, cost-effective, reproducible production of high-quality cells can be developed. Here we review the state of the art in therapeutic cell manufacturing, including cell purification and isolation, activation and differentiation, genetic modification, expansion, packaging, and preservation. We identify current challenges and discuss opportunities to overcome them such that cell therapies become highly effective, safe, and predictively reproducible while at the same time becoming affordable and widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Roh
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert M Nerem
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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17
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Somal A, Bhat IA, B I, Singh AP, Panda BSK, Desingu PA, Pandey S, Bharti MK, Pal A, Saikumar G, Chandra V, Sharma GT. Impact of Cryopreservation on Caprine Fetal Adnexa Derived Stem Cells and Its Evaluation for Growth Kinetics, Phenotypic Characterization, and Wound Healing Potential in Xenogenic Rat Model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2186-2200. [PMID: 27966782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to know the impact of cryopreservation on caprine fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the basic stem cell characteristics. Gravid caprine uteri (2-3 months) were collected from local abattoir to derive (amniotic fluid [cAF], amniotic sac [cAS], Wharton's jelly [cWJ], and cord blood [cCB]) MSCs and expanded in vitro. Cells were cryopreserved at 3rd passage (P3) using 10% DMSO. Post-thaw viability and cellular properties were assessed. Cells were expanded to determine growth kinetics, tri-lineage differentiation, localization, and molecular expression of MSCs and pluripotency markers; thereafter, these cells were transplanted in the full-thickness (2 × 2cm2 ) rat skin wound to determine their wound healing potential. The post-thaw (pt) growth kinetics study suggested that cWJ MSCs expanded more rapidly with faster population doubling time (PDT) than that of other fetal adnexa MSCs. The relative mRNA expression of surface antigens (CD73, CD90, and CD 105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, KLF, and cMyc) was higher in cWJ MSCs in comparison to cAS, cAF, and cCB MSCs post-thaw. The percent wound contraction on 7th day was more than 50% for all the MSC-treated groups (pre and post-thaw), against 39.55% in the control group. On day 28th, 99% and more wound contraction was observed in cAF, cAF-pt, cAS-pt, cWJ, cWJ-pt, and cCB, MSCs with better scores for epithelization, neovascularization, and collagen characteristics at a non-significant level. It is concluded that these MSCs could be successfully cryopreserved without altering their stemness and wound healing properties. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2186-2200, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indu B
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj P Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Perumal A Desingu
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh K Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amar Pal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Guttula Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Guttula Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Abstract
Cryopreservation is the application of low temperatures to preserve the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. Conventional cooling protocols allow ice to form and solute concentrations to rise during the cryopreservation process. The damage caused by the rise in solute concentration can be mitigated by the use of compounds known as cryoprotectants. Such compounds protect cells from the consequences of slow cooling injury, allowing them to be cooled at cooling rates which avoid the lethal effects of intracellular ice. An alternative to conventional cooling is vitrification. Vitrification methods incorporate cryoprotectants at sufficiently high concentrations to prevent ice crystallization so that the system forms an amorphous glass thus avoiding the damaging effects caused by conventional slow cooling. However, vitrification too can impose damaging consequences on cells as the cryoprotectant concentrations required to vitrify cells at lower cooling rates are potentially, and often, harmful. While these concentrations can be lowered to nontoxic levels, if the cells are ultra-rapidly cooled, the resulting metastable system can lead to damage through devitrification and growth of ice during subsequent storage and rewarming if not appropriately handled.The commercial and clinical application of stem cells requires robust and reproducible cryopreservation protocols and appropriate long-term, low-temperature storage conditions to provide reliable master and working cell banks. Though current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) compliant methods for the derivation and banking of clinical grade pluripotent stem cells exist and stem cell lines suitable for clinical applications are available, current cryopreservation protocols, whether for vitrification or conventional slow freezing, remain suboptimal. Apart from the resultant loss of valuable product that suboptimal cryopreservation engenders, there is a danger that such processes will impose a selective pressure on the cells selecting out a nonrepresentative, freeze-resistant subpopulation. Optimizing this process requires knowledge of the fundamental processes that occur during the freezing of cellular systems, the mechanisms of damage and methods for avoiding them. This chapter draws together the knowledge of cryopreservation gained in other systems with the current state-of-the-art for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell preservation in an attempt to provide the background for future attempts to optimize cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
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19
