1
|
Abstract
This chapter discusses infections of rats with viruses in the following 14 virus families: Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Pneumoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Poxviridae, and Reoviridae . Serological surveys indicate that parvoviruses, coronaviruses, cardioviruses, and pneumoviruses are the most prevalent in laboratory rats. A new polyomavirus and a new cardiovirus that cause disease in laboratory rats are described. Metagenomic analyses of feces or intestinal contents from wild rats have detected viruses from an additional nine virus families that could potentially cause infections in laboratory rats.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wild Rats, Laboratory Rats, Pet Rats: Global Seoul Hantavirus Disease Revisited. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070652. [PMID: 31319534 PMCID: PMC6669632 DOI: 10.3390/v11070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports from Europe and the USA described Seoul orthohantavirus infection in pet rats and their breeders/owners, suggesting the potential emergence of a “new” public health problem. Wild and laboratory rat-induced Seoul infections have, however, been described since the early eighties, due to the omnipresence of the rodent reservoir, the brown rat Rattus norvegicus. Recent studies showed no fundamental differences between the pathogenicity and phylogeny of pet rat-induced Seoul orthohantaviruses and their formerly described wild or laboratory rat counterparts. The paucity of diagnosed Seoul virus-induced disease in the West is in striking contrast to the thousands of cases recorded since the 1980s in the Far East, particularly in China. This review of four continents (Asia, Europe, America, and Africa) puts this “emerging infection” into a historical perspective, concluding there is an urgent need for greater medical awareness of Seoul virus-induced human pathology in many parts of the world. Given the mostly milder and atypical clinical presentation, sometimes even with preserved normal kidney function, the importance of simple but repeated urine examination is stressed, since initial but transient proteinuria and microhematuria are rarely lacking.
Collapse
|
3
|
Byers KB. Zoonotic Infections from Hantavirus and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) Associated with Rodent Colonies That Were Not Experimentally Infected. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676018795476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Jiang F, Wang L, Wang S, Zhu L, Dong L, Zhang Z, Hao B, Yang F, Liu W, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Pan B, Han Y, Ren H, Cao G. Meteorological factors affect the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome via altering the breeding and hantavirus-carrying states of rodents and mites: a 9 years' longitudinal study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e104. [PMID: 29184158 PMCID: PMC5717093 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao, China was three times higher than that of the average national level. Here we characterized the epidemiology, ecological determinants and pathogen evolution of HFRS in Qingdao during 2007–2015. In this longitudinal study, a total of 1846 HFRS patients and 41 HFRS-related deaths were reported. HFRS in Qingdao peaked once a year in the fourth quarter. We built a time series generalized additive model, and found that meteorological factors in the previous quarter could accurately predict HFRS occurrence. To explore how meteorological factors influenced the epidemic of HFRS, we analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and hantavirus-carrying states of the hosts (including rodents and shrews). Comprehensive analysis showed humidity was correlated to high host densities in the third quarter and high hantavirus-carrying rates of animal hosts in the third to fourth quarters, which might contribute to HFRS peak in the fourth quarter. We further compared the L segments of hantaviruses from HFRS patients, animal hosts and ectoparasites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that hantaviruses in gamasid and trombiculid mites were the same as those from the hosts. This indicated mites also contributed to the transmission of hantavirus. Furthermore, Hantaan virus from HFRS patients, hosts and mites in Qingdao formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster. A new clade of Seoul virus was also identified in the hosts. Overall, meteorological factors increase HFRS incidence possibly via facilitating hosts’ reproduction and consequent mite-mediated hantavirus transmission. New hantavirus subtypes evolved in Qingdao represent new challenges of fighting against HFRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fachun Jiang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Dong
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhentang Zhang
- Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Huangdao District, Qingdao, China
| | - Bi Hao
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Pan
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yalin Han
