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Berridge BR. Animal Study Translation: The Other Reproducibility Challenge. ILAR J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animal research is currently an irreplaceable contributor to our efforts to protect and improve public health. Its relevance, importance, and contributions are represented in historical precedent, regulatory expectations, evidence of our rapidly developing understanding of human health and disease, as well as success in the development of novel therapeutics that are improving quality of life and extending human and animal life expectancy. The rapid and evolving success in responding to the current COVID pandemic significantly supported by animal studies is a clear example of the importance of animal research. But there is growing interest in reducing our dependence on animals and challenges to the effective translation of current animal studies to human applications. There are several potential contributors to gaps in the translatability of animal research to humans, including our approaches to choosing or rationalizing the relevance of a particular animal model, our understanding of their biological variability and how that applies to outcomes, the data we collect from animal studies, and even how we manage the animals. These important contributors to the success of animal research are explored in this issue of the ILAR Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research, Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Marsh GA, McAuley AJ, Au GG, Riddell S, Layton D, Singanallur NB, Layton R, Payne J, Durr PA, Bender H, Barr JA, Bingham J, Boyd V, Brown S, Bruce MP, Burkett K, Eastwood T, Edwards S, Gough T, Halpin K, Harper J, Holmes C, Horman WSJ, van Vuren PJ, Lowther S, Maynard K, McAuley KD, Neave MJ, Poole T, Rootes C, Rowe B, Soldani E, Stevens V, Stewart CR, Suen WW, Tachedjian M, Todd S, Trinidad L, Walter D, Watson N, Drew TW, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Vasan SS. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine candidate significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 shedding in ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:67. [PMID: 33972565 PMCID: PMC8110954 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are likely to be critical in the management of the ongoing pandemic. A number of candidates are in Phase III human clinical trials, including ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222), a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine candidate. In preclinical trials, the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against SARS-CoV-2 challenge was evaluated in a ferret model of infection. Groups of ferrets received either prime-only or prime-boost administration of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 via the intramuscular or intranasal route. All ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 administration combinations resulted in significant reductions in viral loads in nasal-wash and oral swab samples. No vaccine-associated adverse events were observed associated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 candidate, with the data from this study suggesting it could be an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19. Our study also indicates the potential for intranasal administration as a way to further improve the efficacy of this leading vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Marsh
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gough G Au
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Riddell
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Layton
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean Payne
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A Durr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Bender
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Barr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - John Bingham
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Boyd
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheree Brown
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew P Bruce
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathie Burkett
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa Eastwood
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Edwards
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Gough
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Halpin
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenni Harper
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Holmes
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - William S J Horman
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne Lowther
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Maynard
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristen D McAuley
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Neave
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Poole
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Rootes
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenton Rowe
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisha Soldani
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Vittoria Stevens
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron R Stewart
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Willy W Suen
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Trinidad
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Duane Walter
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Naomi Watson
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor W Drew
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S S Vasan
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
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