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Ma L, Wu DY, Wang Y, Hall JM, Mi CR, Xie HX, Tao WJ, Hou C, Cheng KM, Zhang YP, Wang JC, Lu HL, Du WG, Sun BJ. Collective effects of rising average temperatures and heat events on oviparous embryos. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14266. [PMID: 38578127 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Survival of the immobile embryo in response to rising temperature is important to determine a species' vulnerability to climate change. However, the collective effects of 2 key thermal characteristics associated with climate change (i.e., rising average temperature and acute heat events) on embryonic survival remain largely unexplored. We used empirical measurements and niche modeling to investigate how chronic and acute heat stress independently and collectively influence the embryonic survival of lizards across latitudes. We collected and bred lizards from 5 latitudes and incubated their eggs across a range of temperatures to quantify population-specific responses to chronic and acute heat stress. Using an embryonic development model parameterized with measured embryonic heat tolerances, we further identified a collective impact of embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerances on embryonic survival. We also incorporated embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerance in hybrid species distribution models to determine species' range shifts under climate change. Embryos' tolerance of chronic heat (T-chronic) remained consistent across latitudes, whereas their tolerance of acute heat (T-acute) was higher at high latitudes than at low latitudes. Tolerance of acute heat exerted a more pronounced influence than tolerance of chronic heat. In species distribution models, climate change led to the most significant habitat loss for each population and species in its low-latitude distribution. Consequently, habitat for populations across all latitudes will shift toward high latitudes. Our study also highlights the importance of considering embryonic survival under chronic and acute heat stresses to predict species' vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Yang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Joshua M Hall
- Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun-Rong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jie Tao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun-Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong-Pu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nemoto Y, Ogawa T. Underwater analysis of the reproductive behaviour and egg development of the jawfish Opistognathus iyonis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:612-622. [PMID: 37269247 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fishes of the jawfish family Opistognathidae are cryptobenthic and distributed in subtropical seas, and new species are still being reported. Opistognathus spp. live alone in burrows and males orally brood their egg clutches. The life cycle of jawfish, including their reproductive behaviour, is poorly understood. Here we describe the natural reproduction and embryonic development of Opistognathus iyonis in Yamaguchi, Japan, based on underwater surveys for 3 years. Spawning was observed as female jawfish came into the male's burrow ~30 min before sunrise. The jawfish had a mean number of 4.4 egg clutches in the burrow through 48.2 days, and the egg took 12 days to hatching. The mean temperature for developmental days was 20.8°C. The mean and cumulative water temperature during development significantly correlated with the number of developmental days. During egg development, male jawfish took care of eggs by holding them for part of the time in their mouths. Hatching was observed ~20 min after sunset. When hatching occurred orally, eggs were pushed out and back repeatedly using the lower jaw; consequently, the egg clutches were let out in an upward direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the reproductive behaviour of O. iyonis in the natural environment in the same area for several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nemoto
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Majoris JE, Francisco FA, Burns CM, Brandl SJ, Warkentin KM, Buston PM. Paternal care regulates the timing, synchrony and success of hatching in a coral reef fish. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221466. [PMID: 36100017 PMCID: PMC9470247 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In oviparous species, the timing of hatching is a crucial decision, but for developing embryos, assessing cues that indicate the optimal time to hatch is challenging. In species with pre-hatching parental care, parents can assess environmental conditions and induce their offspring to hatch. We provide the first documentation of parental hatching regulation in a coral reef fish, demonstrating that male neon gobies (Elacatinus colini) directly regulate hatching by removing embryos from the clutch and spitting hatchlings into the water column. All male gobies synchronized hatching within 2 h of sunrise, regardless of when eggs were laid. Paternally incubated embryos hatched later in development, more synchronously, and had higher hatching success than artificially incubated embryos that were shaken to provide a vibrational stimulus or not stimulated. Artificially incubated embryos displayed substantial plasticity in hatching times (range: 80-224 h post-fertilization), suggesting that males could respond to environmental heterogeneity by modifying the hatching time of their offspring. Finally, paternally incubated embryos hatched with smaller yolk sacs and larger propulsive areas than artificially incubated embryos, suggesting that paternal effects on hatchling phenotypes may influence larval dispersal and fitness. These findings highlight the complexity of fish parental care behaviour and may have important, and currently unstudied, consequences for fish population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Majoris
- Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Fritz A. Francisco
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Science of Intelligence, Technical University Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Corinne M. Burns
- Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 315 alleé des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, Canada G2 L 3A1
| | - Simon J. Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Karen M. Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter M. Buston
- Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ha LM, Nguyen HH, Ta TT, Nguyen HX, Tran HD. Spatio-temporal occurrence of different early life stages of Periophthalmus modestus in a tropical estuary. ANIM BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To elucidate the distribution pattern of Periophthalmus modestus, an amphibious fish, at its southernmost habitat, an investigation was conducted monthly at different locations along the Red River Delta area over two years. Spatially, planktonic larvae were caught abundantly at sampling sites along the Ba Lat Estuary and at a single site in the nearby mangroves close to the river’s main tributary. The benthic and amphibious juveniles were caught mainly in the mangroves. This finding suggests that P. modestus larvae may be transported up the river from the spawning ground by the tidal current and may use the main tributary of Ba Lat Estuary as a nursery habitat for the planktonic larval stage and expand their habitat to the mangrove along the estuary during the settling stages. Temporally, planktonic larvae occurred from February to July and peaked in May, suggesting that the main reproductive season of this fish in Vietnam is from February to July, which is earlier than in temperate areas. The abundance of larvae and juveniles of this species over time was positively correlated with water temperature. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) models based on size-class assemblages, months of sampling and samplings sites, together with an overlay of environmental vectors, revealed that water temperature was significantly correlated with fish size. Fish in the smaller size class tended to occur at lower temperatures, and fish in the larger size class tended to occur at higher temperatures. The distribution pattern of this species revealed in this study may partly contribute to its successful adaptation to circumstances in this tropical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Manh Ha
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hai Hong Nguyen
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Ta
- Hanoi Metropolitan University, 98 Duong Quang Ham, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huan Xuan Nguyen
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hau Duc Tran
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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5
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Ishimatsu A, Mai HV, Martin KLM. Patterns of Fish Reproduction at the Interface between Air and Water. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:1064-1085. [PMID: 30107418 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fishes by nature are aquatic, many species reproduce in such a way that their embryos are exposed to air either occasionally or constantly during incubation. We examine the ecological context and review specific examples of reproduction by fishes at the air-water interface, including fishes that do and do not breathe air. Four modes of reproduction at the air-water interface are described across 18 teleost orders, from fresh water, estuaries, and sea water. Mode 1, the most common type of reproduction by fishes at the air-water interface, includes 21 families of mostly marine teleosts that spawn in water onto a substrate surface, on vegetation, or into hollow objects such as shells that will later be continuously or occasionally exposed to air. Although the eggs are emerged into air, many of these species do not emerge into air as adults, and only about half of them breathe air. Mode 2 involves six families of freshwater fishes setting up and guarding a nest and guarding on the water surface, either with bubbles or in vegetation. Most of these species breathe air. In Mode 3, annual killifishes in at least two families in seasonally dry habitats bury eggs in mud in temporary pools, then die before the next generation emerges. These species neither guard nests nor breathe air. Mudskippers (Gobiidae) breathe air and use Mode 4, excavating burrows in a soft substrate and then storing air in a subterranean chamber. In a variation of Mode 4, eggs are placed on bubbles within a nesting burrow by swamp eels (Synbranchidae). No fishes from basal taxa are known to place their embryos where they will be exposed to air, although most of these species breathe air as adults. The widespread but still rare, diverse forms of fish reproduction at the air-water interface across a broad taxonomic spectrum suggest repeated independent evolutionary events and strong selection pressure for adult fishes to protect their embryos from hypoxic waters, aquatic predators, pathogens, and UV radiation. Air-breathing by adult fishes appears to be de-coupled from air exposure of developing embryos or aerial emersion of adults during spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishimatsu