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Yong KW, Wan Safwani WKZ, Xu F, Wan Abas WAB, Choi JR, Pingguan-Murphy B. Cryopreservation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Clinical Applications: Current Methods and Challenges. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 13:231-9. [PMID: 26280501 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold many advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and other somatic cells in clinical applications. MSCs are multipotent cells with strong immunosuppressive properties. They can be harvested from various locations in the human body (e.g., bone marrow and adipose tissues). Cryopreservation represents an efficient method for the preservation and pooling of MSCs, to obtain the cell counts required for clinical applications, such as cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Upon cryopreservation, it is important to preserve MSCs functional properties including immunomodulatory properties and multilineage differentiation ability. Further, a biosafety evaluation of cryopreserved MSCs is essential prior to their clinical applications. However, the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs are associated with notable limitations, leading to a need for new or improved methods to be established for a more efficient application of cryopreserved MSCs in stem cell-based therapies. We review the important parameters for cryopreservation of MSCs and the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs. Further, we also discuss the challenges to be addressed in order to preserve MSCs effectively for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- 2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China .,3 The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Pollock K, Budenske JW, McKenna DH, Dosa PI, Hubel A. Algorithm-driven optimization of cryopreservation protocols for transfusion model cell types including Jurkat cells and mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2806-2815. [PMID: 27229375 DOI: 10.1002/term.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This investigation describes the use of a differential evolution (DE) algorithm to optimize cryopreservation solution compositions and cooling rates for specific cell types. Jurkat cells (a lymphocyte model cell type) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were combined with non-DMSO solutions at concentrations dictated by a DE algorithm. The cells were then frozen in 96-well plates at DE algorithm-dictated cooling rates in the range 0.5-10°C/min. The DE algorithm was iterated until convergence resulted in identification of an optimum solution composition and cooling rate, which occurred within six to nine generations (seven to 10 experiments) for both cell types. The optimal composition for cryopreserving Jurkat cells included 300 mm trehalose, 10% glycerol and 0.01% ectoine (TGE) at 10°C/min. The optimal composition for cryopreserving MSCs included 300 mm ethylene glycol, 1 mm taurine and 1% ectoine (SEGA) at 1°C/min. High-throughput concentration studies verified the optimum identified by the DE algorithm. Vial freezing experiments showed that experimental solutions of TGE at 10°C/min resulted in significantly higher viability for Jurkat cells than DMSO at 1°C/min, while experimental solutions of SEGA at 10°C/min resulted in significantly higher recovery for MSCs than DMSO at 1°C/min; these results were solution- and cell type-specific. Implementation of the DE algorithm permits optimization of multicomponent freezing solutions in a rational, accelerated fashion. This technique can be applied to optimize freezing conditions, which vary by cell type, with significantly fewer experiments than traditional methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Pollock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph W Budenske
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David H McKenna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter I Dosa
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Katsiani E, Garas A, Skentou C, Tsezou A, Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Daponte A, Messinis IE. Chorionic villi derived mesenchymal like stem cells and expression of embryonic stem cells markers during long-term culturing. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:517-29. [PMID: 27139894 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a variety of human tissues. MSCs derived from placental chorionic villi of the first trimester are likely to resemble, biologically, embryonic stem cells (ESC), due to the earlier development stage of placenta. In the present study long-term cultures of MSC-like cells were assessed in order to evaluate MSCs multipotent characteristics and molecular features during the period of culture. CV-cells obtained from 10 samples of chorionic villus displayed typical fibroblastoid morphology, undergone 20 passages during a period of 120 days, maintaining a stable karyotype throughout long term expansion. The cells were positive, for CD90, CD73, CD105, CD29, CD44, HLA ABC antigens and negative for CD14, CD34, AC133, and HLA DR antigens as resulted from the flow cytometry analysis. CV-cells were differentiated in adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuronal cells under specific culture conditions. The expression of the ESC-gene markers POU5F1 (Oct-4) and NANOG was observed at earliest stages (4-12 passages) and not at the late stages (14-20 passages) by RT-PCR analysis. ZFP42 and SOX2 expression were not detected. Moreover, CV-cells were found to express GATA4 but not NES (Nestin). Chorionic villi-derived cells possess multipotent properties, display high proliferation rate and self-renew capacity, share common surface antigens with adult MSCs and express certain embryonics stem cells gene markers. These characteristics highlight chorionic villi as an attractive source of MSCs for the needs of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katsiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Garas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - C Skentou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Tsezou
- Department of Biology and Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - C I Messini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - K Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - I E Messinis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110, Viopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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22
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Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:570-85. [PMID: 25381565 PMCID: PMC4493719 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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23
