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Kovacsy S, Ismer A, Funes J, Hoogewijs M, Wilsher S. Successful vitrification of equine embryos >300 microns without puncture or aspiration. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:815-822. [PMID: 38450769 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine embryos >300 μm require puncture before vitrification. Protocols that do not require pre-puncture would make vitrification easier and allow for its widespread use. OBJECTIVES To design a successful vitrification protocol for embryos >300 μm without puncture as a pre-treatment. STUDY DESIGN Experimental in vivo study. METHODS Thirty-eight embryos were divided into 3 groups (G1: ≤300 μm, n = 11; G2: >300-500 μm, n = 20; G3: >500 μm, n = 7). Embryos were vitrified using a human vitrification kit. Following a 15 min exposure to equilibration solution (ES; 7.5% DMSO +7.5% ethylene glycol [EG] in a base medium [BM] of M199 HEPES-buffered medium [H199] + hydroxypropyl cellulose + gentamycin), embryos were exposed for ≤90 s to a vitrification solution (15% DMSO +15% EG + 0.5 M trelahose in BM), loaded onto a Cryolock and plunged into LN2. Warming was undertaken by plunging the Cryolock tip into 1 mL of H199 + 20% FBS + pen/strep +1 M sucrose at 42°C for 1 min. The embryos were then moved to a 0.5 M sucrose solution for 4 min, then placed in Vigro Hold for 4 min prior to transfer to a recipient. RESULTS Pregnancy rates were 81.8% (9/11) for G1, 80% (16/20) for G2, and 0% (0/7) for G3. The largest embryo to survive was 480 μm. MAIN LIMITATIONS Limited numbers and only one pregnancy was followed to term. CONCLUSIONS Equine embryos ≤480 μm can be successfully vitrified using a protocol with a longer exposure time to the ES. This does not appear to have a negative effect on early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Ismer
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Sharjah, UAE
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Ma Y, Sun M, Wen T, Ding C, Liu LW, Meng T, Song J, Hou X, Mai Q, Xu Y. Storage time does not influence pregnancy and neonatal outcomes for first single vitrified high-quality blastocyst transfer cycle. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 47:103254. [PMID: 37524030 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does blastocyst storage time have an impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following the first single vitrified/warmed high-quality blastocyst transfer cycle for young women? DESIGN Retrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated reproductive medical centre. RESULTS A total of 2938 patients undergoing their first frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle with a single high-quality blastocyst (Day 5: 3BB and above; Day 6: 4BB and above) transferred were divided into five groups: Group A with storage time ≤3 months (n = 1621), Group B with storage time of 4-6 months (n = 657), Group C with storage time of 7-12 months (n = 225), Group D with storage time of 13-24 months (n = 104), and Group E with storage time of 25-98 months (n = 331). After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression, there were no significant differences in live birth rate [Group A as reference; Group B: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.954 (95% CI 0.791- 1.151); Group C: aOR 0.905 (95% CI 0.674-1.214); Group D: aOR 0.727 (95% CI 0.474-1.114); Group E: aOR 1.185 (955 CI 0.873-1.608)], β-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate between Group A and the other groups. Among all singletons born after FET, there were no significant differences with regards to gestational age, preterm birth, birthweight, low birthweight, high birthweight and macrosomia. CONCLUSION Long-term cryostorage of human vitrified high-quality blastocysts does not affect pregnancy or neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrui Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok-Wan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Song
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Hou
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrical and Gynaecological Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Parihar A, Kumar A, Panda U, Khan R, Parihar DS, Khan R. Cryopreservation: A Comprehensive Overview, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200285. [PMID: 36755194 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most prevalent method of long-term cell preservation. Effective cell cryopreservation depends on freezing, adequate storage, and correct thawing techniques. Recent advances in cryopreservation techniques minimize the cellular damage which occurs while processing samples. This article focuses on the fundamentals of cryopreservation techniques and how they can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings. The article presents a brief description of each of the standard cryopreservation procedures, such as slow freezing and vitrification. Alongside that, the membrane permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotectants are briefly discussed, along with current advancements in the field of cryopreservation and variables influencing the cryopreservation process. The diminution of cryoinjury incurred by the cell via the resuscitation process will also be highlighted. In the end application of cryopreservation techniques in many fields, with a special