1
|
Shu W, Wang Y, Deji Z, Li C, Chen C, Ding W, Du P, Wang X. Infliximab modifies CD74-mediated lymphatic abnormalities and adipose tissue alterations in creeping fat of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1157-1172. [PMID: 38713235 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic abnormalities are essential for pathophysiologic changes of creeping fat (CrF) in Crohn's disease (CD). Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy has been proved to alleviate CrF lesions, however, whether it achieves these by remodeling lymphatics is unknown. METHODS CD74 expression was detected in CrF and uninvolved mesentery of CD patients. Lymphatic functions in vitro were evaluated and lymphatic endothelium barrier were checked by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-Dextran permeability. Protein level of tight junction and signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. RESULTS CD74 was upregulated in LECs of CrF and positively correlated with TNF-α synthesis. This was suppressed by IFX administration. In vitro, TNF-α stimulated LECs to express CD74 through NF-κB signaling pathway, and this was rescued by IFX. CD74 downregulation suppressed the abilities of LECs in proliferation, migration and tube formation. Interaction of CD74-MIF impaired LECs' barrier via reducing tight junction proteins in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, which was reversed by CD74 downregulation. Consistently, the CD patients receiving IFX therapy displayed decreased lymphangiogenesis and improved mesenteric lymphatic endothelium barrier, companied with reduced adipocyte size and adipokine levels in CrF. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF therapy could modify pathological changes in CrF by alleviating CD74-mediated lymphatic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhuoma Deji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chuanding Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou YW, Ren Y, Lu MM, Xu LL, Cheng WX, Zhang MM, Ding LP, Chen D, Gao JG, Du J, Jin CL, Chen CX, Li YF, Cheng T, Jiang PL, Yang YD, Qian PX, Xu PF, Jin X. Crohn's disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction: An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:34-49. [PMID: 38293325 PMCID: PMC10823898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by immune, environmental, and genetic factors. It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear. Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD; however, a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs. To achieve a breakthrough in this field, innovations that could guide the further development of effective therapies are of utmost urgency. In this review, we first propose the innovative concept of pan-lymphatic dysfunction for the general distribution of lymphatic dysfunction in various diseases, and suggest that CD is the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction based on basic and clinical preliminary data. The supporting evidence is fully summarized, including the existence of lymphatic system dysfunction, recognition of the inside-out model, disorders of immune cells, changes in cell plasticity, partial overlap of the underlying mechanisms, and common gut-derived fatty and bile acid metabolism. Another benefit of this novel concept is that it proposes adopting the zebrafish model for studying intestinal diseases, especially CD, as this model is good at presenting and mimicking lymphatic dysfunction. More importantly, the ensuing focus on improving lymphatic function may lead to novel and promising therapeutic strategies for CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lu
- Endoscopy Center, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Ping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ci-Liang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Lei Jiang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Da Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Xu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aggeletopoulou I, Tsounis EP, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease-Surgical, Histological, and Radiological Approaches. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1029. [PMID: 37511642 PMCID: PMC10381426 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of Crohn's disease, the response of mesenteric adipose tissue to the production of inflammatory mediators and bacterial invasion through the intestinal mucosa results in the formation of creeping fat. Creeping fat describes the arresting finger-like projections that surround the inflamed bowel. In this review, the microscopic and macroscopic features of creeping fat and histological evidence for the importance of this tissue are discussed. Moreover, the most recent insights into the radiological assessment of creeping fat in patients with Crohn's disease are reported. Advances in imaging techniques have revolutionized the possibility of visualization and quantification of adipose tissue depots