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von Bomhard A, Elsässer A, Ritschl LM, Schwarz S, Rotter N. Cryopreservation of Endothelial Cells in Various Cryoprotective Agents and Media - Vitrification versus Slow Freezing Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149660. [PMID: 26890410 PMCID: PMC4758583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of endothelial cells (MHECT-5) has not previously been compared with controlled slow freezing methods under standardized conditions. To identify the best cryopreservation technique, we evaluated vitrification and standardized controlled-rate -1°C/minute cell freezing in a -80°C freezer and tested four cryoprotective agents (CPA), namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol (GLY), and two media, namely Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium Ham's F-12 (DMEM)and K+-modified TiProtec (K+TiP), which is a high-potassium-containing medium. Numbers of viable cells in proliferation were evaluated by the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega Corporation, Mannheim, Germany). To detect the exact frozen cell number per cryo vial, DNA content was measured by using Hoechst 33258 dye prior to analysis. Thus, results could be evaluated unconstrained by absolute cell number. Thawed cells were cultured in 25 cm2 cell culture flasks to confluence and examined daily by phase contrast imaging. With regard to cell recovery immediately after thawing, DMSO was the most suitable CPA combined with K+TiP in vitrification (99 ±0.5%) and with DMEM in slow freezing (92 ±1.6%). The most viable cells in proliferation after three days of culture were obtained in cells vitrificated by using GLY with K+TiP (308 ±34%) and PG with DMEM in slow freezing (280 ±27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim von Bomhard
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Langerstr. 3, 81675 Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Elsässer
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Maximilian Ritschl
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Langerstr. 3, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Schwarz
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Yong KW, Choi JR, Wan Safwani WKZ. Biobanking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Future Strategy to Facilitate Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:99-110. [PMID: 27837557 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a type of adult stem cells that hold great potential in clinical applications (e.g., regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy) due to their ability to differentiate into multiple types of specialized cells and secrete soluble factors which can initiate tissue repair and regulate immune response. hMSCs need to be expanded in vitro or cryopreserved to obtain sufficient cell numbers required for clinical applications. However, long-term in vitro culture-expanded hMSCs may raise some biosafety concerns (e.g., chromosomal abnormality and malignant transformation) and compromised functional properties, limiting their use in clinical applications. To avoid those adverse effects, it is essential to cryopreserve hMSCs at early passage and pool them for off-the-shelf use in clinical applications. However, the existing cryopreservation methods for hMSCs have some notable limitations. To address these limitations, several approaches have to be taken in order to produce healthy and efficacious cryopreserved hMSCs for clinical trials, which remains challenging to date. Therefore, a noteworthy amount of resources has been utilized in research in optimization of the cryopreservation methods, development of freezing devices, and formulation of cryopreservation media to ensure that hMSCs maintain their therapeutic characteristics without raising biosafety concerns following cryopreservation. Biobanking of hMSCs would be a crucial strategy to facilitate clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Kamarul Zaman Wan Safwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pogozhykh O, Pogozhykh D, Neehus AL, Hoffmann A, Blasczyk R, Müller T. Molecular and cellular characteristics of human and non-human primate multipotent stromal cells from the amnion and bone marrow during long term culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:150. [PMID: 26297012 PMCID: PMC4546288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are among the key candidates in regenerative medicine. However variety of MSC sources and general heterogeneity lead to controversial data in functional characterization. Furthermore, despite intensive usage as preclinical animal model, little is known about MSCs of the common marmoset monkey. Methods MSCs derived from placental amnion and bone marrow samples from human and common marmoset were characterized in parallel over 12 passages to monitor similarities and significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, Student’s t-test) in MSC markers and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, metabolic activity test, with special focus on pluripotency associated genes. Results Human and non-human primate MSCs were characterized for expression of MSC markers and capability of differentiation into mesenchymal lineages. MSCs could be cultured more than 100 days (26 passages), but metabolic activity was significantly enhanced in amnion vs. bone marrow MSCs. Interestingly, MHC class I expression is significantly reduced in amnion MSCs until passage 6 in human and marmoset, but not in bone marrow cells. For MSC markers, CD73 and CD105 levels remain unchanged in amnion MSCs and slightly decline in bone marrow at late passages; CD166 is significantly higher expressed in human MSCs, CD106 significantly lower vs. marmoset. All cultured MSCs showed pluripotency marker expression like Oct-4A at passage 3 significantly decreasing over time (passages 6–12) while Nanog expression was highest in human bone marrow MSCs. Furthermore, human MSCs demonstrated the highest Sox2 levels vs. marmoset, whereas the marmoset exhibited significantly higher Lin28A values. Bisulfite sequencing of the Oct-4 promoter region displayed fewer methylations of CpG islands in the marmoset vs. human. Conclusions Little is known about MSC characteristics from the preclinical animal model common marmoset vs. human during long term culture. Studied human and common marmoset samples share many similar features such as most MSC markers and reduced MHC class I expression in amnion cells vs. bone marrow. Furthermore, pluripotency markers indicate in both species a subpopulation of MSCs with true ‘stemness’, which could explain their high proliferation capacity, though possessing differences between human and marmoset in Lin28A and Sox2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pogozhykh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Denys Pogozhykh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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Hennes A, Gucciardo L, Zia S, Lesage F, Lefèvre N, Lewi L, Vorsselmans A, Cos T, Lories R, Deprest J, Toelen J. Safe and effective cryopreservation methods for long-term storage of human-amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35:456-62. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hennes