emphasis on stem cell preservation techniques and current advancements presented. Furthermore, the challenges while implementing cryopreservation and the futuristic scope of the fields are illustrated herein. The content of this review sheds light on various ways to enhance the output of the cell preservation process and minimize cryoinjury while improving cell revival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Rukhsar Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | | | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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Yan G, Yao Y, Yang W, Lu L, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhao S. An all-37 °C thawing method improves the clinical outcomes of vitrified frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective study using a case-control matching analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:1991-1999. [PMID: 37041370 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of different temperatures and incubation times on the clinical outcomes of FET cycles during the thawing procedure and to select a better thawing method to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study included 1734 FET cycles from January 1, 2020, to January 30, 2022. Embryos vitrified using a KITAZATO Vitrification Kit were thawed at 37 °C in all steps (the case group, denoted the "all-37 °C" group) or at 37 °C and then at room temperature (RT; the control group, denoted the "37 °C-RT" group), according to the kit instructions. The groups were matched 1:1 to avoid confounding. RESULTS After case-control matching, 366 all-37 °C cycles and 366 37 °C-RT cycles were included. The baseline characteristics were similar (all P > 0.05) between the two groups after matching. FET of the all-37 °C group yielded a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR; P = 0.009) and implantation rate (IR; P = 0.019) than FET of the 37 °C-RT group. For blastocyst transfers, the CPR (P = 0.019) and IR (P = 0.025) were significantly higher in the all-37 °C group than in the 37 °C-RT group. For D3-embryo transfers, the CPR and IR were non-significantly higher in the all-37 °C group than in the 37 °C-RT group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thawing vitrified embryos at 37 °C in all steps with shortening wash time can enhance CPR and IR in FET cycles. Well-designed prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of the all-37 °C thawing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Youlin Yao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Longda Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Bolton VN, Hayden C, Robinson M, Abdo D, Pericleous-Smith A. Human oocyte cryopreservation: revised evidence for practice. HUM FERTIL 2023:1-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Chatzimeletiou K, Petrogiannis N, Sioga A, Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa M, Patrikiou A, Filippa M, Zervakakou G, Papanikolaou K, Makedos A, Kolibianakis E, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis G. The human embryo following biopsy on day 5 vs day 3: viability, ultrastructure and spindle / chromosomes configurations. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:219-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Enhancing in vitro oocyte maturation competence and embryo development in farm animals: roles of vitamin-based antioxidants – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oocyte/embryo in vitro culture is one of the most important assisted reproductive technologies used as a tool for maintaining genetic resources biodiversity and the inheritance of valuable genetic resources through generations. The success of such processes affects the final goal of the in vitro culture, getting viable and healthy offspring. In common in vitro oocyte maturation and/or embryo development techniques, the development of oocytes/embryos is carried out at 5% carbon dioxide and roughly 20% atmosphere-borne oxygen ratios in cell culture incubators due to their reduced cost in comparison with low atmospheric oxygen-tension incubators. These conditions are usually accompanying by the emergence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can extremely damage cell membrane integrity and other vital cellular organelles, as well as genetic material. The present review mainly focuses on the antioxidant roles of different vitamins on in vitro oocyte maturation competence and embryo development in farm animals. Because, the conditions of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) are usually accompanying by the emergence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can extremely damage cell membrane integrity and other vital cellular organelles as well as genetic material. The use of antioxidant agents may prevent the extreme augmentation of ROS generation and enhance in vitro matured oocyte competence and embryo development. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an updated outline of the impact of antioxidant vitamin (Vit) supplementations during in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) on oocyte maturation and consequent embryo development, in various domestic animal species. Thus, the enrichment of the culture media with antioxidant agents may prevent and neutralize the extreme augmentation of ROS generation and enhance the in vitro embryo production (IVEP) outcomes.
