Kavanagh K, Flynn DM, Nelson C, Zhang L, Wagner JD. Characterization and validation of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in the vervet monkey.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011;
63:296-303. [PMID:
21356321 DOI:
10.1016/j.vascn.2011.02.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Streptozotocin (STZ), preferentially toxic to pancreatic beta cells, is commonly used to model Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in numerous species, including nonhuman primates.
METHODS
We induced DM in twenty vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) by intravenous administration of either 45 (n=8, STZ-45) or 55 mg/kg STZ (n=12, STZ-55); ten control (CTL) monkeys received saline.
RESULTS
Overall there was 15% mortality, likely secondary to renal toxicity. Twice-daily insulin therapy was initiated to maintain comparable glycemic control, confirmed by comparable glycated hemoglobin levels. Exogenous insulin requirements increased rapidly for 4weeks; STZ-45 insulin doses stabilized thereafter while STZ-55 doses continued to increase through 16weeks. Glucose tolerance testing and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion confirmed 80-90% reduction in pancreatic beta cell function in both groups. Body weight was reduced in all STZ monkeys, with return to baseline only in STZ-45 at 16 wks. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were noted in the STZ-55 group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) was also increased with STZ-55 (p < 0.05 vs. CTL) whereas STZ-45 ALKP elevation resolved by study end. Red cell parameters were reduced in all STZ monkeys, but more severely in the STZ-55 group.
DISCUSSION
We have demonstrated that a model of DM can be induced and maintained in vervets with a single dose of STZ. The lower dose of STZ (45 mg/kg) significantly improved the toxicity profile without altering efficacy in inducing DM. Finally, sufficient time following induction is recommended to allow transient renal, hepatic and hematologic parameters to resolve.
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