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
| | - Léonardo Gucciardo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
- Departments of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Hospital Brugmann; Brussels Belgium
| | - Silvia Zia
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
| | - Flore Lesage
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola; Brussels Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Lewi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Annick Vorsselmans
- Departments of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Teresa Cos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Hospital Brugmann; Brussels Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ System Cluster, Group Biomedical Sciences; KU; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Ryan JM, Pettit AR, Guillot PV, Chan JKY, Fisk NM. Unravelling the pluripotency paradox in fetal and placental mesenchymal stem cells: Oct-4 expression and the case of The Emperor's New Clothes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:408-21. [PMID: 22161644 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from fetal-placental tissues have translational advantages over their adult counterparts, and have variably been reported to express pluripotency markers. OCT-4 expression in fetal-placental MSC has been documented in some studies, paradoxically without tumourogenicity in vivo. It is possible that OCT-4 expression is insufficient to induce true "stemness", but this issue is important for the translational safety of fetal-derived MSC. To clarify this, we undertook a systematic literature review on OCT-4 in fetal or adnexal MSC to show that most studies report OCT-4 message or protein expression, but no study provides definitive evidence of true OCT-4A expression. Discrepant findings were attributable not to different culture conditions, tissue sources, or gestational ages but instead to techniques used. In assessing OCT-4 as a pluripotency marker, we highlight the challenges in detecting the correct OCT-4 isoform (OCT-4A) associated with pluripotency. Although specific detection of OCT-4A mRNA is achievable, it appears unlikely that any antibody can reliably distinguish between OCT-4A and the pseudogene OCT-4B. Finally, using five robust techniques we demonstrate that fetal derived-MSC do not express OCT-4A (or by default OCT-4B). Reports suggesting OCT-4 expression in fetal-derived MSC warrant reassessment, paying attention to gene and protein isoforms, pseudogenes, and antibody choice as well as primer design. Critical examination of the OCT-4 literature leads us to suggest that OCT-4 expression in fetal MSC may be a case of "The Emperor's New Clothes" with early reports of (false) positive expression amplified in subsequent studies without critical attention to emerging refinements in knowledge and methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston campus, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
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29
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Kaviani M, Ezzatabadipour M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Salehinejad P, Mohammadi M, Kalantar SM, Motamedi B. Evaluation of gametogenic potential of vitrified human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells derived from fetal bovine liver. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 15:439-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Moroni L, Fornasari PM. Human mesenchymal stem cells: a bank perspective on the isolation, characterization and potential of alternative sources for the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:680-7. [PMID: 22949310 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discovery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in different tissues is stirring up a tremendous interest as a cell source for regenerative medicine therapies. Historically, hMSCs have been always considered a sub-population of mononuclear cells present in the bone marrow (BM). Although BM-hMSCs are still nowadays considered as the most promising mesenchymal stem cell population to reach the clinics due to their capacity to differentiate into multiple tissues, hMSCs derived from other adult and fetal tissues have also demonstrated to possess similar differentiation capacities. Furthermore, different reports have highlighted a higher recurrence of hMSCs in some of these tissues as compared to BM. This offer a fascinating panorama for cell banking, since the creation of a stem cell factory could be envisioned where hMSCs are stocked and used for ad hoc clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the main findings and state of the art in hMSCs isolation, characterization, and differentiation from alternative tissue sources and we attempt to compare their potency for musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moroni
- Muscoloskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
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32
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Hanna J, Hubel A. Preservation of stem cells. Organogenesis 2012; 5:134-7. [PMID: 20046676 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.3.9585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (hematopoietic and mesenchymal) have demonstrated tremendous human therapeutic potential. Currently, human embryonic stem cells are used principally for understanding development and disease progression but also hold tremendous therapeutic potential. The ability to preserve stem cells is critical for their use in clinical and research applications. Preservation of cells permits the transportation of cells between sites, as well as completion of safety and quality control testing. Preservation also permits the development of a 'manufacturing paradigm' for cell therapies, thereby maximizing the number of products that can be produced at a given facility. in this article, we will review modes of preservation and the current status of preservation of hematopoietic, mesenchymal and human embryonic stem cells. Current and emerging issues in the area of stem cell preservation will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hanna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
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33