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The Evolution of the Cryopreservation Techniques in Reproductive Medicine—Exploring the Character of the Vitrified State Intra- and Extracellularly to Better Understand Cell Survival after Cryopreservation. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is a fundamental, integral, and indispensable part of infertility treatment or fertility preservation. Cryopreservation is not only needed for the policy of single embryo transfer and cryopreservation of surplus embryos, but for deferring embryo transfer in the case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, uterine pathologies, and suboptimal endometrium built-up or when preimplantation genetic testing is needed. Several current strategies in assisted reproduction technology (ART) would be inconceivable without highly efficient cryopreservation protocols. Nevertheless, cryopreservation hampered for a long time, especially in terms of low survival rates after freezing and thawing. Only the technical progress during the last decades, namely, in regard to the implementation and advancement of vitrification, leveraged its application, and thus, even allows the cryopreservation of human oocytes—a process that is far from being easy. This review aims to provide a deeper insight into the physical processes of cryopreservation and to explore the character of the vitrified state in the extra and intracellular milieu in order to demonstrate that the common denominator to all cryopreservation procedures is the establishment of an intracellular amorphous condition that hinders the likelihood of crystallization.
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Nagy ZP, Shapiro D, Chang CC. Vitrification of the human embryo: a more efficient and safer in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:241-247. [PMID: 32106970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has become a central pillar in assisted reproduction, reflected in the exponential increase of "freeze all" cycles in the past few years. Vitrification makes it possible to cool and warm human eggs and embryos with far less cryo-damage than 'slow-freeze' and allows nearly intact survival of embryos with very high survival rates for eggs as well. This has resulted in a complete transformation how we manage treatment for in vitro fertilization patients. Fresh transfers can be avoided without compromising outcomes, and in fact, cumulative pregnancy/delivery rates may be improved by performing sequential elective "frozen" single embryo transfers. Some recent evidence suggests that previously vitrified embryos give better perinatal outcomes than fresh embryo transfers. Frozen embryo transfer, especially when coupled with preimplantation genetic testing allows for highly efficient single embryo transfers that translate to more singleton and therefore safer pregnancies, as well as healthier babies. Additionally, vitrification has also opened new options for patients, most notably fertility preservation (through oocyte cryopreservation), and donor egg banking.
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Parmegiani L, Vajta G. Use of Frozen Embryo Transfer During Fertility Treatment and Risk of Childhood Cancer. JAMA 2020; 323:1505. [PMID: 32315053 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Human oocytes and zygotes are ready for ultra-fast vitrification after 2 minutes of exposure to standard CPA solutions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15986. [PMID: 31690725 PMCID: PMC6831692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of human oocytes and embryos in different stages of development is a key element of daily clinical practice of in vitro fertilization treatments. Despite the cooling and warming of the cells is ultra-fast, the procedure as a whole is time consuming. Most of the duration is employed in a long (8–15 minutes), gradual or direct exposure to a non-vitrifying cryoprotectant solution, which is followed by a short exposure to a more concentrated vitrifying solution. A reduction in the duration of the protocols is desirable to improve the workflow in the IVF setting and reduce the time of exposure to suboptimal temperature and osmolarity, as well as potentially toxic cryoprotectants. In this work it is shown that this reduction is feasible. In silico (MatLab program using two-parameter permeability model) and in vitro observations of the oocytes’ osmotic behaviour indicate that the dehydration upon exposure to standard cryoprotectant solutions occurs very fast: the point of minimum volume of the shrink-swell curve is reached within 60 seconds. At that point, intracellular water ejection is complete, which coupled with the permeation of low molecular weight cryoprotectants results in similar intracellular and extracellular solute concentrations. This shows that prolonging the exposure to the cryoprotectant solutions does not improve the cytosolic glass forming tendency and could be avoided. To test this finding, human oocytes and zygotes that were donated for research were subjected to a shortened, dehydration-based protocol, consisting of two consecutive exposures of one-minute to two standard cryoprotectant solutions, containing ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and sucrose. At the end of this two-minute dehydration protocol, the critical intracellular solute concentration necessary for successful vitrification was attained, confirmed by the post-warming survival and ability to resume cytokinesis of the cells. Further studies of the developmental competency of oocytes and embryos would be necessary to determine the suitability of this specific dehydration protocol for clinical practice, but based on our results, short times of exposure to increasingly hypertonic solutions could be a more time-efficient strategy to prepare human oocytes and embryos for vitrification.
