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Lozano PM, Bobb JF, Kapos FP, Cruz M, Mooney SJ, Hurvitz PM, Anau J, Theis MK, Cook A, Moudon AV, Arterburn DE, Drewnowski A. Residential Density Is Associated With BMI Trajectories in Children and Adolescents: Findings From the Moving to Health Study. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100225. [PMID: 38682047 PMCID: PMC11046231 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the associations between built environment features and 3-year BMI trajectories in children and adolescents. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic health records of individuals aged 5-18 years living in King County, Washington, from 2005 to 2017. Built environment features such as residential density; counts of supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, and parks; and park area were measured using SmartMaps at 1,600-meter buffers. Linear mixed-effects models performed in 2022 tested whether built environment variables at baseline were associated with BMI change within age cohorts (5, 9, and 13 years), adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Medicaid, BMI, and residential property values (SES measure). Results At 3-year follow-up, higher residential density was associated with lower BMI increase for girls across all age cohorts and for boys in age cohorts of 5 and 13 years but not for the age cohort of 9 years. Presence of fast food was associated with higher BMI increase for boys in the age cohort of 5 years and for girls in the age cohort of 9 years. There were no significant associations between BMI change and counts of parks, and park area was only significantly associated with BMI change among boys in the age cohort of 5 years. Conclusions Higher residential density was associated with lower BMI increase in children and adolescents. The effect was small but may accumulate over the life course. Built environment factors have limited independent impact on 3-year BMI trajectories in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Maria Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Flavia P. Kapos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maricela Cruz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen J. Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip M. Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography & Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David E. Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Rahmaty Z, Johantgen ME, Storr CL, Wang Y, Black MM. Preschoolers BMI: Associations with Patterns of Caregivers' Feeding Practices Using Structural Equation Models. Child Obes 2023; 19:169-178. [PMID: 35649202 PMCID: PMC10122251 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is a major health concern. Caregivers' feeding practices are modifiable targets of obesity prevention. The study tested two hypotheses: (1) autonomy-promoting feeding practices are associated with lower BMI; and (2) diet mediates the association. We also explored examined whether feeding practices and BMI z-score (BMIz) associations are moderated by child sex, caregiver race, education, family poverty level, and food insecurity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 437 preschoolers (44.4% girls, 38.2% Black/Other, mean age 48.1 months) and caregivers (90.2% female) from 50 child care centers. Feeding Practices were measured by Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, child-size perception by preschooler silhouettes, temperament by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, child diet by Young Children Food and Drink Questionnaire, and BMIz by measured weight and height. Latent profile analysis delineated feeding practice patterns. Structure equation modeling assessed the patterns in relationship to BMIz. Mediation and multiple-group analyses were used to assess mechanisms of feeding practice patterns and BMIz association. Results: From the three feeding practice patterns, Controlling, Balancing, and Regulating, Regulating was associated with lower child BMIz (b = -0.09) compared to Controlling. Higher difficult temperament (b = 0.09), higher caregiver BMIz (b = 0.26), and caregiver desire for thinner (b = 0.23) were associated with BMIz (p < 0.05). Evaluations of moderators and mediators were not significant. Conclusions: Comprehensive feeding practices support family factors related to child BMIz. Longitudinal research is needed to examine temporal associations between feeding practices and BMIz, with attention to autonomy-supporting practices, promotion of young children's self-regulation, and caregivers' perceptions of child temperament and size. Trial Registration: NCT03111264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmaty
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), Department of Biology and Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mary E. Johantgen
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carla L. Storr
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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3