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Tairamachi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Hieu Van Mai
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyomachi, Nagasaki 851-8521, Japan
| | - Karen L M Martin
- Department of Biology, Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263-4321, USA
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6
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Wright PA, Turko AJ. Amphibious fishes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:2245-59. [PMID: 27489213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphibious fishes spend part of their life in terrestrial habitats. The ability to tolerate life on land has evolved independently many times, with more than 200 extant species of amphibious fishes spanning 17 orders now reported. Many adaptations for life out of water have been described in the literature, and adaptive phenotypic plasticity may play an equally important role in promoting favourable matches between the terrestrial habitat and behavioural, physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. Amphibious fishes living at the interface of two very different environments must respond to issues relating to buoyancy/gravity, hydration/desiccation, low/high O2 availability, low/high CO2 accumulation and high/low NH3 solubility each time they traverse the air-water interface. Here, we review the literature for examples of plastic traits associated with the response to each of these challenges. Because there is evidence that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate the evolution of fixed traits in general, we summarize the types of investigations needed to more fully determine whether plasticity in extant amphibious fishes can provide indications of the strategies used during the evolution of terrestriality in tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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7
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Martin KL, Podrabsky JE. Hit pause: Developmental arrest in annual killifishes and their close relatives. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:858-866. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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8
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Polgar G, Zaccara S, Babbucci M, Fonzi F, Antognazza CM, Ishak N, Sulaiman Z, Crosa G. Habitat segregation and cryptic adaptation of species of Periophthalmus (Gobioidei: Gobiidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1926-1943. [PMID: 28239874 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted on the habitat distribution of four sympatric species of Periophthalmus (the silver-lined mudskipper Periophthalmus argentilineatus, the slender mudskipper Periophthalmus gracilis, the kalolo mudskipper Periophthalmus kalolo and the Malacca mudskipper Periophthalmus malaccensis) from northern Sulawesi. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on one mtDNA marker (16S) were used to validate the morphological taxa, identifying five molecular clades. Periophthalmus argentilineatus includes two molecular species, which are named Periophthalmus argentilineatus clades F and K. Multivariate direct gradient analysis show that these species form three distinct ecological guilds, with the two molecular species occurring in different guilds. Periophthalmus clade F is ecologically eurytypic; Periophthalmus clade K and P. kalolo are prevalent in ecosystems isolated by strong oceanic currents and at shorter distances from the sea; P. gracilis plus P. malaccensis are prevalent in ecosystems connected by shallow coastal waters, in vegetated habitats at larger distances from the sea. This indicates for the first time that mudskipper species exhibit a range of adaptations to semiterrestrialism not only within genera, but even within morphospecies, delineating a much more complex adaptive scenario than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polgar
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Zaccara
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - M Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Safety, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F Fonzi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - C M Antognazza
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - N Ishak
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Z Sulaiman
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
- Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - G Crosa
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
