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Burzyński A, Śmietanka B, Fernández-Pérez J, Lubośny M. The absence of canonical respiratory complex I subunits in male-type mitogenomes of three Donax species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14465. [PMID: 38914611 PMCID: PMC11196677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bivalves are an extraordinary class of animals in which species with a doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondrial DNA have been described. DUI is characterized as a mitochondrial homoplasmy of females and heteroplasmy of male individuals where F-type mitogenomes are passed to the progeny with mother egg cells and divergent M-type mitogenomes are inherited with fathers sperm cells. However, in most cases only male individuals retain divergent mitogenome inherited with spermatozoa. Additionally, in many of bivalves, unique mitochondrial features, like additional genes, gene duplication, gene extensions, mitochondrial introns, and recombination, were observed. In this study, we sequenced and assembled male-type mitogenomes of three Donax species. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial sequences revealed a lack of all seven NADH dehydrogenase subunits as well as the presence of three long additional open reading frames lacking identifiable homology to any of the existing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Burzyński
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Beata Śmietanka
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Jenyfer Fernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias and CICA (Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marek Lubośny
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
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Davison A, Chowdhury M, Johansen M, Uliano-Silva M, Blaxter M. High heteroplasmy is associated with low mitochondrial copy number and selection against non-synonymous mutations in the snail Cepaea nemoralis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:596. [PMID: 38872121 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Molluscan mitochondrial genomes are unusual because they show wide variation in size, radical genome rearrangements and frequently show high variation (> 10%) within species. As progress in understanding this variation has been limited, we used whole genome sequencing of a six-generation matriline of the terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis, as well as whole genome sequences from wild-collected C. nemoralis, the sister species C. hortensis, and multiple other snail species to explore the origins of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. The main finding is that a high rate of SNP heteroplasmy in somatic tissue was negatively correlated with mtDNA copy number in both Cepaea species. In individuals with under ten mtDNA copies per nuclear genome, more than 10% of all positions were heteroplasmic, with evidence for transmission of this heteroplasmy through the germline. Further analyses showed evidence for purifying selection acting on non-synonymous mutations, even at low frequency of the rare allele, especially in cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b. The mtDNA of some individuals of Cepaea nemoralis contained a length heteroplasmy, including up to 12 direct repeat copies of tRNA-Val, with 24 copies in another snail, Candidula rugosiuscula, and repeats of tRNA-Thr in C. hortensis. These repeats likely arise due to error prone replication but are not correlated with mitochondrial copy number in C. nemoralis. Overall, the findings provide key insights into mechanisms of replication, mutation and evolution in molluscan mtDNA, and so will inform wider studies on the biology and evolution of mtDNA across animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Davison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Mehrab Chowdhury
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Margrethe Johansen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marcela Uliano-Silva
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark Blaxter
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
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3
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Song J, Farhadi A, Tan K, Lim L, Tan K. Impact of anthropogenic global hypoxia on the physiological response of bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172056. [PMID: 38552980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important parameter that affects the biology, physiology, and immunology of aquatic animals. In recent decades, DO levels in the global oceans have sharply decreased, partly due to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature, and anthropogenic nutrient loads. Although there have been many reports on the effects of hypoxia on the survival, growth, behavior, and immunity of bivalves, this information has not been well organized. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of hypoxia on bivalves. In general, hypoxia negatively impacts the food consumption rate and assimilation efficiency, as well as increasing respiration rates in many bivalves. As a result, it reduces the energy allocation for bivalve growth, shell formation, and reproduction. In severe cases, prolonged exposure to hypoxia can result in mass mortality in bivalves. Moreover, hypoxia also has adverse effects on the immunity and response of bivalves to predators, including decreased burial depths, sensitivity to predators, impairment of byssus production, and negatively impacts on the integrity, strength, and composition of bivalve shells. The tolerance of bivalves to hypoxia largely depends on size and species, with larger bivalves being more susceptible to hypoxia and intertidal species being relatively more tolerant to hypoxia. The information in this article is very useful for elucidating the current research status of hypoxia on bivalves and determining future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Ardavan Farhadi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leongseng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