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Jiang J, Lau PWC, Li Y, Gao D, Chen L, Chen M, Ma Y, Ma T, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Association of fast-food restaurants with overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13536. [PMID: 36519593 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore associations between the accessibility of fast-food restaurants (FFRs) and weight-related outcomes in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies. We searched three databases for studies published before October 21, 2022. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed, and the leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 60 studies were included. According to our analysis, FFRs within a smaller buffer radius from residences or that provide unhealthy foods may have a more significant influence on children's and adolescents' weight. Children of younger ages and girls may have a higher possibility of being overweight due to FFRs. Though we could hardly avoid bias, the estimates in low-and middle-income countries (only six studies) are much higher than those in high-income countries (54 studies). More research analyses based on microscope data and individual economic levels are needed. This study yields quantitative results, provides policymakers and urban planners with a theoretical support for building resilient and sustainable human settlements, and promotes the translation of research findings from public health to environmental planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.,School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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4
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Ye T, Yu P, Wen B, Yang Z, Huang W, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Li S. Greenspace and health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120193. [PMID: 36122655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has linked greenspace and various health outcomes in children and adolescents, but the conclusions were inconsistent. For this review, we comprehensively summarized the measurement methods of greenspace, resultant health outcomes, and potential mechanisms from epidemiological studies in children and adolescents (aged ≤19 years). We searched for studies published and indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE (via Ovid) up to April 11, 2022. There were a total of 9,291 studies identified with 140 articles from 28 countries finally assessed and included in this systematic review. Over 70% of the studies were conducted in highly urbanised countries/regions, but very limited research has been done in low-and middle-income countries and none in Africa. Measures of greenspace varied. Various health outcomes were reported, including protective effects of greenspace exposure on aspects of obesity/overweight, myopia, lung health, circulatory health, cognitive function, and general health in children and adolescents. The associations between greenspace exposure and other health outcomes were inconsistent, especially for respiratory health studies. We pooled odds ratios (OR) using random-effects meta-analysis for health outcomes of asthma (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.06), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.25), and obesity/overweight (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84 to 0.98) with per 0.1 unit increase in normalized difference in vegetation index (NDVI). These associations have important implications for the assessment and management of urban environment and health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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5
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Interaction effects of socio-economic position in the association between eating location and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:940-947. [PMID: 34743770 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the interaction effect of socio-economic environment (SEE) in the relationship between the eating location (EL) and diet quality, in children and adolescents. Data included Portuguese children and adolescents (3-17 years) from a National Dietary Survey Sample (IAN-AF 2015/2016, n 987). Dietary intake was obtained by 2-d food diaries (children) or 2-24-h-recall (adolescents). Participants were classified into four groups of EL: 'Home', 'Other homes', 'School' and 'Restaurants'. Diet quality was measured as a higher adherence to a healthy eating pattern. A previous developed socio-economic classification was used, and participants were grouped as belonging to a low socio-economic environment (LSE) or middle-high socio-economic environment (MHSE). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between EL and diet quality, stratified by the SEE. A statistically significant interaction effect was found (P < 0·01) for the SEE in the association between EL and diet quality. After adjustment for potential confounders, in LSE, participants belonging to 'Other homes' (β = -2·07; 95 % CI:-3·70, -0·44) and 'Restaurants' (β = -3·31; 95 % CI: -5·08, -1·54) had lower scores in the diet quality score, comparing to 'Home'. In MHSE, comparing with 'Home', 'Restaurants' showed lower diet quality (β = -1·56; 95 % CI:-2·65, -0·48), while the 'School' had better diet quality (β = 0·90; 95 % CI: 0·16, 1·64). The SEE influences the association between EL and diet quality and, belonging to more disadvantaged SEE, might represent a higher risk of unhealthy eating habits when eating out-of-home.