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Wells MW, Turko AJ, Wright PA. Fish embryos on land: terrestrial embryo deposition lowers oxygen uptake without altering growth or survival in the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 218:3249-56. [PMID: 26491194 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.127399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Few teleost fishes incubate embryos out of water, but the oxygen-rich terrestrial environment could provide advantages for early growth and development. We tested the hypothesis that embryonic oxygen uptake is limited in aquatic environments relative to air using the self-fertilizing amphibious mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, which typically inhabits hypoxic, water-filled crab burrows. We found that adult mangrove rivulus released twice as many embryos in terrestrial versus aquatic environments and that air-reared embryos had accelerated developmental rates. Surprisingly, air-reared embryos consumed 44% less oxygen and possessed larger yolk reserves, but attained the same mass, length and chorion thickness. Water-reared embryos moved their opercula ∼2.5 more times per minute compared with air-reared embryos at 7 days post-release, which probably contributed to the higher rates of oxygen uptake and yolk utilization we observed. Genetically identical air- and water-reared embryos from the same parent were raised to maturity, but the embryonic environment did not affect growth, reproduction or emersion ability in adults. Therefore, although aspects of early development were plastic, these early differences were not sustained into adulthood. Kryptolebias marmoratus embryos hatched out of water when exposed to aerial hypoxia. We conclude that exposure to a terrestrial environment reduces the energetic costs of development partly by reducing the necessity of embryonic movements to dispel stagnant boundary layers. Terrestrial incubation of young would be especially beneficial to amphibious fishes that occupy aquatic habitats of poor water quality, assuming low terrestrial predation and desiccation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wells
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Aubret F, Bignon F, Kok PJR, Blanvillain G. Only child syndrome in snakes: Eggs incubated alone produce asocial individuals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35752. [PMID: 27761007 PMCID: PMC5071763 DOI: 10.1038/srep35752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-clustering and communal nesting behaviours provide advantages to offspring. Advantages range from anti-predatory benefits, maintenance of moisture and temperature levels within the nest, preventing the eggs from rolling, to enabling hatching synchrony through embryo communication. It was recently suggested that embryo communication may extend beyond development fine-tuning, and potentially convey information about the quality of the natal environment as well as provide an indication of forthcoming competition amongst siblings, conspecifics or even heterospecifics. Here we show that preventing embryos from communicating not only altered development rates but also strongly influenced post-natal social behaviour in snakes. Clutches of water snakes, Natrix maura, were split evenly into half-clutches and incubated as (1) clusters (i.e. eggs in physical contact with each other) or (2) as single eggs placed in individual goblets (i.e. no physical contact amongst sibling eggs). Single incubated eggs produced less-sociable young snakes than their siblings that were incubated in a cluster: the former were more active, less aggregated and physically contacted each other less often than the latter. Potential long-term effects and evolutionary drivers for this new example of informed dispersal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Aubret
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Florent Bignon
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Philippe J R Kok
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2 Pleinlaan, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Blanvillain
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
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Modeling Variable Phanerozoic Oxygen Effects on Physiology and Evolution. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27343111 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Geochemical approximation of Earth's atmospheric O2 level over geologic time prompts hypotheses linking hyper- and hypoxic atmospheres to transformative events in the evolutionary history of the biosphere. Such correlations, however, remain problematic due to the relative imprecision of the timing and scope of oxygen change and the looseness of its overlay on the chronology of key biotic events such as radiations, evolutionary innovation, and extinctions. There are nevertheless general attributions of atmospheric oxygen concentration to key evolutionary changes among groups having a primary dependence upon oxygen diffusion for respiration. These include the occurrence of Devonian hypoxia and the accentuation of air-breathing dependence leading to the origin of vertebrate terrestriality, the occurrence of Carboniferous-Permian hyperoxia and the major radiation of early tetrapods and the origins of insect flight and gigantism, and the Mid-Late Permian oxygen decline accompanying the Permian extinction. However, because of variability between and error within different atmospheric models, there is little basis for postulating correlations outside the Late Paleozoic. Other problems arising in the correlation of paleo-oxygen with significant biological events include tendencies to ignore the role of blood pigment affinity modulation in maintaining homeostasis, the slow rates of O2 change that would have allowed for adaptation, and significant respiratory and circulatory modifications that can and do occur without changes in atmospheric oxygen. The purpose of this paper is thus to refocus thinking about basic questions central to the biological and physiological implications of O2 change over geological time.
