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Rodino IS, Sanders KA. The influence of avoidant attachment and perceived support on disclosure about involvement in donor-assisted conception to family and friends. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:644-654. [PMID: 36737051 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the attachment-related dimensions Anxiety and Avoidance and perceived partner and social support in recipients and donors influence disclosure to others about their involvement in donor-assisted conception (DAC)? SUMMARY ANSWER A higher global score on attachment Avoidance was associated with greater non-disclosure about involvement in DAC by participants to relationship-specific others. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Within the context of DAC, the topic of disclosure has been investigated in terms of the 'if', 'when', and the 'how' to disclose about circumstances of conception. Less focus, however, has been directed to investigating psychological theoretical frameworks that influence disclosure decisions to others, i.e. to whom information is disclosed and to what extent details are transparently revealed about the donor programme. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was of a cross-sectional design and utilized a sample of 301 participants who were, or had been, involved in DAC, and were recruited across states of Australia. An online self-report questionnaire was completed between June 2014 and June 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS English speaking participants consisting of 209 female recipients and 92 donors (36 sperm; 48 egg; 8 embryo donors). Of the recipients, 104 had successfully conceived children via donated gametes (68 sperm, 23 eggs, 6 embryos, and 7 recipients where both gametes were donated from 2 donors to create the embryo). Participants anonymously completed an online questionnaire consisting of five sections: Demographics, Donor Conception and Disclosure Practices, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationships Structure, the Quality of Relationship Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson correlations, independent samples t-tests, Chi-square, and ANOVA were used to explore the association between attachment Anxiety and Avoidance scores and disclosure about involvement in a DAC programme to significant others (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and friends). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compared to published community cohort data, participants reported lower global scores on attachment Anxiety and Avoidance and high levels of romantic partner and social network support, suggestive of secure relationships in the overall study sample. A higher score on attachment Avoidance was associated with less disclosure to significant others in their social network (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and close friends), even in the presence of strong partner support (partial r = -0.248, P = 0.005). Higher scores on attachment Avoidance were inversely associated with level of perceived partner and social network support (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of attachment scores, more than 90% of all participants agreed that a child born of DAC should be told about mode of conception. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study utilized a cross-sectional design precluding causal inferences between dimensions of insecure attachment and disclosure practices. Participants were required to self-report on the quality of their relationships with the potential for social desirability respondent bias. The study's self-selecting sample may limit generalization to participants who were dis-inclined to participate. Specifically, respondents who have an Avoidant attachment style, may have elected not to participate in the study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Given the increased use of biotechnology and digital facial recognition enabling self-discovery of the donor and the donor's extended family, non-disclosure about involvement in DAC may have consequences. An 'Avoidant' attachment style is important to assess as a potential risk factor for non-disclosure about involvement in DAC across different relational contexts (e.g. close family members and friends). Fertility counsellors should consider introducing a measure of attachment screening as a pre-emptive psychoeducational strategy during donor implications counselling. This information could be used to offer patients insight into concerns they have about DAC disclosures to key important relationships, providing a target of clinical intervention. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funds were sought for this work. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda S Rodino
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine A Sanders
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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The experience of counselling for UK egg providers. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lysons J, Imrie S, Jadva V, Golombok S. 'I'm the only mum she knows': parents' understanding of, and feelings about, identity-release egg donation. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2426-2437. [PMID: 36006027 PMCID: PMC9527462 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do parents understand and feel about identity-release egg donation? SUMMARY ANSWER Almost one-third of mothers and fathers did not understand the identifiable nature of their egg donation; mothers expressed complex and sometimes difficult feelings about the prospect of future donor–child contact. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Identity-release egg donation has been the only treatment option available to patients wishing to pursue this route to parenthood in the UK since 2005. However, little is known about how well parents understand this legislation, and how they feel about potential donor–child contact. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This qualitative interview study included 61 mothers and 51 fathers whose 5-year-old children were conceived via identity-release egg donation. Interviews were conducted between April 2018 and December 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data are reported from phase two of a longitudinal study of families created using open-identity egg donation. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers and fathers. The interviews contained a section on what parents understood about the identifiable nature of the donor. These data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Mothers who understood the identifiable nature of their egg donation (n = 44) were then asked about their thoughts and feelings regarding the prospect of future donor–child contact. Mothers’ narratives were analysed using thematic analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Almost one-third of parents (28% of mothers, n = 17; 31% of fathers, n = 16) did not understand the identifiable nature of their egg donation. Mothers’ and fathers’ misunderstandings about identity-release egg donation fell into two categories: (i) Unclear about identity-release and (ii) Belief that the donor is anonymous. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that egg donation mothers’ feelings about identity-release donation could be understood via three organizing themes: (i) identity-release as a threat, (ii) acceptance: it is what it is and (iii) embracing identity-release. The findings indicated that egg donation mothers utilized various strategies to manage their feelings about identity-release egg donation in day-to-day life, and each theme was associated with at least one coping strategy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Participants were predominantly from White, middle-class backgrounds. Further research with a more diverse sample is needed to improve generalizability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings indicate that parents would benefit from more comprehensive provision of information, both at time of treatment and following conception, to ensure they have fully understood the nature of the donation. Parents may also benefit from follow-up care to help manage any complex or difficult feelings about donor–child contact. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(s) This research was supported by a Wellcome Trust Collaborative Award [208013/Z/17/Z]. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lysons
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Imrie
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Thomas Coram Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Jadva
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Golombok
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Hogan RG, Hammarberg K, Wang AY, Sullivan EA. ‘Battery hens’ or ‘nuggets of gold’: a qualitative study on the barriers and enablers for altruistic egg donation. HUM FERTIL 2021; 25:688-696. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1873430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie G. Hogan
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Nursing, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karin Hammarberg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Y. Wang
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sullivan
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Adib Moghaddam E, Kazemi A, Kheirabadi G, Ahmadi SM. Self-image and social-image of the donors: Two different views from oocyte donors' eyes. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:548-556. [PMID: 33023322 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320963211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the perceptions of women oocyte donors this qualitative study was conducted on 30 oocyte donors using in-depth interview. The three main categories of decision-making challenge, the consequences of participation in assisted reproductive treatment, and the contrast between the self-image and social-image of the donor were inferred. Financial and altruistic motivation, social taboo, and the approval of trusted people were the sub-categories of the decision-making challenge. The results of the study showed that the decision for oocyte donation follows the effort of women to balance the financial and spiritual benefits of the donation against its cultural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kazemi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Flatscher-Thöni M, Böttcher B, Geser W, Lampe A, Werner-Felmayer G, Voithofer C, Schusterschitz C. Worlds apart or two sides of the same coin? Attitudes, meanings, and motives of potential oocyte and sperm donors in Austria. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:287-296. [PMID: 31916077 PMCID: PMC7056682 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gamete donors and recipients of such donations have been explored by previous studies, which mostly focus on post-donation scenarios. Our study analyses the general willingness to donate oocytes or sperm and focuses on differences between potential female and male donors in attitudes, meanings, and motives in a pre-donation setting. Methods An electronic survey (n = 555 students) was used in this anonymous observational study. To enable comparisons between men and women regarding their attitudes, meanings, and motives and their willingness to donate gametes, we designed two separate questionnaires. Results The sample was divided into three groups based on the willingness to donate: potential donors (n = 133; women: 48.1%, men: 51.9%); doubtful donors (n = 207; women: 75.8%, men: 24.2%); and non-donors (n = 215; women: 68.3%, men: 31.7%). The group of potential male donors (39.2%) was significantly larger than the group of potential female donors (16.9%). Significant differences regarding altruism, the meaning of one’s self-worth, and passing on the own genes were found between doubtful and potential donors. Potential donors attached less value to altruism but more value to the enhancement of one’s self-worth and passing on one’s genes than doubtful donors. The motive of passing on one’s genes and altruistic motives were more important to men than to women. Conclusion This study helps to create a better understanding of potential donors in the existing donation framework and supports the evaluation of the given regimes in the context of designing an improved framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flatscher-Thöni
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - B Böttcher
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - W Geser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Lampe
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Werner-Felmayer
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Medical University of Innsbruck, bioethics network education, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Voithofer
- Department of Civil Law, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Schusterschitz
- Department of Psychology and Medical Sciences, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
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Martin N, Mahmoodi N, Hudson N, Jones G. Recipient and donor experiences of known egg donation: implications for fertility counselling. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:354-366. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1645308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Martin
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Neda Mahmoodi
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicky Hudson
- Centre for Reproduction Research, Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Georgina Jones