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6
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Paciência I, Moreira A, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Santos AC, Barros H, Ribeiro AI. Association between Land Use Mix and Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Children from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort. J Urban Health 2022; 99:218-230. [PMID: 35066785 PMCID: PMC9033904 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Land use mix (LUM) in the neighbourhoods has been associated with healthier lifestyles. However, less is known about the association between LUM and health outcomes, namely during childhood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between different LUM indexes for Porto Metropolitan Area and asthma and respiratory symptoms in children. A cross-sectional analysis was performed involving 6260 children enrolled in Generation XXI. Land use around the child's residence was assessed with the Portuguese official map of land cover using a GIS. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were fitted to estimate the association between LUM and respiratory symptoms and asthma at 7 years of age. Adjusted associations were quantified using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). After adjustment, LUM was associated with a lower odds of wheezing in the last 12 months [OR (95% CI) = 0.37 (0.15; 0.93) using Shannon's Evenness Index within 500 m; and OR = 0.93 (0.89; 0.98) using the number of different land use types within 250 m]. Living in neighbourhoods with high LUM has a protective effect on current wheezing symptoms. Our results highlight the association between LUM and respiratory symptoms among children, suggesting that public health considerations should be incorporated in land use decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal. .,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200- 319, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200- 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200- 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200- 319, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Tarro S, Lahdenperä M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Lagström H. Parental feeding practices and child eating behavior in different socioeconomic neighborhoods and their association with childhood weight. The STEPS study. Health Place 2022; 74:102745. [PMID: 35247796 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Child obesity risk, child eating behavior and parental feeding practices show a graded association with individual level socioeconomic status. However, their associations with neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage are largely unknown. In this study (n = 682), we investigated how parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors were associated with body mass index and risk of overweight at preschool age in affluent and disadvantaged neighborhoods. We found that high food approach tendency in disadvantaged neighborhoods predicted higher body mass index and increased the risk of overweight at the age of 6 years compared with affluent neighborhoods. Our results suggest that children's eating habits may have stronger impact on overweight risk in disadvantaged than in affluent neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Tarro
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku Uniikversity Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku Uniikversity Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku Uniikversity Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku Uniikversity Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku Uniikversity Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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8
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Hyuga A, Larson PS, Ndemwa M, Muuo SW, Changoma M, Karama M, Goto K, Kaneko S. Environmental and Household-Based Spatial Risks for Tungiasis in an Endemic Area of Coastal Kenya. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 35051118 PMCID: PMC8778305 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungiasis is a cutaneous parasitosis caused by an embedded female sand flea. The distribution of cases can be spatially heterogeneous even in areas with similar risk profiles. This study assesses household and remotely sensed environmental factors that contribute to the geographic distribution of tungiasis cases in a rural area along the Southern Kenyan Coast. Data on household tungiasis case status, demographic and socioeconomic information, and geographic locations were recorded during regular survey activities of the Health and Demographic Surveillance System, mainly during 2011. Data were joined with other spatial data sources using latitude/longitude coordinates. Generalized additive models were used to predict and visualize spatial risks for tungiasis. The household-level prevalence of tungiasis was 3.4% (272/7925). There was a 1.1% (461/41,135) prevalence of infection among all participants. A significant spatial variability was observed in the unadjusted model (p-value < 0.001). The number of children per household, earthen floor, organic roof, elevation, aluminum content in the soil, and distance to the nearest animal reserve attenuated the odds ratios and partially explained the spatial variation of tungiasis. Spatial heterogeneity in tungiasis risk remained even after a factor adjustment. This suggests that there are possible unmeasured factors associated with the complex ecology of sand fleas that may contribute to the disease's uneven distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hyuga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan;
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan;
| | - Peter S. Larson
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Project, C/O Centre for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, Nairobi P.O. Box 19993-00202, Kenya; (P.S.L.); (S.W.M.); (M.C.)
- Social Environment and Health, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Morris Ndemwa
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan;
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Project, C/O Centre for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, Nairobi P.O. Box 19993-00202, Kenya; (P.S.L.); (S.W.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sheru W. Muuo
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Project, C/O Centre for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, Nairobi P.O. Box 19993-00202, Kenya; (P.S.L.); (S.W.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mwatasa Changoma
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Project, C/O Centre for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, Nairobi P.O. Box 19993-00202, Kenya; (P.S.L.); (S.W.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mohamed Karama
- Centre of Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Off Mbagathi Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya;
| | - Kensuke Goto
- Division of Health and Safety Sciences Education, Department of Educational Collaboration, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara-shi 582-8582, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan;
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan;
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Project, C/O Centre for Microbiology Research, KEMRI, Nairobi P.O. Box 19993-00202, Kenya; (P.S.L.); (S.W.M.); (M.C.)