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Capodanno F, Daolio J, De Feo G, Falbo A, Morini D, Nicoli A, Braglia L, Villani M, La Sala GB, Parmegiani L, Aguzzoli L. A monocentric analysis of the efficacy of extracellular cryoprotectants in unfrozen solutions for cleavage stage embryos. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:84. [PMID: 31656205 PMCID: PMC6815413 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of international guidelines indicating the usage of vitrification rather than slow-freezing, the study aim was to analyze a large cohort of slow-frozen/thawed embryos to produce a rationale supporting the standardization of IVF cryopreservation policy. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 4779 cleavage stage embryos cryopreserved by slow-freezing/thawing from September 2009 to April 2017 at a single Center. Biological and clinical outcomes of three different commercial kits adopted sequentially, i.e. Vitrolife Cleave Kit® from Vitrolife (kit 1) vs. K-SICS-5000 Kit® and K-SITS-5000 Kit® from Cook Medical (kit 2) and Freeze/Thaw 1™ Kit® from Vitrolife (kit 3) were collected and compared in the light of cryoprotectants composition. RESULTS Kit 3 compared to kit 1 and kit 2 showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher embryo survival (79.9% vs. 75.6 and 68.1%, respectively) and frozen embryo replacement (91.5% vs. 86.5 and 83.3%, respectively) rates, and significantly (P < 0.001) lower blastomere degeneration rate (41.5% vs. 43.6 and 52.4%, respectively). No significant difference for clinical outcomes was observed among kits. Only a slight positive trend was observed for kit 3 vs. kit 1 and kit 2 on delivery rate per thawing cycle (7.12% vs. 4.19 and 4.51%, respectively; P < 0.058) and live birth rate (3.07% vs. 2.59 and 1.93%, respectively, P < 0.069). Thawing solutions of kit 3 were similar to those of any warming protocol. CONCLUSIONS A defined concentration of extracellular cryoprotectants in thawing/warming solutions had a beneficial effect on the embryo cryosurvival rate. Results could provide the rationale for the adoption of a single standardized warming protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Capodanno
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jessica Daolio
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Feo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angela Falbo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- Research and Statistics Infrastructure, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - MariaTeresa Villani
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B. La Sala
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lodovico Parmegiani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, GynePro Medical Centers and NextClinics International, Via Tranquillo Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Aguzzoli
- Center of Reproductive Medicine “P. Bertocchi”, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Cai H, Niringiyumukiza JD, Li Y, Lai Q, Jia Y, Su P, Xiang W. Open versus closed vitrification system of human oocytes and embryos: a systematic review and meta-analysis of embryologic and clinical outcomes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:123. [PMID: 30522492 PMCID: PMC6284284 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of embryologic and clinical outcomes following open versus closed vitrification of human oocytes and embryos. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted in main electronic databases up to June 30, 2018 using the following key terms: 'oocyte', 'embryo', 'blastocyst', 'vitrification', 'cryopreservation', 'device', 'survival rate', 'pregnancy rate', etc. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model to estimate the value of risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were carried out to further confirm the results. RESULTS Twelve (Eight prospective and four retrospective) studies comparing open versus closed vitrification of human oocytes or embryos were included. For prospective studies on oocytes, no evidence for a significant difference in cryosurvival rate (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80-1.03, P = 0.14; n = 2048) or clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.80-2.06, P = 0.30; n = 150) was observed. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the two methods concerning secondary endpoints included positive βHCG rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate, cancellation rate, babies born per transferred blastocysts, or multiple birth rate (P > 0.05). The results of the retrospective studies were similar as the prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS It is still impossible to conclude that closed vitrification system could be a substitution for open system in human oocyte and embryo cryopreservation based on current evidence. Therefore, more well-designed prospective studies addressing these issues are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Cai
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jean Damascene Niringiyumukiza