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12
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Heartbeat, embryo communication and hatching synchrony in snake eggs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23519. [PMID: 26988725 PMCID: PMC4796811 DOI: 10.1038/srep23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication is central to life at all levels of complexity, from cells to organs, through to organisms and communities. Turtle eggs were recently shown to communicate with each other in order to synchronise their development and generate beneficial hatching synchrony. Yet the mechanism underlying embryo to embryo communication remains unknown. Here we show that within a clutch, developing snake embryos use heart beats emanating from neighbouring eggs as a clue for their metabolic level, in order to synchronise development and ultimately hatching. Eggs of the water snake Natrix maura increased heart rates and hatched earlier than control eggs in response to being incubated in physical contact with more advanced eggs. The former produced shorter and slower swimming young than their control siblings. Our results suggest potential fitness consequences of embryo to embryo communication and describe a novel driver for the evolution of egg-clustering behaviour in animals.
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Kimura Y, Sakai Y. Emergence behavior of a tide pool fish Praealticus tanegasimae (Teleostei; Blenniidae) on subtropical reefs. J ETHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-016-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Toba A, Ishimatsu A. Roles of air stored in burrows of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris for adult respiration and embryonic development. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:774-793. [PMID: 24588642 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Air was stored in 90% of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris burrows in summer breeding months when fish were active on the mudflat surface during low tide but only in 50% of burrows in overwintering months when the fish confined themselves to burrows. The volume of gas recovered from the burrows ranged from 30 to > 400 ml. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) of the gas varied from 5 to 20 kPa and was inversely related to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) in all but the wintering periods. Sampling in July demonstrated that gas was stored in both male and female burrows with no difference in volume, PO₂ or PCO₂ between them. Adult fish were able to survive total submersion in hypoxic (PO₂ = 1.96 kPa) water for 8 h, but no embryos survived to hatch in the hypoxic aquatic environment. Thus, the deposited air appears to be a crucial source of oxygen for the embryos developing in the egg chamber of the burrow, but may play only a subsidiary role for adult respiration during presumed high-tide confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Toba
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Tairamachi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
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16
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Martin KL. Theme and variations: amphibious air-breathing intertidal fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:577-602. [PMID: 24344914 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over 70 species of intertidal fishes from 12 families breathe air while emerging from water. Amphibious intertidal fishes generally have no specialized air-breathing organ but rely on vascularized mucosae and cutaneous surfaces in air to exchange both oxygen and carbon dioxide. They differ from air-breathing freshwater fishes in morphology, physiology, ecology and behaviour. Air breathing and terrestrial activity are present to varying degrees in intertidal fish species, correlated with the tidal height of their habitat. The gradient of amphibious lifestyle includes passive remainers that stay in the intertidal zone as tides ebb, active emergers that deliberately leave water in response to poor aquatic conditions and highly mobile amphibious skipper fishes that may spend more time out of water than in it. Normal terrestrial activity is usually aerobic and metabolic rates in air and water are similar. Anaerobic metabolism may be employed during forced exercise or when exposed to aquatic hypoxia. Adaptations for amphibious life include reductions in gill surface area, increased reliance on the skin for respiration and ion exchange, high affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen and adjustments to ventilation and metabolism while in air. Intertidal fishes remain close to water and do not travel far terrestrially, and are unlikely to migrate or colonize new habitats at present, although in the past this may have happened. Many fish species spawn in the intertidal zone, including some that do not breathe air, as eggs and embryos that develop in the intertidal zone benefit from tidal air emergence. With air breathing, amphibious intertidal fishes survive in a variable habitat with minimal adjustments to existing structures. Closely related species in different microhabitats provide unique opportunities for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Martin
- Department of Biology, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263-4321, U.S.A