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Thirumala S, Goebel WS, Woods EJ. Clinical grade adult stem cell banking. Organogenesis 2012; 5:143-54. [PMID: 20046678 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.3.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great deal of scientific interest recently generated by the potential therapeutic applications of adult stem cells in human care but there are several challenges regarding quality and safety in clinical applications and a number of these challenges relate to the processing and banking of these cells ex-vivo. As the number of clinical trials and the variety of adult cells used in regenerative therapy increases, safety remains a primary concern. This has inspired many nations to formulate guidelines and standards for the quality of stem cell collection, processing, testing, banking, packaging and distribution. Clinically applicable cryopreservation and banking of adult stem cells offers unique opportunities to advance the potential uses and widespread implementation of these cells in clinical applications. Most current cryopreservation protocols include animal serum proteins and potentially toxic cryoprotectant additives (CPAs) that prevent direct use of these cells in human therapeutic applications. Long term cryopreservation of adult stem cells under good manufacturing conditions using animal product free solutions is critical to the widespread clinical implementation of ex-vivo adult stem cell therapies. Furthermore, to avoid any potential cryoprotectant related complications, reduced CPA concentrations and efficient post-thaw washing to remove CPA are also desirable. The present review focuses on the current strategies and important aspects of adult stem cell banking for clinical applications. These include current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs), animal protein free freezing solutions, cryoprotectants, freezing & thawing protocols, viability assays, packaging and distribution. The importance and benefits of banking clinical grade adult stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Thirumala
- General Biotechnology LLC; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
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Ricci E, Vanosi G, Lindenmair A, Hennerbichler S, Peterbauer-Scherb A, Wolbank S, Cargnoni A, Signoroni PB, Campagnol M, Gabriel C, Redl H, Parolini O. Anti-fibrotic effects of fresh and cryopreserved human amniotic membrane in a rat liver fibrosis model. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:475-88. [PMID: 22926336 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane (hAM), thanks to its favorable properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-regenerative effects, is a well-known surgical material for many clinical applications, when used both freshly after isolation and after preservation. We have shown previously that hAM patching is a potential approach to counteract liver fibrosis. Indeed, when fresh hAM was used to cover the liver surface of rats with liver fibrosis induced by the bile duct ligation (BDL) procedure, the progression and severity of fibrosis were significantly reduced. Since cryopreservation enables safety and long-term storage of hAM but may influence its functional properties, here we compared the anti-fibrotic effects of fresh and cryopreserved hAM in rats with BDL-induced liver fibrosis. After BDL, the rat liver was covered with a piece of fresh or cryopreserved hAM, or left untreated. Six weeks later, the degree of liver fibrosis was assessed histologically using the Knodell and the METAVIR scoring systems. Digital image analysis was used to quantify the percentage of the areas of each liver section displaying ductular reaction, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, activated myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Liver collagen content was also determined by spectrophotometric technique. The degree of liver fibrosis, ductular reaction, ECM deposition, and the number of activated myofibroblasts and HSCs were all significantly reduced in hAM-treated rats compared to control animals. Fresh and cryopreserved hAM produced the same anti-fibrotic effects. These findings indicate that cryopreservation maintains the anti-fibrotic properties of hAM when used as a patch to reduce the severity of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ricci
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
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Evaluation of a low cost cryopreservation system on the biology of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cryobiology 2012; 64:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Füst A, Pállinger E, Stündl A, Kovács E, Imre L, Tóth S, Németh J. Both freshly prepared and frozen-stored amniotic membrane cells express the complement inhibitor CD59. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:815615. [PMID: 22701098 PMCID: PMC3366213 DOI: 10.1100/2012/815615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amniotic membrane proved to be very effective tool in the treatment of a number of ocular surface diseases. The amniotic membrane, however, has to be stored before its transplantation onto the ocular surface followed by mandatory serologic control in order to exclude the transmission of certain viruses. Therefore it is most important to study if cryopreservation of the membrane affects cell surface expression of the molecules. We measured cell surface expression of CD59, a membrane-bound complement inhibitor on the cells of freshly prepared and cryopreserved amniotic membrane. Cells of amniotic membrane were separated mechanically. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells were identified by the intracellular expression of nanog and the cell surface ICAM1 positivity, respectively. Multicolor flow cytometric immunophenotyping was used for determination of the CD59 expression. CellQuest-Pro software program (Becton Dickinson) was used both for measurements and analysis. CD59-positive cells could be detected in all investigated samples and in all investigated cell types, although the expression level of CD59 differed. CD59 was expressed both on freshly prepared and frozen-stored samples. Higher level of CD59 was detected on ICAM1+ mesenchymal cells than on nanog+ epithelial cells. Our findings indicate that amniotic membranes maintain their complement inhibiting capacity after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Füst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Tömő u. 25-29, Budapest H-1083, Hungary.