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Kladchenko ES, Chelebieva ES, Podolskaya MS, Khurchak AI, Andreyeva AY, Malakhova TV. Shift in hemocyte immune parameters of marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) after exposure to methane. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116174. [PMID: 38382322 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Methane are widely used in industry as an emerge source may be released significantly higher aquatic ecosystems due to gas seepages. In this study, short-term (90 min) methane effects on bivalve hemocytes were investigated using flow cytometry. Hemocyte parameters including hemolymph cellular composition, phagocytosis activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were evaluated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) exposed to hypoxia (control group), pure methane and industrial methane (industrial hydrocarbon mixture). Comparison of biomarkers showed that the mussel was more sensitive to methane than to low oxygen concentration, supporting the effects of methane on the mussel's immune system. After exposure to pure and industrial methane, the number of granulocytes decreased dramatically and the levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and phagocytosis capacity increased significantly. It was shown that the methane type-dependent effect was pronounced, with industrial methane leading to more pronounced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kladchenko
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elina S Chelebieva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria S Podolskaya
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alena I Khurchak
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia; Department of Radiation and Chemical Biology, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Yu Andreyeva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Malakhova
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Biology, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky ave, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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5
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Nicolini F, Ghiselli F, Luchetti A, Milani L. Bivalves as Emerging Model Systems to Study the Mechanisms and Evolution of Sex Determination: A Genomic Point of View. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad181. [PMID: 37850870 PMCID: PMC10588774 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalves are a diverse group of molluscs that have recently attained a central role in plenty of biological research fields, thanks to their peculiar life history traits. Here, we propose that bivalves should be considered as emerging model systems also in sex-determination (SD) studies, since they would allow to investigate: 1) the transition between environmental and genetic SD, with respect to different reproductive backgrounds and sexual systems (from species with strict gonochorism to species with various forms of hermaphroditism); 2) the genomic evolution of sex chromosomes (SCs), considering that no heteromorphic SCs are currently known and that homomorphic SCs have been identified only in a few species of scallops; 3) the putative role of mitochondria at some level of the SD signaling pathway, in a mechanism that may resemble the cytoplasmatic male sterility of plants; 4) the evolutionary history of SD-related gene (SRG) families with respect to other animal groups. In particular, we think that this last topic may lay the foundations for expanding our understanding of bivalve SD, as our current knowledge is quite fragmented and limited to a few species. As a matter of fact, tracing the phylogenetic history and diversity of SRG families (such as the Dmrt, Sox, and Fox genes) would allow not only to perform more targeted functional experiments and genomic analyses, but also to foster the possibility of establishing a solid comparative framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Nicolini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Luchetti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hu Z, Xu L, Song H, Feng J, Zhou C, Yang MJ, Shi P, Li YR, Guo YJ, Li HZ, Zhang T. Effect of heat and hypoxia stress on mitochondrion and energy metabolism in the gill of hard clam. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109556. [PMID: 36709861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals suffer from heat and hypoxia stress more frequently due to global climate change and other anthropogenic activities. Heat and hypoxia stress can significantly affect mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Here, the response and adaptation characteristics of mitochondria and energy metabolism in the gill of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria under heat (35 °C), hypoxia (0.2 mg/L), and heat plus hypoxia stress (35 °C, 0.2 mg/L) after 48 h exposure were investigated. Mitochondrial membrane potentials were depolarized under environmental stress. Mitochondrial fusion, fission and mitophagy played a key role in maintain mitochondrion function. The AMPK subunits showed different expression under environmental stress. Acceleration of enzyme activities (phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactic dehydrogenase) and accumulation of anaerobic metabolites in glycolysis and TCA