1
|
Umapathy D, Karthikeyan MC, Ponnuchamy K, Kannan MK, Ganeshan M, Arockiam AJV. The absence of cellular glucose triggers oncogene AEG-1 that instigates VEGFC in HCC: A possible genetic root cause of angiogenesis. Gene X 2022; 826:146446. [PMID: 35337853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) is the master and multi-regulator of the various transcriptional factor primarily regulating chemoresistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion under the pathological condition, including liver cancer. This study was focused on investigating the process of tumor angiogenesis in liver carcinoma by studying the role of AEG-1 under GD/2DG conditions. METHOD AND RESULTS The PCR and western blot analysis revealed that glucose depletion (GD) induces the overexpression of AEG-1. Further, it leads to the constant expression of VEGFC through the activation of HIF-1α/CCR7 via the stimulations of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. GLUT2 is the major transporter of a glucose molecule that is highly participating under GD through the expression of AEG-1 and constantly expresses glucokinase (GCK). The obtained data suggest that AEG-1 act as an angiogenesis and glycolysis regulator by modulating the expression of GCK through HIF-1α and GLUT2. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a glycolysis inhibitor that induces impaired glycolysis and cellular apoptosis by cellular oxidative stress. The administration of 2DG has led to the chemoresistance of AEG-1. CONCLUSION The total findings of the study judged that disruption of cellular energy metabolism induced by the absence of glucose or the presence of mutant glucose moiety (2DG) promotes the overexpression of AEG-1. The GD/2DG activates the VEGFC by inducing the HIF-1α and CCR7. Moreover, AEG-1 induces the expression of OPN, which regulates metastasis, angiogenesis, and actively participates in protective autophagy by promoting LC3 a/b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devan Umapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mano Chitra Karthikeyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ganeshan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony Joseph Velanganni Arockiam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maiborodin I, Mansurova A, Chernyavskiy A, Romanov A, Voitcitctkii V, Kedrova A, Tarkhov A, Chernyshova A, Krasil’nikov S. Cancer Angiogenesis and Opportunity of Influence on Tumor by Changing Vascularization. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030327. [PMID: 35330327 PMCID: PMC8954734 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the study of recent scientific literature devoted to neovascularization and angiogenesis in malignant neoplasms, it was concluded that there are many publications on each of the problems of tumor angiogenesis and vascularization. The formation of blood vessels in a tumor and certain aspects of the prognostic value of the severity of vascularization in almost all forms of cancer are considered. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of angiogenesis in tumors of the female reproductive system. A large number of vessels in the tumor often indicates a poor prognosis. The influence of various factors on the initiation of angiogenesis and the process itself, as well as the possibility of suppressing such signals to slow down the formation of blood vessels and thus the development of the tumor are widely studied. The results of pharmacological suppression of tumor vessel formation demonstrate a good clinical outcome but one accompanied by a large number of severe adverse side effects. Such a significant amount of studies on each of the problems of tumor vascularization indicates the increasing importance of this area of oncology. At the same time, only a very small number of works are devoted to the study of the differences in angiogenesis and number of vessels between different parts of the tumor, as well as between the primary tumor node and its metastases. The refinement of the results is still to be done. It was noted that the expression of proangiogenic factors in metastases is usually higher than in the source of metastasis, and the expression in lymphogenous metastases is higher than in hematogenous ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maiborodin
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alfija Mansurova
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexander Chernyavskiy
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexander Romanov
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Vladimir Voitcitctkii
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Anna Kedrova
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexander Tarkhov
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Alena Chernyshova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey Krasil’nikov
- The E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 30055 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.T.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao X, Sun Y, Sun X, Li J, Shi X, Liang Z, Ma Y, Zhang X. AEG-1 Knockdown Sensitizes Glioma Cells to Radiation Through Impairing Homologous Recombination Via Targeting RFC5. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:895-905. [PMID: 34042508 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the most important adjuvant treatment for glioma; however, radioresistance is the major cause for inevitable recurrence and poor survival of glioma patients. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) on the radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Immunohistochemistry assay found that AEG-1 was generally overexpressed in glioma tissues and was correlated with poor clinicopathological features of glioma patients. AEG-1 knockdown inhibited proliferation of glioma cells. And γ-H2AX foci assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that AEG-1 depletion enhanced radiosensitivity and promoted apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in G2 phase of glioma cells treated by ionizing radiation. Moreover, replication factor C5 (RFC5) was screened as the target of AEG-1 by using Affymetrix human gene expression array, and RFC5 expression was downregulated in AEG-1 knockdown glioma cells. Mechanistically, AEG-1 knockdown impaired homologous recombination repair activity induced by radiation through inhibiting RFC5 expression. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high levels of AEG-1 and RFC5 were related to poor prognosis of glioma patients treated with radiotherapy. Taken together, our findings indicate that AEG-1 may serve as a reliable radiosensitizing target for glioma radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuanzi Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhinan Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan M, Sarkar D. The Scope of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) in Cancer Clinicopathology: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020308. [PMID: 33671513 PMCID: PMC7927008 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its initial cloning in 2002, a plethora of studies in a vast number of cancer indications, has strongly established AEG-1 as a bona fide oncogene. In all types of cancer cells, overexpression and knockdown studies have demonstrated that AEG-1 performs a seminal role in regulating proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, the defining cancer hallmarks, by a variety of mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions activating diverse oncogenic pathways, RNA-binding promoting translation and regulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism and tumor microenvironment. These findings have been strongly buttressed by demonstration of increased tumorigenesis in tissue-specific AEG-1 transgenic mouse models, and profound resistance of multiple types of cancer development and progression in total and conditional AEG-1 knockout mouse models. Additionally, clinicopathologic correlations of AEG-1 expression in a diverse array of cancers establishing AEG-1 as an independent biomarker for highly aggressive, chemoresistance metastatic disease with poor prognosis have provided a solid foundation to the mechanistic and mouse model studies. In this review a comprehensive analysis of the current and up-to-date literature is provided to delineate the clinical significance of AEG-1 in cancer highlighting the commonality of the findings and the discrepancies and discussing the implications of these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Khan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
AlMourgi M, Alzahrani R, Elsawy WH, Gharib AF, El Askary A, Amin HS, Raafat N. Astrocyte elevated gene-1: A potential molecular non-invasive marker for prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Papatsirou M, Artemaki PI, Scorilas A, Kontos CK. The role of circular RNAs in therapy resistance of patients with solid tumors. Per Med 2020; 17:469-490. [PMID: 33052780 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of single-stranded RNA molecules forming a covalently closed, continuous structure, lacking 5'-3' polarity and polyadenylated tails. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that these molecules are abundant, resistant to degradation and often expressed in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner. circRNAs are produced by back-splicing circularization of primary transcripts and exhibit a variety of functions, including regulation of transcription, translation and cellular localization. This review focuses on differentially expressed circRNAs conferring therapy resistance or sensitivity of solid tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas and lymphomas. Deregulated circRNAs can participate in the development of resistance to treatment by modulating regulatory pathways and cellular processes, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papatsirou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Pinelopi I Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Zhang LJ, Dang YW, Li SH, Yan HB, Chen G. Clinical significance and effect of MTDH/AEG-1 in bladder urothelial cancer: a study based on immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq, and in vitro verification. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6921-6936. [PMID: 30588098 PMCID: PMC6298393 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s176887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of metadherin/astrocyte elevated gene-1 (MTDH/AEG-1) has been implicated in various cancers. However, the clinical significance and the potential biological functions of MTDH/AEG-1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) are not established. Methods In this study, the expression of MTDH/AEG-1in BUC was measured using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemistry, together with a meta-analysis, to investigate the expression and diagnostic value of MTDH/AEG-1. The possible association between MTDH/AEG-1 expression and the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in BUC cell lines (T24, HT1376, and RT4) was also assessed in vitro by viability, MTS, colony formation, and caspase-3/7 assays, as well as Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Results MTDH/AEG-1 expression was significantly higher in BUC tissues than in normal bladder tissues, according to the TCGA and immunohistochemistry results, and these findings were verified by the meta-analysis. Functional knockdown of MTDH/AEG-1 suppressed BUC cell growth and induced apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses indicated an involvement of MTDH/AEG-1 in several processes, including RNA binding, protein transport, intracellular transport, and the insulin signaling pathway. Conclusion We hypothesize that MTDH/AEG-1 could play essential roles in BUC, especially in cell growth and apoptosis, via the insulin signaling pathway.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China, ,
| | - Hai-Biao Yan
- Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China, ,
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|