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37
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Evaluation of distinct freezing methods and cryoprotectants for human amniotic fluid stem cells cryopreservation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:649353. [PMID: 22665987 PMCID: PMC3361720 DOI: 10.1155/2012/649353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid (AF) was described as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for biomedicine purposes. Therefore, evaluation of alternative cryoprotectants and freezing protocols capable to maintain the viability and stemness of these cells after cooling is still needed. AF stem cells (AFSCs) were tested for different freezing methods and cryoprotectants. Cell viability, gene expression, surface markers, and plasticity were evaluated after thawing. AFSCs expressed undifferentiated genes Oct4 and Nanog; presented typical markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105) and were able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. All tested cryoprotectants preserved the features of AFSCs however, variations in cell viability were observed. In this concern, dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) showed the best results. The freezing protocols tested did not promote significant changes in the AFSCs viability. Time programmed and nonprogrammed freezing methods could be used for successful AFSCs cryopreservation for 6 months. Although tested cryoprotectants maintained undifferentiated gene expression, typical markers, and plasticity of AFSCs, only Me2SO and glycerol presented workable viability ratios.
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Cetinkaya G, Arat S. Cryopreservation of cartilage cell and tissue for biobanking. Cryobiology 2011; 63:292-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Violini S, Gorni C, Pisani LF, Ramelli P, Caniatti M, Mariani P. Isolation and differentiation potential of an equine amnion-derived stromal cell line. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:1-7. [PMID: 21994048 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells represent an important tool in veterinary therapeutic field such as tissue engineering. In the present study, equine amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were investigated for applications in veterinary science as an alternative source to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose stem cells. Amnion stromal cells isolation and characterization protocol is described; the in vitro cell growth rate was calculated by measuring viable cell number over 20 days. The expression of stem cell markers such as Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2 and CD105 was assessed by retrotranscription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes precursors was analyzed by cytochemical staining. This study showed that amnion stromal cells expressing stem cell markers can differentiate into mesoderm lineage and may be an alternative source to mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow for the use in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Violini
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, CERSA, Via Einstein, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Zhang K, Cai Z, Li Y, Shu J, Pan L, Wan F, Li H, Huang X, He C, Liu Y, Cui X, Xu Y, Gao Y, Wu L, Cao S, Li L. Utilization of human amniotic mesenchymal cells as feeder layers to sustain propagation of human embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:281-8. [PMID: 21718108 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are usually maintained in the undifferentiated state by culturing on feeder cells layers of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, MEFs are not suitable to support human ES cells used for clinical purpose because of risk of zoonosis from animal cells. Therefore, human tissue-based feeder layers need to be developed for human ES cells for clinical purpose. Hereof we report that human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMCs) could act as feeder cells for human ES cells, because they are easily obtained and relatively exempt from ethical problem. Like MEFs, hAMCs could act as feeder cells for human ES cells to grow well on. The self-renewal rate of human ES cells cultured on hAMCs feeders was higher than that on MEFs and human amniotic epithelial cells determined by measurement of colonial diameters and growth curve as well as cell cycle analysis. Both immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting showed that human ES cells cultured on hAMCs expressed stem cell markers such as Oct-3/4, Sox2, and NANOG. Verified by embryoid body formation in vitro and teratoma formation in vivo, we found out that after 20 passages of culture, human ES cells grown on hAMCs feeders could still retain the potency of differentiating into three germ layers. Taken together, our data suggested hAMCs may be safe feeder cells to sustain the propagation of human ES cells in undifferentiated state for future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chang HJ, Moon JH, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH. Optimal condition of vitrification method for cryopreservation of human ovarian cortical tissues. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1092-101. [PMID: 21501331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In order to find the optimal exposure time of cryoprotectant, we performed a comparison of vitrification versus slow freezing according to the degree of normal morphology and apoptosis of human ovarian follicles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients aged 20-41 years who underwent operative laparoscopy for benign ovarian cysts or cesarean section were enrolled in this study. We carried out a prospective parallel comparison of survival and morphology of follicles after freezing (slow freezing and vitrification) and thawing. The ovarian strips were vitrified with two-step exposure to equilibration and vitrification solutions at room temperature. After various exposure times of cryoprotectant solution (5 min, 10 min, and 20 min, respectively), cryoprotectant-filled cryovials with pretreated cortical tissues were immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen. RESULTS In total, 336 follicles were analyzed by light microscopy to assess the morphology. The distribution of follicles was as follows: primordial, primary, and secondary follicles were 55.7% (187/336), 36.9% (124/336), and 7.4% (25/336), respectively. Vitrification in the 10-min exposure group preserved the follicles most effectively (ratio of grade 1 follicle: 3.6%, 34.7%, 13.8%, and 20.0% in the 5-min, 10-min, 20-min, and slow-freezing groups, respectively). Fewer terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-dUTP-nick-end-labeling-positive cells were found in vitrification in the 10-min equilibrium group compared with the other cryopreserved-thawed groups (52.1%, 31.5%, 53.1%, and 46.7% in the 5-min, 10-min, 20-min, and slow-freezing groups, respectively). The stromal cells were also better preserved in the 10-min group than the others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 10-min exposure group for vitrification showed better results compared with other conditions and the slow-freezing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Chang