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaohong Lai
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yinzhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Su
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Serdarogullari M, Coban O, Boynukalin FK, Bilgin EM, Findikli N, Bahceci M. Successful application of a single warming protocol for embryos cryopreserved by either slow freezing or vitrification techniques. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 65:12-19. [PMID: 29952660 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1487477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using a sucrose gradient-based warming protocol as a universal warming approach on human cleavage stage embryos. Between January 2013 and November 2014, a total of 118 warming cycles were performed on 705 embryos which had previously been cryopreserved/thawed by slow freezing protocols or cryopreserved by slow freezing and warmed by vitrification thaw solution. Clinical outcomes have been retrospectively analyzed depending on cryopreservation and warming techniques used, embryo viability, day of cryopreservation, clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rate. Results indicate that, the use of the vitrification warming protocol for warming after slow freezing results in comparable post-warming survival (71.6% and 71.1%; p = 0.890). Higher clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates were obtained in the cryopreserved embryos by slow freezing and warmed by vitrification group in comparison to the cryopreserved/thawed by slow freezing protocols group but the results did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). These results indicate that such an approach can eliminate the need to search for a brand-dependent product, as well as case-dependent hands-on planning. Further research that evaluates the effectiveness of this approach on a larger case series is underway. Abbreviations: CPA: concentrated cryoprotective agent; COH: controlled ovarian stimulation; FET: frozen embryo transfer; HSG: hysterosalpingogram; mHTF: modified human tubal medium; SSM: single step media; SSS: synthetic serum substitute; TV-USG: transvaginal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Serdarogullari
- a Embryology Laboratory , British Cyprus IVF Hospital , Nicosia , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Onder Coban
- a Embryology Laboratory , British Cyprus IVF Hospital , Nicosia , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | | | - Ekrem Murat Bilgin
- c Reproductive Medicine , British Cyprus IVF Hospital , Nicosia , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Necati Findikli
- d Embryology Laboratory , Bahceci Fulya IVF Centre , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bahceci
- b Reproductive Medicine , Bahceci Fulya IVF Centre , Istanbul , Turkey
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15
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Abdel-Halim BR, Helmy NA. Effect of nano-selenium and nano-zinc particles during in vitro maturation on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of supplemental nano-selenium (NSe) and nano-zinc oxide (NZn-O) particles during in vitro maturation (IVM) on DNA damage of cumulus cells, glutathione (GSH) concentration in bovine oocytes, subsequent embryo development and re-expansion rate of vitrified warmed blastocysts. The current study was conducted on bovine ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory in sterile phosphate buffer saline with antibiotics at 37°C, within 1 h after slaughter. Ovaries were pooled, regardless of stage of the oestrous cycle of the donor. Only cumulus-intact complexes with evenly granulated cytoplasm were selected for IVM. Experimental design included the following: Experiment 1 studied the effect of addition of 1.0 µg/mL NSe or NZn-O to IVM medium on DNA damage of cumulus cells; Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of NSe or NZn-O on intracellular glutathione in oocytes and cumulus cells; in Experiment 3, the development of oocytes matured in IVM medium supplemented with 1.0 µg/mL NSe or NZn-O was investigated; and in Experiment 4, the effects of adding 1.0 µg/mL NSe and NZn-O to in vitro fertilisation media on vitrified oocytes and embryos were investigated. The DNA damage in cumulus cells decreased with supplemental NSe and NZn-O at concentration of 1 µg/mL in the IVM medium (180.2 ± 21.4, 55.8 ± 4.3 and 56.6 ± 3.9 for the control and NSe and NZn-O groups respectively). Total GSH concentrations increased following supplementation with 1 µg/mL NSe and 1 µg/mL NZn-O, compared with the control group. Re-expansion rate of vitrified warmed blastocysts in experimental media containing NSe and NZn-O with ethylene glycol was higher than that of the control. In conclusion, providing NSe and NZn-O during oocyte maturation significantly increased both intracellular GSH concentration and DNA integrity of cumulus cells. Optimal embryo development was partially dependent on the presence of NSe and NZn-O during IVM. NSe and NZn-O during oocyte maturation act as a good cryoprotective agents of vitrified, warmed blastocysts.