with excellent accuracy. Visceral fat has been significantly correlated with various Crohn's-disease-related outcomes. Despite the difficulties in distinguishing physiologic perienteric fat from creeping fat, the growing interest in fat-wrapping in Crohn's disease has rejuvenated radiologic research. With regard to the noninvasive fat-wrapping assessment, a novel CT enterography-based mesenteric creeping fat index has been developed for the mitigation of the confounding effect of normal retroperitoneal and perienteric adipose tissue. Research on machine learning algorithms and computational radiomics in conjunction with mechanistic studies may be the key for the elucidation of the complex role of creeping fat in Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Efthymios P. Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shu W, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang L, Zhuoma D, Yang P, Yan G, Chen C, Ba Y, Du P, Wang X. Single-cell Expression Atlas Reveals Cell Heterogeneity in the Creeping Fat of Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:850-865. [PMID: 36715181 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creeping fat (CrF) has been recognized to play a positive role in Crohn's disease (CD) progression, yet the cellular compositions within mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and their potential mechanism in CrF formation are poorly understood. METHODS Analysis of 10X single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 67 064 cells from 3 pairs of surgically resected samples of CrF and their uninvolved MAT. The results were validated in another cohort with 6 paired MAT samples by immunofluorescence. RESULTS All samples manifested excellent consistency and repeatability in our study, and 10 cell types from the transcriptome atlas, including 20 clusters, were identified. In CrF, a specific vascular endothelial cell subpopulation highly expressing lipoprotein lipase was first identified, with a significantly increased proportion. This vascular endothelial cell subpopulation manifested robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcription activity and an upregulated PPAR signaling pathway and was involved in lipid metabolism and the antibacterial response. A novel fibroblast subpopulation (FC3) with remarkable GREM1 and RFLNB expression was identified and validated to predominantly accumulate in the CrF. The FC3 was annotated as inflammation-associated fibroblasts, which are characterized by inflammatory responses and the regulation of Smad phosphorylation related to intestinal fibrosis. The trajectory of fibroblasts revealed their pro-inflammatory and profibrotic conversion tendency during CrF formation with corresponding gene dynamics. Additionally, we unprecedently dissected the different origins and functions of 6 macrophage subclusters within the myeloid compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover the cellular heterogeneity in the MAT of CD and the role of these various cellular compositions in CrF development. This comprehensive understanding of CrF provides future directions for in-depth research on and potential targets for MAT-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chuanding Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deji Zhuoma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yongbing Ba
- OE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin Y, Xie Y, Ge W, Li Y. Creeping fat formation and interaction with intestinal disease in Crohn's disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:1077-1084. [PMID: 36507842 PMCID: PMC9752293 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping fat (CrF), also known as fat wrapping, is a significant disease characteristic of Crohn's disease (CD). The transmural inflammation impairs intestinal integrity and facilitates bacteria translocation, aggravating immune response. CrF is a rich source of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines with complex immune microenvironment. The inflamed and stricturing intestine is often wrapped by CrF, and CrF is associated with greater severity of CD. The large amount of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as adipocytes in CrF promote fibrosis in the affected intestine by secreting large amount of pro-fibrotic cytokines, adipokines, growth factors and fatty acids. CrF is a potential therapeutic target for CD treatment and a promising bio-marker for predicting response to drug therapy. This review aims to summarize and update the clinical manifestation and application of CrF and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General SurgeryJinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis Construction in Obese Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65:e782-e789. [PMID: 34958050 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients are traditionally considered difficult pouch candidates because of the potential for intraoperative technical difficulty and increased postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of obese versus nonobese patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing an IPAA. DESIGN This is a retrospectively, propensity score-matched, prospectively collected cohort study. SETTING This study was conducted at an IBD quaternary referral center. PATIENTS Patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing IPAA (1990-2018) were included. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary measures included 30-day complications, long-term anastomotic leak, and pouch failure rate (excision, permanent diversion, revision). RESULTS Of 3300 patients, 631 (19.1%) were obese (median BMI = 32.4 kg/m 2 ). On univariate analysis, obese patients were more likely to be >50 years old (32.5% versus 22.7%, p < 0.001), ASA class 3 (41.7% versus 27.7%, p < 0.001), have diabetes (8.1% versus 3.3%, p < 0.001), and have had surgery in the biologic era (72.4% versus 66.2%, p = 0.003); they were less likely to have received preoperative steroids (31.2% versus 37.4%, p = 0.004). After a median follow-up of 7 years, 66.7% had completed at least 1 quality-of-life survey. Pouch survival in the matched sample was 99.2% (99.8% nonobese versus 95.4% obese, p = 0.002). After matching and controlling for confounding variables, worse clinical outcomes associated with obesity included global quality of life (relative risk, -0.71; p = 0.002) and long-term pouch failure (HR, 4.24; p = 0.007). Obesity was also independently associated with an additional 27 minutes of operating time ( p < 0.001). There was no association of obesity with the likelihood of developing a postoperative complication, length of stay, or pouch leak. CONCLUSION Restorative ileoanal pouch surgery in obese patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with a relatively decreased quality of life and increased risk of long-term pouch failure compared with nonobese patients. Obese patients may benefit from focused counseling about these risks before undergoing restorative pouch surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B873 . RESULTADOS A CORTO Y LARGO PLAZO EN LA REALIZACIN DEL RESERVORIO ILEAL EN PACIENTES OBESOS CON COLITIS ULCEROSA ANTECEDENTES:Habitualmente se considera a los obesos como pacientes difíciles para la realización de un reservorio ileal, debido a su alta probabilidad de presentar dificultades técnicas intraoperatoria y aumento de las complicaciones posoperatorias.OBJETIVO:El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los resultados de pacientes con colitis ulcerosa obesos versus no obesos sometidos a un reservorio ileal y anastomosis anal (IPAA).DISEÑO:Este es un estudio de cohorte recopilado prospectivamente, retrospectivo, emparejado por puntajes de propensión.AJUSTE:Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un centro de referencia de cuarto nivel para enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes con colitis ulcerosa sometidos a un reservorio ileal y anastomosis anal (1990-2018). Obesidad definida como un IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2.PRINCIPALES RESULTADO MEDIDOS:Los principales resultados medidos incluyeron complicaciones a los 30 días, fuga anastomótica a largo plazo y tasa de falla del reservorio ileal (escisión, derivación permanente, revisión).RESULTADOS:De 3.300 pacientes, 631 (19,1%) eran obesos (mediana de IMC = 32,4 kg/m2). En el análisis univariado, los pacientes obesos tenían más probabilidades de ser > 50 años (32,5% frente a 22,7%, p < 0,001), clase ASA 3 (41,7% frente a 27,7%, p < 0,001), tener diabetes (8,1% frente a 3,3%, p < 0,001), haberse sometido a cirugía en la era biológica (72,4% frente a 66,2%, p = 0,003), y tenían menos probabilidades de haber recibido esteroides preoperatorios (31,2% frente a 37,4%, p = 0,004). Después de una mediana de seguimiento de 7 años, el 66,7% había completado al menos una encuesta de calidad de vida. La supervivencia de la bolsa en la muestra emparejada fue del 99,2% (99,8% no obesos versus 95,4% obesos, p = 0,002). Después de emparejar y controlar las variables de confusión, los peores resultados clínicos asociados con la obesidad incluyeron la calidad de vida global (RR = -0,71, p = 0,002) y el fracaso de la bolsa a largo plazo (HR = 4,24, p = 0,007). La obesidad también se asoció de forma independiente con 27 minutos adicionales de tiempo quirúrgico ( p < 0,001). No hubo asociación de la obesidad con la probabilidad de desarrollar una complicación posoperatoria, la duración de la estadía o la fuga de la bolsa.CONCLUSIÓNES:La cirugía restauradora del reservorio ileoanal en pacientes obesos con colitis ulcerosa se asocia a una disminución relativa de la calidad de vida y un mayor riesgo de falla del reservorio a largo plazo en comparación con los pacientes no obesos. Los pacientes obesos pueden beneficiarse de un asesoramiento centrado en estos riesgos antes de someterse a una cirugía restauradoracon reservorio ileal y anastomosis anal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B873 . (Traducción-Dr. Rodrigo Azolas ).
