1
|
Babu D, Rowett D, Kalisch Ellett L, Marotti S, Wisdom A, Lim R, Harmon J. Exploration of 'micro' level factors that affect the involvement of clinical pharmacists in interprofessional ward rounds in hospitals: Through the lens of social cognitive theory. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:654-664. [PMID: 38627153 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macro and meso level factors that influence the participation by clinical pharmacists in ward rounds include pharmacy management culture, commitment to ward rounds and adequate time for ward rounds being included in workload models. The 'micro' level factors that affect the involvement of clinical pharmacists in ward rounds have not been widely explored. OBJECTIVE Explore 'micro' level factors to gain insight into clinical pharmacists' participation in interprofessional ward rounds in inpatient settings through the lens of social cognitive theory. METHOD A qualitative focused ethnographic study with five clinical pharmacists, four medical practitioners, one allied health professional and one nurse was conducted in three metropolitan hospitals in Southern Australia. Seven hours of semi-structured interview (n = 11) and 76-h of observations (n = 5) were conducted. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted (guided by Spradley) followed by reflexive thematic-analysis (according to Braun and Clarke's technique). RESULTS Three micro level factors influencing clinical pharmacist participation in ward rounds are: (1) Cognitive mindset of clinical pharmacists, (2) Behavioural conduct of clinical pharmacists, and (3) Social rules of the ward. Clinical pharmacists that did not participate in ward round reconciled their moral distress by transferring information without clinical judgement or interpretation of the patient scenario to medical practitioners. Clinical pharmacists that did participate in ward rounds demonstrated credibility by making relevant recommendations with a holistic lens. This enabled clinical pharmacists to be perceived as trustworthy by medical practitioners. Positive experiences of participating in ward rounds contributed to their cognitive upward spiral of thoughts and emotions, fostering continued participation. CONCLUSION Clinical pharmacists participate in ward rounds when they develop a positive mindset about ward round participation and perceive ward rounds as an enabler to the establishment of trusted professional relationships with medical practitioners. This trusted relationship creates an environment where the pharmacist develops confidence in making relevant recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dona Babu
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Debra Rowett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; Drug and Therapeutics Information Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa Kalisch Ellett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sally Marotti
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alice Wisdom
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renly Lim
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Joanne Harmon
- Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babu D, Marotti S, Rowett D, Lim R, Wisdom A, Kalisch Ellett L. What is impacting clinical pharmacists' participation in an interprofessional ward round: a thematic analysis of a national survey. J Interprof Care 2024; 38:444-452. [PMID: 38151971 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2289506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The ward round (WR) is an important opportunity for interprofessional interaction and communication enabling optimal patient care. Pharmacists' participation in the interprofessional WR can reduce adverse drug events and improve medication appropriateness and communication. WR participation by clinical pharmacists in Australia is currently limited. This study aims to explore what is impacting clinical pharmacists' participation in WRs in Australian hospitals. A self-administered, anonymous national survey of Australian clinical pharmacists was conducted. This study describes the outcomes from qualitative questions which were analyzed thematically in NVivo-2020 according to Braun and Clarke's techniques. Five themes were constructed: "Clinical pharmacy service structure", "Ward round structure", "Pharmacist's capabilities", "Culture" and "Value". A culture supportive of pharmacist's contribution with a consistent WR structure and flexible delivery of clinical pharmacy services enabled pharmacists' participation in WR. Being physically "absent" from the WR due to workload, workflow, and self-perception of the need for extensive clinical knowledge can limit opportunities for pharmacists to proactively contribute to medicines decision-making with physicians to improve patient care outcomes. Bidirectional communication between the interprofessional team and the pharmacist, where there is a co-construction of each individual's role in the WR facilitates consistent and inter-dependent collaborations for effective medication management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dona Babu
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally Marotti
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Rowett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Renly Lim
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alice Wisdom
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Kalisch Ellett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hatem NAH, Yousuf SA, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Al-Galal GS. Insights into participation in ward rounds in hospitals: A survey of clinical pharmacists' perceptions. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 17:2285957. [PMID: 38205197 PMCID: PMC10775710 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2023.2285957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical pharmacists' participation in ward rounds (WRs) has been a great chance to contribute to team-based care in the hospital setting and significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Hence, the objective of this investigation was to explore the perceptions of clinical pharmacists in Yemen regarding their participation in WRs and the factors influencing their involvement. Methods An online survey of Yemeni clinical pharmacists was conducted and lasted for two months. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey responses. Results a total of 120 participants were involved. About 3 out of 10 pharmacists had not previously participated in WRs, with only 30% having always or most of the time participated in word rounds alongside physicians. The results showed a positive perception of WR participation, with a median and IQR of 5(4-5). However, a lack of awareness of WR roles and the time-consuming nature of participation were the reasons for non-involvement. Conclusion The study highlights the positive perceptions of Yemeni clinical pharmacists towards ward rounds, but emphasises the need to address awareness and time constraints. Emphasising patient-centered care and longer internship durations can improve clinical pharmacist involvement. Future research should focus on optimising clinical pharmacist participation for better patient outcomes and care quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmaddin A. H. Hatem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeidah University, Al-Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Seena A. Yousuf
- Social Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | | | - Gubran S. Al-Galal
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu J, Chen M, He G, Chen B, Wang R. Evaluating clinical pharmacists' involvement in postoperative acute pain services: a multicenter survey in Guangdong Province, China. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283071. [PMID: 37849733 PMCID: PMC10577220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Postoperative pain management is an important part of surgical pharmacy. Postoperative acute pain services in China are in their initial stages. This survey aimed to investigate the attitudes, involvement, and knowledge of clinical pharmacists in China regarding postoperative acute pain services. The results can provide valuable information to guide clinical pharmacists in developing targeted strategies to improve their postoperative acute pain service capabilities. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the pharmacy departments of 133 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province, and the responses were collected electronically. Results: 123 completed questionnaires were collected from clinical pharmacists. Although 95.93% of clinical pharmacists believed they should participate in postoperative pain services, only 62.6% reported substantial involvement. Overall satisfaction with the postoperative pain service was 93.5%. Understanding of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics by clinical pharmacists was comparable (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 98.37% of clinical pharmacists desired systematic learning in postoperative pain management, and 40.65% expressed a strong need. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists in China demonstrate a positive attitude toward participating in postoperative acute pain services. However, the actual level of involvement was concerning, and the lack of systematic training and well-established work protocols may be contributing factors. Efforts should be made to establish comprehensive and standardized processes and work protocols for postoperative acute pain services and provide systematic and hierarchical professional training to enhance clinical pharmacists' capabilities in postoperative acute pain services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guansheng He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruolun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|