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Kasapi E, Asimakopoulos B, Chatzimeletiou K, Petousis S, Panagiotidis Y, Prapas N, Nikolettos N. Vitrification of Human Germinal Vesicle Oocytes: before or after In Vitro Maturation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:85-92. [PMID: 28670425 PMCID: PMC5347455 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of immature oocytes derived from stimulated cycles could be of great importance, particularly for urgent fertility preservation cases. The current study aimed to determine whether in vitro maturation (IVM) was more successful before or after vitrification of these oocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was performed in a private in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. We collected 318 germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes from 104 stimulated oocyte donation cycles. Oocytes were divided into two groups according to whether vitrification was applied at the GV stage (group 1) or in vitro matured to the metaphase II (MII) stage and then vitrified (group 2). In the control group (group 3), oocytes were in vitro matured without vitrification. In all three groups, we assessed survival rate after warming, maturation rate, and MII-spindle/chromosome configurations. The chi-square test was used to compare rates between the three groups. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05 and we used Bonferroni criterion to assess statistical significance regarding the various pairs of groups. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the survival rate after vitrification and warming of GV (93.5%) and MII oocytes (90.8%). A significantly higher maturation rate occurred when IVM was performed before vitrification (82.9%) compared to after vitrification (51%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of normal spindle/ chromosome configurations among warmed oocytes matured in vitro before (50.0%) or after (41.2%) vitrification. However, a higher incidence of normal spindle/chromosome configurations existed in the in vitro matured oocytes which were not subjected to vitrification (fresh oocytes, 77.9%). CONCLUSION In stimulated cycles, vitrification of in vitro matured MII oocytes rather than GV oocytes seems to be more efficient. This approach needs to be verified in nonstimulated fertility preservation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kasapi
- Iakentro Fertility Centre, IVF Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences,
Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Byron Asimakopoulos
- Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences,
Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Katerina Chatzimeletiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 1st
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikos Prapas
- Iakentro Fertility Centre, IVF Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Tonus C, Connan D, Waroux O, Vandenhove B, Wayet J, Gillet L, Desmecht D, Antoine N, Ectors F, Grobet L. Cryopreservation of chicken primordial germ cells by vitrification and slow freezing: A comparative study. Theriogenology 2017; 88:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Gallardo M, Hebles M, Migueles B, Dorado M, Aguilera L, González M, Piqueras P, Lucas A, Montero L, Sánchez-Martín P, Sánchez-Martín F, Risco R. Hydroxypropyl cellulose supplementation in vitrification solutions: a prospective study with donor oocytes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:417-422. [PMID: 28028772 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a polysaccharide that forms a viscous gel under low temperatures, is a promising substitute of the blood-derived macromolecules traditionally used in cryopreservation solutions. The performance of a protein-free, fully synthetic set of vitrification and warming solutions was assessed in a matched pair analysis with donor oocytes. METHODS A prospective study including 219 donor MII oocytes was carried out, comparing the laboratory outcomes of oocytes vitrified with HPC-based solutions and their fresh counterparts. The primary performance endpoint was the fertilization rate. Secondary parameters assessed were embryo quality on days 2 and 3. RESULTS 70/73 (95.9%) vitrified MII oocytes exhibited morphologic survival 2 h post-warming, with 49 (70.0%) presented normal fertilization, compared to 105 of 146 (71.9%) MII fresh oocytes. Similar embryo quality was observed in both groups. A total of 18 embryos implanted, out of 38 embryos transferred (47.3%), resulting in 13 newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallardo
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain.,Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - María Hebles
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Migueles
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Dorado
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Aguilera
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes González
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Piqueras
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucas
- Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Lorena Montero
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramón Risco
- Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain. .,National Accelerators Centre, Calle Thomas Alva Edison, 7, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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19
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Abstract
Vitrification is widely used to cryopreserve supernumerary embryos following in vitro fertilization (IVF). The mouse model was used to investigate the effects of vitrification on blastomere viability, using viability markers, and on the cytoskeleton, by analysing spindle/chromosome configurations, using confocal scanning microscopy. Ninety cleavage and morula stage dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)/EG vitrified mouse embryos were either processed immediately following warming for viability assessment by labelling with the fluorescent markers carboxyfluorescein-diacetate succinimidylester (CFSE) and propidium iodide (PI) or were cultured to the blastocyst stage and immunostained with α-tubulin antibody to visualize microtubules and DAPI or PI to visualize DNA. Sixty-five fresh embryos were also used as the control. Vitrified embryos showed high survival rates following warming, but they had a higher incidence of damaged blastomeres compared with fresh embryos. Most mitotic spindles examined in all groups were normal, but multivariable analysis revealed that the proportion of abnormal spindles was significantly higher in vitrified/warmed embryos (P < 0.05). This study is the first to examine the immediate effects of vitrification on blastomere viability, using fluorescent markers and shows that although vitrification results in a higher incidence of damaged blastomeres, vitrified embryos may compensate for this limited number of damaged/abnormal cells, as development to the blastocyst stage was not compromised.