cycle implied that the anaerobic metabolism might play a key role in providing energy. Accumulation of amino acids might help to increase tolerance under heat and heat combined hypoxia stress. In addition, urea cycle played a key role in amino acid metabolism to prevent ammonia/nitrogen toxicity. This study improved our understanding of the mitochondrial and energy metabolism responses of marine bivalves exposed to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yong-Ren Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang 265100, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Xu R, Martelossi J, Smits M, Iannello M, Peruzza L, Babbucci M, Milan M, Dunham JP, Breton S, Milani L, Nuzhdin SV, Bargelloni L, Passamonti M, Ghiselli F. Multi-tissue RNA-Seq Analysis and Long-read-based Genome Assembly Reveal Complex Sex-specific Gene Regulation and Molecular Evolution in the Manila Clam. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6889380. [PMID: 36508337 PMCID: PMC9803972 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular factors and gene regulation involved in sex determination and gonad differentiation in bivalve molluscs are unknown. It has been suggested that doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria may be involved in these processes in species such as the ubiquitous and commercially relevant Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. We present the first long-read-based de novo genome assembly of a Manila clam, and a RNA-Seq multi-tissue analysis of 15 females and 15 males. The highly contiguous genome assembly was used as reference to investigate gene expression, alternative splicing, sequence evolution, tissue-specific co-expression networks, and sexual contrasting SNPs. Differential expression (DE) and differential splicing (DS) analyses revealed sex-specific transcriptional regulation in gonads, but not in somatic tissues. Co-expression networks revealed complex gene regulation in gonads, and genes in gonad-associated modules showed high tissue specificity. However, male gonad-associated modules showed contrasting patterns of sequence evolution and tissue specificity. One gene set was related to the structural organization of male gametes and presented slow sequence evolution but high pleiotropy, whereas another gene set was enriched in reproduction-related processes and characterized by fast sequence evolution and tissue specificity. Sexual contrasting SNPs were found in genes overrepresented in mitochondrial-related functions, providing new candidates for investigating the relationship between mitochondria and sex in DUI species. Together, these results increase our understanding of the role of DE, DS, and sequence evolution of sex-specific genes in an understudied taxon. We also provide resourceful genomic data for studies regarding sex diagnosis and breeding in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: (R.X.); E-mail: (F.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Peruzza
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Joseph P Dunham
- Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,SeqOnce Biosciences Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Breton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergey V Nuzhdin
- Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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8
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Hu Z, Song H, Feng J, Zhou C, Yang MJ, Shi P, Yu ZL, Li YR, Guo YJ, Li HZ, Wang SY, Xue JH, Zhang T. Genome-wide analysis of the hard clam mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase gene family and their transcriptional profiles under abiotic stress. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105606. [PMID: 35316650 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) was the hub component of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and played an important role in the cellular response to environmental stress. In this study, we identified five MmMAPKK genes in hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria and found that all MmMAPKK genes contain a conserved protein kinase domain. The MmMAPKK genes derived from dispersed duplication were unevenly distributed in three chromosomes. Although the genome size was highly variable among different bivalve mollusks, the number of MAPKK genes was relatively stable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bivalve MAPKK was divided into five clades, and amino acid sequences of MAPKK from the same clade consisted of similar conserved motifs. The syntenic analysis demonstrated that MmMAPKKs had the highest number of homologous gene pairs with Cyclina sinensis. MmMAPKKs were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, and all MmMAPKK genes were highly expressed in the ovary. MmMAPKK genes showed stress-specific expression under envirionmental stress. MmMAPKK7 showed an upregulated in heat and heat plus hypoxia stress while MmMAPKK1 showed an upregulated in hypoxic stress groups. Dynamic changes of MmMAPKK7, MmMAPKK6 and MmMAPKK1 in hemocytes were observed in response to air exposure. MmMAPKK4 significantly downregulated after air exposure for five days. MmMAPKK7 and MmMAPKK6 might participate in adaptation to low salinity stress. Our results provided useful information about MAPKK and laid a foundation for further studies on MAPKK evolution in the bivalve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jie Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yong-Ren Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang, 265100, China
| | - Su-Yao Wang
- Qingdao No.58 High School Shandong Province, Qingdao, 262000, China
| | - Jiang-Han Xue
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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