Collapse
|
7
|
Shaban N, Hoad CL, Naim I, Alshammari M, Radford SJ, Clarke C, Marciani L, Moran G. Imaging in inflammatory bowel disease: current and future perspectives. Frontline Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e28-e34. [PMID: 35812031 PMCID: PMC9234729 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cross-sectional imaging and ultrasonography has long complemented endoscopic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical symptoms alone are often not enough to assess disease activity, so a reliance on non-invasive techniques is essential. In this paper, we aim to examine the current use of radiological modalities in aiding the management of patients with IBD. We focus on the various sections of the gastrointestinal tract and how different modalities can aid in assessing current disease state and response to treatments. We also have a look at how newer sequences in cross-sectional imaging and ultrasonography can allow for better differentiation of disease activity (ie, fibrotic vs inflammatory) as well improve evaluation of small bowel, colonic and perianal disease. Furthermore, we examine how advanced image processing has the potential to allow radiology to be a surrogate for biomarkers. An example of this is explored when reviewing the ability of MR sequences to quantify visceral fat, which potentially plays a role in determining disease activity in Crohn's disease. Lastly, we look into the expected role for artificial intelligence to be used as an adjunct to radiology to better improve IBD evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Shaban
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline L Hoad
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Iyad Naim
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Meshari Alshammari
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shellie Jean Radford
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Clarke
- Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Marciani
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gordon Moran
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herrada AA, Olate-Briones A, Lazo-Amador R, Liu C, Hernández-Rojas B, Riadi G, Escobedo N. Lymph Leakage Promotes Immunosuppression by Enhancing Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841641. [PMID: 35663931 PMCID: PMC9160822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature is a network of capillaries and vessels capable of draining extracellular fluid back to blood circulation and to facilitate immune cell migration. Although the role of the lymphatic vasculature as coordinator of fluid homeostasis has been extensively studied, the consequences of abnormal lymphatic vasculature function and impaired lymph drainage have been mostly unexplored. Here, by using the Prox1+/- mice with defective lymphatic vasculature and lymphatic leakage, we provide evidence showing that lymph leakage induces an immunosuppressive environment by promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in different inflammatory conditions. In fact, by using a mouse model of tail lymphedema where lymphatic vessels are thermal ablated leading to lymph accumulation, an increasing number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages are found in the lymphedematous tissue. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis from different human tumors shows that reduced lymphatic signature, a hallmark of lymphatic dysfunction, is associated with increased M2 and reduced M1 macrophage signatures, impacting the survival of the patients. In summary, we show that lymphatic vascular leakage promotes an immunosuppressive environment by enhancing anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation, with relevance in clinical conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases or cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexandra Olate-Briones
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Lazo-Amador
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bairon Hernández-Rojas
- Ph.D Program in Sciences Mention in Modeling of Chemical and Biological Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) – Millennium Science Initiative Program Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling, CBSM, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Noelia Escobedo
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song X, Wen H, Zuo L, Geng Z, Nian J, Wang L, Jiang Y, Tao J, Zhu Z, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yu L, Zhao H, Xiang P, Li J, Shen L, Hu J. Epac-2 ameliorates spontaneous colitis in Il-10 -/- mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and suppressing NF-κB/MAPK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:216-227. [PMID: 34862717 PMCID: PMC8742196 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation interact in the progression of Crohn's disease (CD). A recent study indicated that Epac-2 protected the intestinal barrier and had anti-inflammatory effects. The present study examined the function of Epac-2 in CD-like colitis. Interleukin-10 gene knockout (Il-10-/- ) mice exhibit significant spontaneous enteritis and were used as the CD model. These mice were treated with Epac-2 agonists (Me-cAMP) or Epac-2 antagonists (HJC-0350) or were fed normally (control), and colitis and intestinal barrier structure and function were compared. A Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cell co-culture system were used to analyse the effects of Epac-2 on the cross-talk between intestinal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells. Epac-2 activation significantly ameliorated colitis in mice, which was indicated by reductions in the colitis inflammation score, the expression of inflammatory factors and intestinal permeability. Epac-2 activation also decreased Caco-2 cell permeability in an LPS-induced cell co-culture system. Epac-2 activation significantly suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in vivo and in vitro. Epac-2 may be a therapeutic target for CD based on its anti-inflammatory functions and protective effects on the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Nian