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20
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Abdel-Gawa E, Abdel-Hali B, Helmy N, Badr A. Effect of Cryoprotective Solutions, Ethylene Glycol, Dimethyle-sulfoxide and Ficoll 70 with Different Combination Ratios on Vitrification of Bovine Oocytes and Embryos Produced in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.608.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Liu FF, Escher BI, Were S, Duffy L, Ng JC. Mixture Effects of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) on Lung Carcinoma Cells via a Hanging Drop Air Exposure System. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:952-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faye F. Liu
- National
Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Beate I. Escher
- National
Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Stephen Were
- Department
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct (DAFF), 39 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Lesley Duffy
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Jack C. Ng
- National
Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Parmegiani L, Tatone C, Cognigni GE, Bernardi S, Troilo E, Arnone A, Maccarini AM, Di Emidio G, Vitti M, Filicori M. Rapid warming increases survival of slow-frozen sibling oocytes: a step towards a single warming procedure irrespective of the freezing protocol? Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:614-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Zhou Y, Fu X, Zhou G, Jia B, Fang Y, Hou Y, Zhu S. An efficient method for the sanitary vitrification of bovine oocytes in straws. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:19. [PMID: 24721129 PMCID: PMC4012761 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, vitrification has been widely applied to humans, mice and farm animals. To improve the efficiency of vitrification in straw, bovine oocytes were used to test a new two-step vitrification method in this study. Results When in vitro matured oocytes were exposed to 20% ethylene glycol (EG20) for 5 min and 40% ethylene glycol (EG40) for 30 s, followed by treatment with 30% glycerol (Gly30), Gly40 or Gly50, a volume expansion was observed in Gly30 and Gly40 but not Gly50. This indicates that the intracellular osmotic pressure after a 30 s differs between EG40 and ranged between Gly40 (approximately 5.6 mol/L) and Gly50 (approximately 7.0 mol/L). Since oocytes are in EG40 just for only a short period of time (30 s) and at a lower temperature (4°C), we hypothesize that the main function of this step in to induce dehydration. Based on these results, we omitted the EG40 step, before oocytes were pretreated in EG20 for 5 min, exposed to pre-cooled (4°C) Gly50, for 30 s, and then dipped into liquid nitrogen. After warming, 81.1% of the oocytes survived, and the surviving oocytes developed into cleavage stage embryos (63.5%) or blastocysts (20.0%) after parthenogenetic activation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that in a two-step vitrification procedure, the permeability effect in the second step is not necessary. It is possible that the second step is only required to provide adequate osmotic pressure to condense the intracellular concentration of CPAs to a level required for successful vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (Chengdu Campus), Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Shien Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Wirleitner B, Vanderzwalmen P, Bach M, Baramsai B, Neyer A, Schwerda D, Schuff M, Spitzer D, Stecher A, Zintz M, Zech NH. The time aspect in storing vitrified blastocysts: its impact on survival rate, implantation potential and babies born. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2950-7. [PMID: 24030587 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the storage time of vitrified human blastocysts negatively impact their survival, the implantation potential of embryos or the malformation rate of babies born? SUMMARY ANSWER There was no evidence that storage times of up to 6 years after vitrification (VIT) had a negative impact on blastocyst survival, the implantation potential of embryos or the malformation rate of babies born. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although several thousand children have been born after blastocyst VIT, many aspects of this technique remain to be elucidated. New applications, such as fertility preservation, lead to long storage times of vitrified gametes or embryos but it remains to be determined if these vitrified embryos are stable over time. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective study including 603 transfers was conducted between January 2009 and April 2012. Blastocysts were vitrified using a closed system. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All patients underwent the transfer of aseptically vitrified/warmed blastocysts in a cryo-cycle. A total of 1077 blastocysts were transferred. Survival rates (SRs), implantation potential, birth rates and characteristics of the children born were evaluated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that the storage of vitrified blastocysts in aseptic conditions neither impaired blastocyst viability (SR after warming during the first year of storage was 83.0% compared with 83.1% after 5-6 years of storage: NS) nor decreased pregnancy rates (clinical pregnancy rate after 1 year of storage was 40.0 versus 38.5% after 6 years: NS). In addition, no increase in the malformation rate over time was observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study only included the transfer of blastocysts which had been vitrified aseptically (i.e. using a closed system). Therefore, our results might not be applicable to 'open' VIT systems. The long-term follow-up of children born will be necessary to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results suggest that vitrified human blastocysts can be stored for long periods of time without significant negative consequences for the offspring. Therefore, the method should be of benefit to those patients who need to consider taking measures for fertility preservation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was sought for this study and the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wirleitner
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech - Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
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