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9
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D. Child obesity moderates the association between poverty and academic achievement. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Department of Psychology University of La Verne La Verne California USA
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10
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Abstract
Childhood obesity is an epidemic in the US. This article discusses the evolution, prevention, and associated physical and psychosocial consequences of and interventions for obesity in the pediatric population.
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11
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Yang J, Yang H, Xu A, He L. A Review of Advancement on Influencing Factors of Acne: An Emphasis on Environment Characteristics. Front Public Health 2020; 8:450. [PMID: 33042936 PMCID: PMC7527424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is known as a commonly-seen skin disease with a considerable impact on the quality of life. At present, there have been a growing number of epidemiological, medical, demographic and sociological researches focusing on various influencing factors in the occurrence of acne. Nevertheless, the correlation between environmental factors and acne has yet to be fully investigated. Objective: To assess the impacts of individual, natural and social environmental factors on acne and to construct a framework for the potential impact of built environment on acne. Methods: A thorough review was conducted into the published social demographical, epidemiological, and environmental studies on acne through PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, with reference made to the relevant literature. Results: The influencing factors in acne are classed into four major categories. The first one includes individual socio-economic and biological factors, for example, gender, age, economic level, heredity, obesity, skin type, menstrual cycle (for females), diet, smoking, cosmetics products, electronic products, sleep quality and psychological factors. The second one includes such natural environmental factors as temperature, humidity, sun exposure, air pollution and chloracne. The third one relates to social environment, including social network and social media. The last one includes built environmental factors, for example, population density, food stores, green spaces, as well as other built environment characteristics for transport. Acne can be affected negatively by family history, overweight, obesity, oily or mixed skin, irregular menstrual cycles, sugary food, greasy food, dairy products, smoking, the improper use of cosmetics, the long-term use of electronics, the poor quality of sleep, stress, high temperature, sun exposure, air pollution, mineral oils and halogenated hydrocarbons. Apart from that, there are also potential links between built environment and acne. Conclusions: It is necessary to determine the correlation between the built environment and acne based on the understanding of the impact of traditional factors (sociology of population and environment) on acne gained by multidisciplinary research teams. Moreover, more empirical studies are required to reveal the specific relationship between built environment and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Yang
- The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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Ribeiro AI, Fraga S, Correia-Costa L, McCrory C, Barros H. Socioeconomic disadvantage and health in early childhood: a population-based birth cohort study from Portugal. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:503-511. [PMID: 32005033 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring early socioeconomic inequalities in health provides evidence to understand the patterns of disease. Thus, our aim was to determine which children's health outcomes are patterned by socioeconomics and to what extent the magnitude/direction of the differences vary by socioeconomic measure and outcome. METHODS Data on early childhood (4 years) health was obtained from Generation XXI birth cohort (n = 8647). A total of 27 health outcomes and 13 socioeconomic indicators at the individual level and neighbourhood level were used to calculate the relative index of inequality (RII). RESULTS Socioeconomic inequalities were evident across 21 of the 27 health outcomes. Education, occupation and income more often captured inequalities, compared with neighbourhood deprivation or employment status. Using highest maternal education as reference category, we observed that seizures (RII = 8.64), obesity (2.94), abdominal obesity (2.66), urinary tract infection (2.26), language/speech problems (2.24), hypertension (2.08) and insulin resistance (1.33) were heavily socially patterned, much more common in disadvantaged children. Contrastingly, eczema (0.26) and rhinitis (0.26) were more common among more advantaged children. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic inequalities were evident for almost every health outcome assessed, although with varying magnitude/direction according to the socioeconomic indicator and outcome. Our results reinforce that the social gradient in health manifests early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Egorov AI, Griffin SM, Converse RR, Styles JN, Klein E, Scott J, Sams EA, Hudgens EE, Wade TJ. Greater tree cover near residence is associated with reduced allostatic load in residents of central North Carolina. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109435. [PMID: 32315826 PMCID: PMC7584403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among urban residents, increased contacts with nature are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. The concept of allostatic load, a biomarker-based composite measure of physiological dysregulation, can be applied to study subclinical benefits of exposure, and to elucidate pathways leading to improved health. OBJECTIVE This research explored associations between residential vegetated land cover and an allostatic load index calculated using the statistical distance measure known as Mahalanobis distance. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study involved 186 adult residents of the Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina metropolitan area. Measures of tree and grass cover within 500 m of residence were derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's EnviroAtlas land cover database. Fifteen biomarkers of immune, neuroendocrine, and metabolic functions were analyzed in serum samples. Regression analysis was conducted using generalized additive models with thin-plate spline functions of geographic coordinates, adjusting for modelled traffic air pollution from local sources and sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The second and third tertiles of distance-weighted tree cover were associated with 14% (95% Confidence Limits 20%; 8%) and 15% (21%; 8%) reduction in adjusted median allostatic load, respectively, compared to the first tertile. The same tertiles of tree cover were also associated with 0.16 (0.03; 0.76) and 0.04 (0.01; 0.35) adjusted odds ratios of having allostatic load index above the 90th percentile of the sample distribution. Grass cover was inversely correlated with tree cover and was not associated with reduced allostatic load. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical beneficial health effects of green spaces demonstrated in this study are consistent with reduced susceptibility to acute environmental and social stressors, and reduced risks of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey I Egorov
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Shannon M Griffin
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Reagan R Converse
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer N Styles
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Klein
- ORAU Student Services Contractor, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James Scott
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sams
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Edward E Hudgens
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Wade
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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雨洋 张, 宁睿 刘, 瀛 龙, Yuyang Z, Ningrui L, Ying L. [Research on Healthy Neighborhood Evaluation System Based on the Combined Perspectives of Urban Planning and Public Health]. FENG JING YUAN LIN = LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2020; 27:96-103. [PMID: 38420146 PMCID: PMC7615674 DOI: 10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.11.0096.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neighborhoods are places where people spend the most time in their lives. Neighborhoods have a decisive impact on the residents' health. With several important tasks, including the transformation of old neighborhoods, the maintenance of existing neighborhoods, and the construction of new neighborhoods in the future, a scientific and reasonable evaluation standard is urgently needed to guide the development of healthy neighborhoods. To build the evaluation system, this paper first clarifies the principles for selecting evaluation indicators, which include: 1) the indicators are selected from a humanistic perspective; 2) the pathways between neighborhoods environment and health outcomes are deeply considered; 3) the indicators are selected from multiple scales. Secondly, based on the combined perspectives of urban planning and public health, it identifies the indicators that affect the residents' health in neighborhoods and searches the literature through the quality assessment to provide evidence to support the accuracy and effectiveness of the indicators. Finally, it proposes prospect to the evaluation, including 1) it is urgent to improve and utilize the healthy neighborhoods based on the Chinese condition; 2) advanced technologies need to be widely applied in neighborhoods in the future; 3) the transitions in cities should be considered in the future development of neighborhoods. It hopes that relevant researchers and government leaders to realize the importance and urgency of healthy neighborhoods to build more healthy neighborhoods in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- 张 雨洋
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
| | - 刘 宁睿
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
| | - 龙 瀛
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
| | - Zhang Yuyang
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
| | - Liu Ningrui
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
| | - Long Ying
- / / /
- ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood
- / / / 、
- LIU Ningrui is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on indoor air quality, healthy building and healthy city
- / / / / (Corresponding author Email):
- LONG Ying, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on urban and rural planning technical science
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