- Department of ImagingSecond Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Luyao Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Tao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiaopei Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Qian W, Huang L, Xu Y, Guo Z, Cao L, Gong J, Coffey JC, Shen B, Li Y, Zhu W. Role of Extended Mesenteric Excision in Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Colitis: A Single-Center Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00407. [PMID: 34597277 PMCID: PMC8483874 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mesentery is involved in Crohn's disease. The impact of the extent of mesenteric resection on postoperative disease progression in Crohn's disease remains unconfirmed. This study aimed to determine the association between resection of the mesentery and postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn's colitis (CC) undergoing colorectal surgery. METHODS Patients with CC who underwent colorectal resection between January 2000 and December 2018 were reviewed, and the data were gathered from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the extent of mesenteric resection, the extensive mesenteric excision (EME) group and the limited mesenteric excision (LME) group. Outcomes including early postoperative morbidities and surgical recurrence were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Of the 126 patients included, 60 were in the LME group and 66 in the EME group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in early postsurgical outcomes except the intraoperative blood loss was increased in the LME group (P = 0.002). Patients in the EME group had a longer postoperative surgical recurrence-free survival time when compared with those in the LME group (P = 0.01). LME was an independent predictor of postoperative surgical recurrence (hazard ratio 2.67, 95% confidence interval 1.04-6.85, P = 0.04). This was further confirmed in the subgroup analysis of patients undergoing colorectal resection and anastomosis (hazard ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval 1.01-7.96, P = 0.048). DISCUSSION In patients undergoing surgery for CC, inclusion of the mesentery is associated with similar short-term outcomes and improved long-term outcomes compared with those seen when the mesentery is retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Liangyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Yihan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - J. Calvin Coffey
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bo Shen
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Center for Interventional IBD, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China;
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China;
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ocansey DKW, Pei B, Xu X, Zhang L, Olovo CV, Mao F. Cellular and molecular mediators of lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:254. [PMID: 34112196 PMCID: PMC8190852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reporting the intricate crosstalk between cellular and molecular mediators and the lymphatic endothelium in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suggest altered inflammatory cell drainage and lymphatic vasculature, implicating the lymphatic system as a player in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of intestinal diseases. This article aims to review recent data on the modulatory functions of cellular and molecular components of the IBD microenvironment on the lymphatic system, particularly lymphangiogenesis. It serves as a promising therapeutic target for IBD management and treatment. The interaction with gut microbiota is also explored. Main text Evidence shows that cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and certain non-immune cells participate in the complex processes of inflammatory-induced lymphangiogenesis through the secretion of a wide spectrum of molecular factors, which vary greatly among the various cells. Lymphangiogenesis enhances lymphatic fluid drainage, hence reduced infiltration of immunomodulatory cells and associated-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, some of the cellular mediators, including mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are a source of lymphangiogenic molecules, and a target as they express specific receptors for lymphangiogenic factors. Conclusion The effective target of lymphangiogenesis is expected to provide novel therapeutic interventions for intestinal inflammatory conditions, including IBD, through both immune and non-immune cells and based on cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis that facilitate inflammation resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yin Y, Yang J, Pan Y, Guo Z, Gao Y, Huang L, Zhou D, Ge Y, Guo F, Zhu W, Song Y, Li Y. Chylomicrons-Simulating Sustained Drug Release in Mesenteric Lymphatics for the Treatment of Crohn's-Like Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:631-646. [PMID: 32978613 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alteration to both the structures and functions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels is a typical hallmark of Crohn's disease [CD]. Dysfunctional lymphatics was observed in patients with both CD and experimental colitis, suggesting mesenteric lymphatics could be potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop a nano-delivery system which can enhance drug delivery in mesenteric lymphatic tissue [MLT] and evaluate the therapeutic effects in Crohn's colitis. METHODS We designed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle [MSN] conjugated with long-chain fatty acid [LMSN] and covered with enteric coating [ELMSN] which can be specifically transported via the mesenteric lymphatic system. The therapeutic efficacy of laquinimod-loaded nanoparticles [LAQ@ELMSN] was evaluated in the well-established interleukin [IL]-10-/- spontaneous experimental colitis. RESULTS ELMSNs induced sustainable drug release that markedly increased drug concentration in MLT. In experimental colitis, the lymphatics-targeting drug delivery system suppressed lymphangitis and promoted lymphatic drainage. The downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the downstream NF-κB-related proteins efficiently inhibited lymphangiogenesis and restored tight junctions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels [MLVs]. LAQ@ELMSN showed a superior therapeutic effect in ameliorating intestinal inflammation compared with free drug administration. Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites in experimental colitis was also reversed by LAQ@ELMSN. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a convenient, orally administered drug delivery system which enhances drug release in MLT. The results confirm the contribution of the mesenteric lymphatic system to the pathogenesis of gut inflammation and shed light on the application of lymphatics-targeting drug delivery therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongtao Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh A, Koenen B, Kirby DF. Bariatric Surgery and Its Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1155-1165. [PMID: 31626698 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have suggested that bariatric procedures, especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), are safe and effective weight loss measures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). But most of the studies have looked at short-term outcomes, and there is a general lack of awareness of underlying disease processes and baseline comorbidities in IBD patients undergoing bariatric procedures. Postbariatric issues in IBD patients including diarrhea from dumping syndrome, choleretic diarrhea, a high prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, stomal ulcerations, stenosis, and renal and gallstones can complicate the natural history of IBD. This could lead to unnecessary hospitalizations, change of medical therapy, and poor surgical and quality of life outcomes. In this review, we will discuss major complications after common bariatric procedures (SG, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and gastric banding) and suggest possible management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Intestinal Transplantation, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Koenen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Intestinal Transplantation, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald F Kirby
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Intestinal Transplantation, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Mohan H, Lan N, Wu X, Zhou W, Gong J, Shen B, Stocchi L, Coffey JC, Zhu W. Mesenteric excision surgery or conservative limited resection in Crohn's disease: study protocol for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:210. [PMID: 32085793 PMCID: PMC7035646 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The structures of the mesentery including adipose tissue, nerves, and lymphatics play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of Crohn’s disease (CD). Conventional surgical resection for CD usually does not involve resecting the mesentery en bloc with the specimen. This contrasts with complete mesocolic excision (CME) in colorectal cancer, which involves radical resection of the mesentery. Preliminary evidence from smaller studies suggests that applying the principle of mesocolic excision to CD surgery may reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence. This randomized controlled trial is designed to test whether applying the principles of mesocolic excision to CD results in reduced postoperative recurrence. It also aims to evaluate intra- and postoperative morbidity between the two approaches. Methods This international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial will randomize patients (n = 116) scheduled to undergo primary ileocolic resection to either receive extensive mesenteric excision (EME) or conventional ileocolic resection with limited mesenteric excision (LME). Five sites will recruit patients in three countries. In the EME group, the mesentery is resected following CME, while avoiding the root region, i.e., 1 cm from the root of the ileocolic artery and vein. In the LME group, the mesentery is retained, i.e., “close shave” or < 3 cm from the border of bowel. The primary end point will be surgical recurrence after surgery. The secondary end points will be the postoperative endoscopic and clinical recurrence, and intra- and postoperative morbidity. Demographics, risk factors, laboratory investigations, endoscopy, postoperative prophylaxis and imaging examination will be assessed. Analysis of the primary outcome will be on an intention-to-treat basis. Discussion If mesocolic excision in CD reduces postoperative disease recurrence and does not increase morbidity, this trial has the potential to change practice and reduce recurrence of CD after surgical resection. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, ID: NCT03769922. Registered on February 27, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Helen Mohan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Professorial Unit, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nan Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A30, Cleveland, OH, 44195-0001, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Center for Interventional IBD, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Stocchi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A30, Cleveland, OH, 44195-0001, USA.
| | - J Calvin Coffey
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Professorial Unit, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Whole transcriptional analysis identifies markers of B, T and plasma cell signaling pathways in the mesenteric adipose tissue associated with Crohn's disease. J Transl Med 2020; 18:44. [PMID: 32000799 PMCID: PMC6993458 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The increased visceral adiposity near the affected intestinal area, of which mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) is the main component, is a feature of CD. Both protective and pathological roles have been attributed to this disease-associated tissue in CD. To understand the contribution of MAT to CD pathophysiology, a molecular and cellular signature of disease-associated MAT in CD patients was provided. Methods We performed an observational study with whole transcriptional analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of MAT and ileal mucosa from CD patients with active disease and controls. qPCR and immunohistology were performed for validation analysis. Results RNA-seq identified 17 significantly regulated genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) in CD-MAT compared to non-IBD controls, with a marked upregulation of plasma cell genes (i.e., IGLL5, MZB1, CD79A, POU2AF1, FCRL5, JCHAIN, DERL3, SDC1, PIM2). A less strict statistical cutoff value (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05) yielded a larger list of 651 genes