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Polgar G, Zane L, Babbucci M, Barbisan F, Patarnello T, Rüber L, Papetti C. Phylogeography and demographic history of two widespread Indo-Pacific mudskippers (Gobiidae: Periophthalmus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:161-76. [PMID: 24486991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a first description of the phylogeographic patterns and evolutionary history of two species of the mudskipper genus Periophthalmus. These amphibious gobies are distributed throughout the whole Indo-Pacific region and Atlantic coast of Africa, in peritidal habitats of soft-bottom coastal ecosystems. Three sequence datasets of two widely distributed species, Periophthalmus argentilineatus and P. kalolo, were obtained by amplifying and sequencing two mtDNA markers (D-loop and 16S rDNA) and the nDNA rag1 region. The three datasets were then used to perform phylogeographic, demographic and population genetic analyses. Our results indicate that tectonic events and past climatic oscillations strongly contributed to shape present genetic differentiation, phylogeographic and demographic patterns. We found support for the monophyly of P. kalolo, and only shallow genetic differentiation between East-African and Indo-Malayan populations of this species. However, our collections of the morphospecies P. argentilineatus include three molecularly distinct lineages, one of them more closely related to P. kalolo. The presence of Miocenic timings for the most recent common ancestors of some of these morphologically similar clades, suggests the presence of strong stabilising selection in mudskippers' habitats. At population level, demographic analyses and palaeoecological records of mangrove ecosystems suggest that Pleistocene bottlenecks and expansion plus secondary contact events of the studied species were associated with recurrent sea transgressions during interglacials, and sea regressions or stable regimes during glacials, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polgar
- Department of Biology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Gadong, Negara, Brunei Darussalam; Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L Zane
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - M Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F Barbisan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Papetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Martin KL, Carter AL. Brave New Propagules: Terrestrial Embryos in Anamniotic Eggs. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:233-47. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Martin K, Bailey K, Moravek C, Carlson K. Taking the plunge: California Grunion embryos emerge rapidly with environmentally cued hatching. Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:26-37. [PMID: 21665921 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of hatching has been well studied in some model species of teleosts: the medaka Oryzias latipes, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio. These models are compared to the California Grunion, Leuresthes tenuis that has some unique features of reproduction related to tidal synchrony of spawning and environmentally cued hatching (ECH). During oviposition at spring tides, this marine teleost spawns out of water to bury its clutches on sandy beaches in the high intertidal zone. After embryos of L. tenuis reach hatching competence, hatching can be triggered at any time. Incubation above the water line inhibits hatching until ECH is triggered by rising tides during the following lunar phase, and hatching occurs within a few seconds. We review the embryo's response to environmental cues at hatching and the effects of the surrounding medium on the chorionase and chorion for this form of ECH. Leuresthes tenuis shares some similarities as well as some important differences with the model species. Comparison of hatching across teleostean taxa indicates great variability in stage at hatching and in duration of incubation that suggest hatching plasticity in response to environmental cues may be more widespread than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Martin
- Department of Biology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263-4321, USA
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Warkentin KM. Environmentally Cued Hatching across Taxa: Embryos Respond to Risk and Opportunity. Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:14-25. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Takeda T, Hayashi M, Toba A, Soyano K, Ishimatsu A. Ecology of the Australian mudskipper Periophthalmus minutus, an amphibious fish inhabiting a mudflat in the highest intertidal zone. AUST J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/zo11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A population of Periophthalmus minutus inhabiting a mudflat in the highest intertidal zone in Darwin was investigated for surface activity, feeding and reproduction in relation to environmental conditions in the dry (August) and wet (February) seasons. On days with tidal inundation, the fish were diurnally active on the exposed mudflat surface at low tide, but retreated into burrows during daytime inundation and at night. Temperatures above 40°C and heavy precipitation suppressed the daytime surface activity of the fish. During neap tides, the mudflat remained uncovered by the tide for nine days in both seasons. The fish confined themselves in burrows without ingested food throughout the nine-day period in August, but they remained active on the mudflat surface and kept foraging in February. The salinity of burrow water during the nine-day emersion was extremely high (72 ± 6 psu, mean ± s.d.) in August, but lower (46 ± 9), though still higher than the open seawater value (34), in February. The burrows were J-shaped in February, but were straight (with no upturn) in August. Fertilised eggs were collected from the upturned portionof the burrow, and hatched upon submersion. Juveniles occurred in water pools on the mudflat surface in March.
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