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamdan NES, Ng YL, Lee WB, Tan CS, Khan FAA, Chong YL. Rodent Species Distribution and Hantavirus Seroprevalence in Residential and Forested areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2017; 28:151-159. [PMID: 28228923 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents belong to the order Rodentia, which consists of three families in Borneo (i.e., Muridae, Sciuridae and Hystricidae). These include rats, mice, squirrels, and porcupines. They are widespread throughout the world and considered pests that harm humans and livestock. Some rodent species are natural reservoirs of hantaviruses (Family: Bunyaviridae) that can cause zoonotic diseases in humans. Although hantavirus seropositive human sera were reported in Peninsular Malaysia in the early 1980s, information on their infection in rodent species in Malaysia is still lacking. The rodent populations in residential and forested areas in Sarawak were sampled. A total of 108 individuals from 15 species of rodents were collected in residential (n = 44) and forested ( n = 64) areas. The species diversity of rodents in forested areas was significantly higher (H = 2.2342) compared to rodents in residential areas (H = 0.64715) (p < 0.001 of Zar-t test based on the Shannon index). Rattus rattus and Sundamys muelleri were present at high frequencies in both localities. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that hantavirus-targeting antibodies were absent from 53 tested serum samples. This is the first report of hantavirus seroprevalence surveillance in rodent populations in Sarawak, East Malaysia. The results suggested that hantavirus was not circulating in the studied rodent populations in Sarawak, or it was otherwise at a low prevalence that is below the detection threshold. It is important to remain vigilant because of the zoonotic potential of this virus and its severe disease outcome. Further studies, such as molecular detection of viral genetic materials, are needed to fully assess the risk of hantavirus infection in rodents and humans in this region of Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Elfieyra Syazana Hamdan
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Ng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wei Bin Lee
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Siang Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Chong
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Dato Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Dong X, Yuan J, Zhang H, Yang X, Zhou P, Ge X, Li Y, Wang LF, Shi Z. Hantavirus outbreak associated with laboratory rats in Yunnan, China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:638-44. [PMID: 20380897 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurred among students in a college (College A) in Kunming, Yunnan province, China in 2003. Subsequent investigations revealed the presence of hantavirus antibodies and antigens in laboratory rats at College A and two other institutions. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 15 additional individuals other than the index case in these three locations. Epidemiologic data indicated that the human infections were a result of zoonotic transmission of the virus from laboratory rats. A virus was isolated from rats in College A and the full-length genome sequence revealed that this was a new Hantaan virus isolate, designated strain KY. Sequence analysis of the three genome segments indicated that this new isolate is a reassortant derived from human and rat Hantaan viruses. Further sequence analysis of the medium (M) genome segment revealed that it originated from a recombination event between two rat Hantaan virus lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang YZ, Dong X, Li X, Ma C, Xiong HP, Yan GJ, Gao N, Jiang DM, Li MH, Li LP, Zou Y, Plyusnin A. Seoul virus and hantavirus disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:200-6. [PMID: 19193263 PMCID: PMC2662651 DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurred among students in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University in 2006. We conducted a study to characterize etiologic agents of the outbreaks and clarify the origin of hantaviruses causing infections in humans and laboratory animals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG antibodies against Seoul virus (SEOV) were detected in the serum samples of all 8 patients. IgG antibodies against hantavirus were also identified in laboratory rats, which were used by these students for their scientific research. Phylogenetic analysis showed that partial small segment sequences recovered from humans, laboratory rats, and local wild rats belonged to SEOV. Hantavirus sequences recovered from humans and laboratory rats clustered within 1 of 3 lineages of SEOV circulating among local wild rats in Shenyang. These results suggest that the HFRS outbreak in Shenyang was caused by SEOV that was circulating among local wild rats and had also infected the laboratory rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jonsson CB, Hooper J, Mertz G. Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Antiviral Res 2007; 78:162-9. [PMID: 18093668 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses in the genus Hantavirus can cause one of two serious illnesses when transmitted from rodents to humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Of the two diseases, HPS is more severe with an approximate 40% mortality across the Americas. The high rate of mortality could be reduced if effective therapeutics could be discovered for treatment of this illness. Herein we review approaches being explored for the discovery of therapeutics for HPS and how they could be employed in treatment and prevention of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2000 9th Avenue South, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|