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Ji C, Miao J, Zhao N, Dai Y, Yang J, Qu J, Zhu J, Zhao M. N-nitrosamines induced gender-dimorphic effects on infant rats at environmental levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169196. [PMID: 38097075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The safety of drinking water has always been a concern for people all over the world. N-nitrosamines (NAs), a kind of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs), are generally detected as a mixture in drinking water at home and abroad. Studies have shown that individual NAs posed strong carcinogenicity at high concentrations. However, health risks of NAs at environmental levels (concentrations in drinking water) are still unclear. Therefore, the potential health risks of environmentally relevant NAs exposure in drinking water needs to be conducted. In this study, blood biochemical analysis and metabolomics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to comprehensively investigate NAs induced metabolic disturbance in infant rats at environmental levels. Results of blood biochemical indices analysis indicated that AST in the serum of male rats in NAs-treated group exhibited a significant gender-specific difference. Multivariate statistics showed that two and eight significantly disturbed metabolic pathways were identified in the serum samples of NAs-treated male and female rats, respectively. In the urine samples of NAs-treated female rats, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway was significantly disturbed; while three significantly disturbed metabolic pathways were found in the urine of NAs-treated male rats. Finally, results of spearman correlation coefficients suggested that the disturbances of metabolism profile in serum and urine were correlated with changes in the gut microbiota (data derived from our published paper). Data presented here aimed to generate new health risk data of NAs mixture exposure at environmental levels and provide theoretical support for drinking water safety management. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: N-nitrosamines (NAs) are a kind of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) generated during drinking water disinfection processes. Herein, health risks of NAs at environmental levels (concentrations in drinking water) are investigated using blood biochemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Results confirmed NAs induced gender-specific on the metabolism in rat and the disturbances of metabolism profile in serum and urine were correlated with changes in the gut microbiota. Data presented here aimed to generate new health risk data of NAs mixture exposure at environmental levels and provide theoretical support for drinking water safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jiahui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaoyao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Merwin JT, Seeholzer GF, Smith BT. Macroevolutionary bursts and constraints generate a rainbow in a clade of tropical birds. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32093609 PMCID: PMC7041239 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bird plumage exhibits a diversity of colors that serve functional roles ranging from signaling to camouflage and thermoregulation. However, birds must maintain a balance between evolving colorful signals to attract mates, minimizing conspicuousness to predators, and optimizing adaptation to climate conditions. Examining plumage color macroevolution provides a framework for understanding this dynamic interplay over phylogenetic scales. Plumage evolution due to a single overarching process, such as selection, may generate the same macroevolutionary pattern of color variation across all body regions. In contrast, independent processes may partition plumage and produce region-specific patterns. To test these alternative scenarios, we collected color data from museum specimens of an ornate clade of birds, the Australasian lorikeets, using visible-light and UV-light photography, and comparative methods. We predicted that the diversification of homologous feather regions, i.e., patches, known to be involved in sexual signaling (e.g., face) would be less constrained than patches on the back and wings, where new color states may come at the cost of crypsis. Because environmental adaptation may drive evolution towards or away from color states, we tested whether climate more strongly covaried with plumage regions under greater or weaker macroevolutionary constraint. RESULTS We found that alternative macroevolutionary models and varying rates best describe color evolution, a pattern consistent with our prediction that different plumage regions evolved in response to independent processes. Modeling plumage regions independently, in functional groups, and all together showed that patches with similar macroevolutionary models clustered together into distinct regions (e.g., head, wing, belly), which suggests that plumage does not evolve as a single trait in this group. Wing patches, which were conserved on a macroevolutionary scale, covaried with climate more strongly than plumage regions (e.g., head), which diversified in a burst. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results support the hypothesis that the extraordinary color diversity in the lorikeets was generated by a mosaic of evolutionary processes acting on plumage region subsets. Partitioning of plumage regions in different parts of the body provides a mechanism that allows birds to evolve bright colors for signaling and remain hidden from predators or adapt to local climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Merwin
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Glenn F Seeholzer
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Brian Tilston Smith
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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Evolutionary transitions in controls reconcile adaptation with continuity of evolution. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 88:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Melián CJ, Matthews B, de Andreazzi CS, Rodríguez JP, Harmon LJ, Fortuna MA. Deciphering the Interdependence between Ecological and Evolutionary Networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:504-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Morrison ES, Badyaev AV. Structure versus time in the evolutionary diversification of avian carotenoid metabolic networks. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:764-772. [PMID: 29485222 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Historical associations of genes and proteins are thought to delineate pathways available to subsequent evolution; however, the effects of past functional involvements on contemporary evolution are rarely quantified. Here, we examined the extent to which the structure of a carotenoid enzymatic network persists in avian evolution. Specifically, we tested whether the evolution of carotenoid networks was most concordant with phylogenetically structured expansion from core reactions of common ancestors or with subsampling of biochemical pathway modules from an ancestral network. We compared structural and historical associations in 467 carotenoid networks of extant and ancestral species and uncovered the overwhelming effect of pre-existing metabolic network structure on carotenoid diversification over the last 50 million years of avian evolution. Over evolutionary time, birds repeatedly subsampled and recombined conserved biochemical modules, which likely maintained the overall structure of the carotenoid metabolic network during avian evolution. These findings explain the recurrent convergence of evolutionary distant species in carotenoid metabolism and weak phylogenetic signal in avian carotenoid evolution. Remarkable retention of an ancient metabolic structure throughout extensive and prolonged ecological diversification in avian carotenoid metabolism illustrates a fundamental requirement of organismal evolution - historical continuity of a deterministic network that links past and present functional associations of its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Badyaev AV, Morrison ES. Emergent buffering balances evolvability and robustness in the evolution of phenotypic flexibility. Evolution 2018; 72:647-662. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Erin S. Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York 10024