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Hunt CJ. Cryopreservation of Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application: A Review. Transfus Med Hemother 2011; 38:107-123. [PMID: 21566712 PMCID: PMC3088734 DOI: 10.1159/000326623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY: Stem cells have been used in a clinical setting for many years. Haematopoietic stem cells have been used for the treatment of both haematological and non-haematological disease; while more recently mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow have been the subject of both laboratory and early clinical studies. Whilst these cells show both multipotency and expansion potential, they nonetheless do not form stable cell lines in culture which is likely to limit the breadth of their application in the field of regenerative medicine. Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells, capable of forming stable cell lines which retain the capacity to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers. This makes them of special significance in both regenerative medicine and toxicology. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may also provide a similar breadth of utility without some of the confounding ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells. An essential pre-requisite to the commercial and clinical application of stem cells are suitable cryopreservation protocols for long-term storage. Whilst effective methods for cryopreservation and storage have been developed for haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic cells and iPS cells have proved more refractory. This paper reviews the current state of cryopreservation as it pertains to stem cells and in particular the embryonic and iPS cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, UK
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McDonald C, Siatskas C, C.A. Bernard C. The emergence of amnion epithelial stem cells for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Inflamm Regen 2011. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.31.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abdulrazzak H, Moschidou D, Jones G, Guillot PV. Biological characteristics of stem cells from foetal, cord blood and extraembryonic tissues. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 6:S689-706. [PMID: 20739312 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0347.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal stem cells (FSCs) can be isolated during gestation from many different tissues such as blood, liver and bone marrow as well as from a variety of extraembryonic tissues such as amniotic fluid and placenta. Strong evidence suggests that these cells differ on many biological aspects such as growth kinetics, morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential and engraftment capacity in vivo. Despite these differences, FSCs appear to be more primitive and have greater multi-potentiality than their adult counterparts. For example, foetal blood haemopoietic stem cells proliferate more rapidly than those found in cord blood or adult bone marrow. These features have led to FSCs being investigated for pre- and post-natal cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. The cells have been used in pre-clinical studies to treat a wide range of diseases such as skeletal dysplasia, diaphragmatic hernia and respiratory failure, white matter damage, renal pathologies as well as cancers. Their intermediate state between adult and embryonic stem cells also makes them an ideal candidate for reprogramming to the pluripotent status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdulrazzak
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Id Boufker H, Lagneaux L, Najar M, Piccart M, Ghanem G, Body JJ, Journé F. The Src inhibitor dasatinib accelerates the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:298. [PMID: 20565769 PMCID: PMC3087319 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proto-oncogene Src is an important non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase involved in signaling pathways that control cell adhesion, growth, migration and differentiation. It negatively regulates osteoblast activity, and, as such, its inhibition is a potential means to prevent bone loss. Dasatinib is a new dual Src/Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor initially developed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It has also shown promising results in preclinical studies in various solid tumors. However, its effects on the differentiation of human osteoblasts have never been examined. Methods We evaluated the effects of dasatinib on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) differentiation into osteoblasts, in the presence or absence of a mixture of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate (DAG) for up to 21 days. The differentiation kinetics was assessed by evaluating mineralization of the extracellular matrix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteoblastic markers (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand [RANKL], bone sialoprotein [BSP], osteopontin [OPN]). Results Dasatinib significantly increased the activity of ALP and the level of calcium deposition in MSC cultured with DAG after, respectively, 7 and 14 days; it upregulated the expression of BSP and OPN genes independently of DAG; and it markedly downregulated the expression of RANKL gene and protein (decrease in RANKL/OPG ratio), the key factor that stimulates osteoclast differentiation and activity. Conclusions Our results suggest a dual role for dasatinib in both (i) stimulating osteoblast differentiation leading to a direct increase in bone formation, and (ii) downregulating RANKL synthesis by osteoblasts leading to an indirect inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Thus, dasatinib is a potentially interesting candidate drug for the treatment of osteolysis through its dual effect on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichame Id Boufker