in CD-MAT compared to controls. CD ileum showed the significant regulation compared to control ileum of 849 genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) or 2654 genes (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed the significant regulation of pathways related to T- and B cell functionality in the MAT of CD patients. Despite the differences between the MAT and ileal signatures of CD patients, we identified a subset of 204 genes significantly modulated in both tissues compared to controls. This common signature included genes related to the plasma cell signature. Genes such as S100A8, S100A9 (calprotectin) and IL1B, which are associated with acute inflammatory response, were exclusively regulated in the ileal mucosa of CD disease. In contrast, some genes encoding for lymphocyte receptors such as MS4A1, CD3D and CD79A were exclusively regulated in CD-MAT, exhibiting a different pattern of immune cell activation compared to the ileal mucosa in CD patients. qPCR and immunohistology confirmed the presence of large infiltrates of CD3+ CD20+ lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells in CD-MAT. Conclusion Our data strongly supports the role of CD-associated MAT as a site for T-, B- and plasma cell activation, and suggests that it could also act as a reservoir of memory immune responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Stephens M, Liao S, von der Weid PY. Mesenteric Lymphatic Alterations Observed During DSS Induced Intestinal Inflammation Are Driven in a TLR4-PAMP/DAMP Discriminative Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 30972059 PMCID: PMC6443629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by both acute and chronic phase inflammation of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract that affect a large and growing number of people worldwide with little to no effective treatments. This is in part due to the lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis and also the currently poorly described involvement of other systems such as the lymphatics. During DSS induced colitis, mice also develop a severe inflammation of terminal ileum with many features similar to IBD. As well as inflammation within the ileum we have previously demonstrated lymphatic remodeling within the mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes of DSS-treated mice. The lymphatic remodeling includes lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vessel dilation and leakiness, as well as cellular infiltration into the surrounding tissue and peripheral draining lymph nodes. Methods: Intestinal inflammation was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Mice were treated with TLR4 blocker C34 or Polymyxin-B (PMXB) daily from days 3 to 7 of DSS treatment via I.P. injection, and their therapeutic effects on disease activity and lymphatic function were examined. TLR activity and subsequent effect on lymphangiogenesis, lymphadenopathy, and mesenteric lymph node cellular composition were assessed. Results: DSS Mice treated with TLR4 inhibitor, C34, had a significantly improved disease phenotype characterized by reduced ileal and colonic insult. The change correlated with significant reduction in colonic and mesenteric inflammation, resolved mesenteric lymphangiectasia, and CD103+ DC migration similar to that of healthy control. PMXB treatment however did not resolve inflammation within the colon or associated mesenteric lymphatic dysfunction but did however prevent lymphadenopathy within the MLN through alteration of CCL21 gradients and CD103+ DC migration. Conclusions: TLR4 appears to mediate several changes within the mesenteric lymphatics, more specifically it is shown to have different outcomes whether stimulation occurs through pathogen derived factors such as LPS or tissue derived DAMPs, a novel phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stephens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo XX, Li XP, Zhou P, Li DY, Lyu XT, Chen Y, Lyu YW, Tian K, Yuan DZ, Ran JH, Chen DL, Jiang R, Li J. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 Cells by Suppressing NOD1 Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113419. [PMID: 30384473 PMCID: PMC6274686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and easy recurrence. There are few agents with minor toxic side effects that can be used for treatment of HCC. Evodiamine (Evo), one of the major bioactive components derived from fructus Evodiae, has long been shown to exert anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by suppressing activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In addition, in the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) pathway, NOD1 could initiate NF-κB-dependent and MAPK-dependent gene transcription. Recent experimental studies reported that the NOD1 pathway was related to controlling development of various tumors. Here we hypothesize that Evo exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by inhibiting NOD1 to suppress NF-κB and MAPK activation. Therefore, we proved the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Evo on HCC cells and detected the effect of Evo on the NOD1 pathway. We found that Evo significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, upregulated P53 and Bcl-2 associated X proteins (Bax) proteins, and downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cyclinB1, and cdc2 proteins in HCC cells. In addition, Evo reduced levels of NOD1, p-P65, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK, where the level of IκBα of HCC cells increased. Furthermore, NOD1 agonist γ-D-Glu-mDAP (IE-DAP) treatment weakened the effect of Evo on suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation and cellular proliferation of HCC. In an in vivo subcutaneous xenograft model, Evo also exhibited excellent tumor inhibitory effects via the NOD1 signal pathway. Our results demonstrate that Evo could induce apoptosis remarkably and the inhibitory effect of Evo on HCC cells may be through suppressing the NOD1 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xian Guo
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Lyu
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Lyu
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Kuan Tian
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - De-Zhi Yuan
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rong Jiang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|