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Morrison ES, Badyaev AV. Beyond topology: coevolution of structure and flux in metabolic networks. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1796-1809. [PMID: 28665024 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the structure of a metabolic network and its functional properties underlie its evolutionary diversification, but the mechanism by which such interactions arise remains elusive. Particularly unclear is whether metabolic fluxes that determine the concentrations of compounds produced by a metabolic network, are causally linked to a network's structure or emerge independently of it. A direct empirical study of populations where both structural and functional properties vary among individuals' metabolic networks is required to establish whether changes in structure affect the distribution of metabolic flux. In a population of house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), we reconstructed full carotenoid metabolic networks for 442 individuals and uncovered 11 structural variants of this network with different compounds and reactions. We examined the consequences of this structural diversity for the concentrations of plumage-bound carotenoids produced by flux in these networks. We found that concentrations of metabolically derived, but not dietary carotenoids, depended on network structure. Flux was partitioned similarly among compounds in individuals of the same network structure: within each network, compound concentrations were closely correlated. The highest among-individual variation in flux occurred in networks with the strongest among-compound correlations, suggesting that changes in the magnitude, but not the distribution of flux, underlie individual differences in compound concentrations on a static network structure. These findings indicate that the distribution of flux in carotenoid metabolism closely follows network structure. Thus, evolutionary diversification and local adaptations in carotenoid metabolism may depend more on the gain or loss of enzymatic reactions than on changes in flux within a network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Higginson DM, Belloni V, Davis SN, Morrison ES, Andrews JE, Badyaev AV. Evolution of long-term coloration trends with biochemically unstable ingredients. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0403. [PMID: 27194697 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily persistent and widespread use of carotenoid pigments in animal coloration contrasts with their biochemical instability. Consequently, evolution of carotenoid-based displays should include mechanisms to accommodate or limit pigment degradation. In birds, this could involve two strategies: (i) evolution of a moult immediately prior to the mating season, enabling the use of particularly fast-degrading carotenoids and (ii) evolution of the ability to stabilize dietary carotenoids through metabolic modification or association with feather keratins. Here, we examine evolutionary lability and transitions between the two strategies across 126 species of birds. We report that species that express mostly unmodified, fast-degrading, carotenoids have pre-breeding moults, and a particularly short time between carotenoid deposition and the subsequent breeding season. Species that expressed mostly slow-degrading carotenoids in their plumage accomplished this through increased metabolic modification of dietary carotenoids, and the selective expression of these slow-degrading compounds. In these species, the timing of moult was not associated with carotenoid composition of plumage displays. Using repeated samples from individuals of one species, we found that metabolic modification of dietary carotenoids significantly slowed their degradation between moult and breeding season. Thus, the most complex and colourful ornamentation is likely the most biochemically stable in birds, and depends less on ecological factors, such as moult timing and migration tendency. We suggest that coevolution of metabolic modification, selective expression and biochemical stability of plumage carotenoids enables the use of unstable pigments in long-term evolutionary trends in plumage coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Higginson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Virginia Belloni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah N Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erin S Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John E Andrews
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Morrison ES, Badyaev AV. Structuring evolution: biochemical networks and metabolic diversification in birds. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:168. [PMID: 27561312 PMCID: PMC5000421 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence and predictability of evolution are thought to reflect the correspondence between genomic and phenotypic dimensions of organisms, and the connectivity in deterministic networks within these dimensions. Direct examination of the correspondence between opportunities for diversification imbedded in such networks and realized diversity is illuminating, but is empirically challenging because both the deterministic networks and phenotypic diversity are modified in the course of evolution. Here we overcome this problem by directly comparing the structure of a “global” carotenoid network – comprising of all known enzymatic reactions among naturally occurring carotenoids – with the patterns of evolutionary diversification in carotenoid-producing metabolic networks utilized by birds. Results We found that phenotypic diversification in carotenoid networks across 250 species was closely associated with enzymatic connectivity of the underlying biochemical network – compounds with greater connectivity occurred the most frequently across species and were the hotspots of metabolic pathway diversification. In contrast, we found no evidence for diversification along the metabolic pathways, corroborating findings that the utilization of the global carotenoid network was not strongly influenced by history in avian evolution. Conclusions The finding that the diversification in species-specific carotenoid networks is qualitatively predictable from the connectivity of the underlying enzymatic network points to significant structural determinism in phenotypic evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0731-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Alexander V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Cox RM, McGlothlin JW, Bonier F. Evolutionary Endocrinology: Hormones as Mediators of Evolutionary Phenomena: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:121-5. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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