- Laboratoire d'Hematologie Experimentale, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Parolini O, Alviano F, Bergwerf I, Boraschi D, De Bari C, De Waele P, Dominici M, Evangelista M, Falk W, Hennerbichler S, Hess DC, Lanzoni G, Liu B, Marongiu F, McGuckin C, Mohr S, Nolli ML, Ofir R, Ponsaerts P, Romagnoli L, Solomon A, Soncini M, Strom S, Surbek D, Venkatachalam S, Wolbank S, Zeisberger S, Zeitlin A, Zisch A, Borlongan CV. Toward cell therapy using placenta-derived cells: disease mechanisms, cell biology, preclinical studies, and regulatory aspects at the round table. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:143-54. [PMID: 19947828 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many cell types that may prove useful to regenerative medicine, mounting evidence suggests that human term placenta-derived cells will join the list of significant contributors. In making new cell therapy-based strategies a clinical reality, it is fundamental that no a priori claims are made regarding which cell source is preferable for a particular therapeutic application. Rather, ongoing comparisons of the potentiality and characteristics of cells from different sources should be made to promote constant improvement in cell therapies, and such comparisons will likely show that individually tailored cells can address disease-specific clinical needs. The principle underlying such an approach is resistance to the notion that comprehensive characterization of any cell type has been achieved, neither in terms of phenotype nor risks-to-benefits ratio. Tailoring cell therapy approaches to specific conditions also requires an understanding of basic disease mechanisms and close collaboration between translational researchers and clinicians, to identify current needs and shortcomings in existing treatments. To this end, the international workshop entitled "Placenta-derived stem cells for treatment of inflammatory diseases: moving toward clinical application" was held in Brescia, Italy, in March 2009, and aimed to harness an understanding of basic inflammatory mechanisms inherent in human diseases with updated findings regarding biological and therapeutic properties of human placenta-derived cells, with particular emphasis on their potential for treating inflammatory diseases. Finally, steps required to allow their future clinical application according to regulatory aspects including good manufacturing practice (GMP) were also considered. In September 2009, the International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) was founded to help strengthen the research network in this field.
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Wang Y, Han Z, Yan S, Mao A, Wang B, Ren H, Chi Y, Han Z. Evaluation of suitable reference gene for real-time PCR in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with long-term in vitro expansion. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010; 46:595-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Comparative studies of different cryopreservation methods for mesenchymal stem cells derived from human fetal liver. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:455-62. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu YP, Hematti P. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from HOXB4-expressing human embryonic stem cells. Cytotherapy 2010; 11:716-25. [PMID: 19878058 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS HOXB4 transcription factor plays an important role in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Overexpression of HOXB4 in murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been used to generate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) via the embryoid body formation method. METHODS We used FuGENE 6-based transfection of YPL2-HOXB4 vector to generate HOXB4-expressing colonies from human ESC line H9 and investigated the potential of these cells for differentiation into primitive CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, via co-culture methodology with OP9 murine bone marrow stromal cells. Expression of HOXB4 in transfected human ESC colonies and their derivatives was verified using immunocytochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Utilizing OP9 stromal cell co-culture methodology, we generated CD34(+) cells from HOXB4-expressing H9 human ESC at a frequency similar to, and not higher than, non-transfected human ESC. However, we observed that some colonies of HOXB4-expressing human ESC not co-cultured on OP9 cells, differentiated into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while preserving their HOXB4 expression. These HOXB4-expressing MSC expressed CD29, CD73, CD44, CD90, CD105 and HLA-class I, were negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, CD54, CD71, CD106 and HLA-DR, and could be differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. CONCLUSIONS In our specific experimental system we observed that overexpression of HOXB4 in human ESC did not improve the generation of CD34(+) hematopoietic cells via OP9 co-culture methodology. Furthermore, we could generate MSC from human ESC over-expressing HOXB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
Liver cell transplantation presents clinical benefit in patients with inborn errors of metabolism as an alternative, or at least as a bridge, to orthotopic liver transplantation. The success of such a therapeutic approach remains limited by the quality of the transplanted cells. Cryopreservation remains the best option for long-term storage of hepatocytes, providing a permanent and sufficient cell supply. However, isolated adult hepatocytes are poorly resistant to such a process, with a significant alteration both at the morphological and functional levels. Hence, the aim of the current review is to discuss the state of the art regarding widely-used hepatocyte cryopreservation protocols, as well as the assays performed to analyse the post-thawing cell quality both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of studies agree upon the poor quality and efficiency of cryopreserved/thawed hepatocytes as compared to freshly isolated hepatocytes. Intracellular ice formation or exposure to hyperosmotic solutions remains the main phenomenon of cryopreservation process, and its effects on cell quality and cell death induction will be discussed. The increased knowledge and understanding of the cryopreservation process will lead to research strategies to improve the viability and the quality of the cell suspensions after thawing. Such strategies, such as vitrification, will be discussed with respect to their potential to significantly improve the quality of cell suspensions dedicated to liver cell-based therapies.
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