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Investigating knowledge and perceptions of egg sharing among healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 236:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Haskovic M, Poot WJ, van Golde RJT, Benneheij SH, Oussoren E, de Wert GMWR, Krumeich A, Rubio-Gozalbo ME. Intrafamilial oocyte donation in classic galactosemia: ethical and societal aspects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:791-797. [PMID: 29671189 PMCID: PMC6133175 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Classic galactosemia is a rare inherited disorder of galactose metabolism. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with subfertility affects > 80% of female patients and is an important concern for patients and their parents. Healthcare providers are often consulted for subfertility treatment possibilities. An option brought up by the families is intrafamilial oocyte donation (mother-to-daughter or sister-to-sister). In addition to POI, galactosemia patients can also present varying cognitive and neurological impairments, which may not be fully clear at the time when mother-to-daughter oocyte donation is considered. Ethical and societal aspects arise when exploring this option. This study aimed to provide guidance in aspects to consider based on the views of different groups involved in the oocyte donation process. A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with > 50 participants (patients, family members, and healthcare providers) was conducted. From these interviews, themes of concern emerged, which are illustrated and reviewed: (1) family relations, (2) medical impact, (3) patients' cognitive level, (4) agreements to be made in advance and organization of counseling, (5) disclosure to the child, and (6) need for follow-up. We conclude that discussing and carrying out intrafamilial oocyte donation in galactosemia patients requires carefully addressing these themes. This study adds value to the already existing recommendations on intrafamilial oocyte donation in general, since it highlights important additional aspects from the perspectives of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haskovic
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debeylaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W J Poot
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debeylaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R J T van Golde
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S H Benneheij
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M W R de Wert
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Krumeich
- Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Estela Rubio-Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debeylaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Public support for intergenerational oocyte donation in the United States. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:343-348.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Van Parys H, Provoost V, Zeiler K, De Sutter P, Pennings G, Buysse A. Constructing and enacting kinship in sister-to-sister egg donation families: a multi-family member interview study. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2017; 39:847-862. [PMID: 27917504 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although intra-familial egg donation has been practiced for more than 15 years in several countries, little is known about family relationships in this family type. Framed within the new kinship studies, this article focuses on the experiential dimension of kinship in sister-to-sister egg donation families: how is kinship 'unpacked' and 'reconstructed' in this specific family constellation? Qualitative data analysis of interviews with receiving parents, their donating sisters and the donor children revealed six themes: (1) being connected as an extended family; (2) disambiguating motherhood; (3) giving and receiving as structuring processes; (4) acknowledging and managing the 'special' link between donor and child; (5) making sense of the union between father and donor; and (6) kinship constructions being challenged. This study showed the complex and continuous balancing of meanings related to the mother-child dyad, the donor-child dyad and the donor-father dyad. What stood out was the complexity of, on the one hand cherishing the genetic link with the child allowed by the sisters' egg donation, while, on the other, managing the meanings related to this link, by, for instance, acknowledging, downsizing, symbolising, and differentiating it from the mother-child bond. (A Virtual Abstract of this paper can be accessed at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Van Parys
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Kristin Zeiler
- Division of Health and Society Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ann Buysse
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Klitzman R. Unconventional combinations of prospective parents: ethical challenges faced by IVF providers. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:18. [PMID: 28245820 PMCID: PMC5331695 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional guidelines have addressed ethical dilemmas posed by a few types of nontraditional procreative arrangements (e.g., gamete donations between family members), but many questions arise regarding how providers view and make decisions about these and other such arrangements. Methods Thirty-seven ART providers and 10 patients were interviewed in-depth for approximately 1 h each. Interviews were systematically analyzed. Results Providers faced a range of challenges and ethical dilemmas concerning both the content and the process of decisions about requests for unconventional interfamilial and other reproductive combinations. Providers vary in how they respond — what they decide, who exactly decides (e.g., an ethics committee or not), and how — often undergoing complex decision-making processes. These combinations can involve creating or raising the child, and can shift over time — from initial ART treatment through to the child’s birth. Patients’ requests can vary from fully established to mere possibilities. Arrangements may also be unstable, fluid, or unexpected, posing challenges. Difficulties emerge concerning not only familial but social, combinations (e.g., between friends). These arrangements can involve blurry and confusing roles, questions about the welfare of the unborn child, and unanticipated and unfamiliar questions about how to weigh competing moral and scientific concerns — e.g., the autonomy of the individuals involved, and the potential risks and benefits. Clinicians may feel that these requests do not “smell right”; and at first respond with feelings of “yuck,” and only later, carefully and explicitly consider the ethical principles involved. Proposed arrangements may, for instance, initially be felt to involve consanguineous individuals, but not in fact do so. Obtaining and verifying full and appropriate informed consent can be difficult, given implicit familial and/or cultural expectations and senses of duty. Social attitudes are changing, yet patients’ views of these issues may also vary, based on their cultural backgrounds. Conclusions These data, the first to examine how clinicians make decisions about unconventional reproductive arrangements, highlight several critical ethical questions and ambiguities, and variations in clinicians’ responses. While several professional guidelines exist, the current data highlight additional challenges, and have vital implications for improving future guidelines, practice, education and research. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klitzman
- Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive #15, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Reproductive outcomes of familial oocyte donation. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1696-1702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Wyverkens E, Van Parys H, Provoost V, Pennings G, De Sutter P, Buysse A. Sister-to-sister oocyte donation: couples’ experiences with regard to genetic ties. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1167863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bracewell-Milnes T, Saso S, Bora S, Ismail AM, Al-Memar M, Hamed AH, Abdalla H, Thum MY. Investigating psychosocial attitudes, motivations and experiences of oocyte donors, recipients and egg sharers: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:450-65. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Omani Samani R, Mounesan L, Ezabadi Z, Vesali S. Development of A Questionnaire to Measure Attitude toward Oocyte Donation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:387-92. [PMID: 26644863 PMCID: PMC4671380 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, there is no valid and comprehensive questionnaire
that considers attitude toward oocyte donation (OD). Therefore this study has aimed to
design and develop a tool entitled attitude toward donation-oocyte (ATOD-O) to measure
attitude toward OD. Materials and Methods This methodological, qualitative research was undertaken on 15
infertile cases. In addition, we performed a literature review and search of various databases.
Validity of this questionnaire was conducted by knowledgeable experts who determined indices such as relevancy, clarity, and comprehensiveness. Reliability of the questionnaire was
assessed based on the opinions of experts and infertile couples referred to Royan Institute. Results ATOD-O was designed in 52 statements that covered various issues such as the
OD process, donor and recipient characteristics, as well as family, emotional, psychological, legal, religious, and socio-economic dimensions. Results were scored as five points:
1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (somewhat), 4 (agree), and 5 (strongly agree). The
overall relevancy of the questionnaire was 97% and clarity was 96%. Overall comprehensiveness was 100%. Conclusion The findings from this preliminary validation study have indicated that
ATOD-O is a valid measure for measuring and assessing attitude toward donated oocytes.
This questionnaire can be used in studies regarding different groups of a society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Omani Samani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mounesan
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ezabadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Vesali
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Benagiano G, Carrara S, Filippi V. Social and ethical determinants of sexuality: 4. Sexuality and families. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2012; 17:329-39. [PMID: 22974432 DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2012.702810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the evolving relationship between sexuality and family formation. New family units exist today whose impact on society needs to be explored. METHODS For each main area researched (anthropology, biology, sociology, sexology, ethics) we identified articles dealing with family formation, sexuality and reproduction using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google, religious websites and texts. RESULTS The three monotheistic religions and the cultures derived from these have considered sexuality as focused on reproduction. Presently, sexuality has acquired new dimensions, independent from reproduction, as contraception and IVF have separated procreation and sexuality. Thus, the very concept of family has been expanded and so-called 'unusual families' have proved not to be a danger per se for children born and raised within them. CONCLUSIONS Human sexuality has moved away from having a purely reproductive function, but remains a powerful bond keeping families together, irrespective of the gender identity and the biological links of their members. Even among traditional societies, different types of families exist and the situation has become more complex as technical developments have made parenthood possible for people who in the past were excluded from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Benagiano
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Counselling on disclosure of gamete donation to donor offspring:a search for facts. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2012; 4:159-72. [PMID: 24753905 PMCID: PMC3991405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High quality counseling of potential parents is needed in the process of disclosure to donor offspring, which is important for the child and for family relationships. We performed a search for facts to identify the role of counseling in couples undergoing gamete donation. METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo. Studies were included if they reported on counseling in gamete donation. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included. Twelve studies stated that counselling was offered. The reported studies reflected no consensus about when and how counselling in gamete donation should be offered and no theoretical background of the disclosure/ secrecy issue. About 50% of the parents expressed the need for guidance and support of a counsellor. Special concerns were the disclosure issue and the future contact with the donor. Parents did not receive the guidance and support they needed in the disclosure process after treatment. CONCLUSION Empirical knowledge on counselling is lacking. This review demonstrates the need to know more precisely at what moments couples should be counselled, and which specific information and guidelines couples need to receive to be more confident in the disclosure process to donor offspring.
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