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Anjos RO, Portilho MM, Jacob-Nascimento LC, Carvalho CX, Moreira PSS, Sacramento GA, Nery Junior NRR, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Cardoso CW, Argibay HD, Plante KS, Plante JA, Weaver SC, Kitron UD, Reis MG, Ko AI, Costa F, Ribeiro GS. Dynamics of chikungunya virus transmission in the first year after its introduction in Brazil: A cohort study in an urban community. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011863. [PMID: 38150470 PMCID: PMC10775974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks during the modern scientific era were identified in the Americas in 2013, reaching high attack rates in Caribbean countries. However, few cohort studies have been performed to characterize the initial dynamics of CHIKV transmission in the New World. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To describe the dynamics of CHIKV transmission shortly after its introduction in Brazil, we performed semi-annual serosurveys in a long-term community-based cohort of 652 participants aged ≥5 years in Salvador, Brazil, between Feb-Apr/2014 and Nov/2016-Feb/2017. CHIKV infections were detected using an IgG ELISA. Cumulative seroprevalence and seroincidence were estimated and spatial aggregation of cases was investigated. The first CHIKV infections were identified between Feb-Apr/2015 and Aug-Nov/2015 (incidence: 10.7%) and continued to be detected at low incidence in subsequent surveys (1.7% from Aug-Nov/2015 to Mar-May/2016 and 1.2% from Mar-May/2016 to Nov/206-Feb/2017). The cumulative seroprevalence in the last survey reached 13.3%. It was higher among those aged 30-44 and 45-59 years (16.1% and 15.6%, respectively), compared to younger (12.4% and 11.7% in <15 and 15-29 years, respectively) or older (10.3% in ≥60 years) age groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The cumulative seroprevalence was similar between men (14.7%) and women (12.5%). Yet, among those aged 15-29 years, men were more often infected than women (18.1% vs. 7.4%, respectively, P = 0.01), while for those aged 30-44, a non-significant opposite trend was observed (9.3% vs. 19.0%, respectively, P = 0.12). Three spatial clusters of cases were detected in the study site and an increased likelihood of CHIKV infection was detected among participants who resided with someone with CHIKV IgG antibodies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Unlike observations in other settings, the initial spread of CHIKV in this large urban center was limited and focal in certain areas, leaving a high proportion of the population susceptible to further outbreaks. Additional investigations are needed to elucidate the factors driving CHIKV spread dynamics, including understanding differences with respect to dengue and Zika viruses, in order to guide prevention and control strategies for coping with future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivison R. R. Nery Junior
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hernan D. Argibay
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kenneth S. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Uriel D. Kitron
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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2
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Godoy RSM, Barbosa RC, Huang W, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP, Jacobs-Lorena M, Martins GF. The larval midgut of Anopheles, Aedes, and Toxorhynchites mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae): a comparative approach in morphophysiology and evolution. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03783-5. [PMID: 37272999 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito larval midgut is responsible for acquiring and storing most of the nutrients that will sustain the events of metamorphosis and the insect's adult life. Despite its importance, the basic biology of this larval organ is poorly understood. To help fill this gap, we carried out a comparative morphophysiological investigation of three larval midgut regions (gastric caeca, anterior midgut, and posterior midgut) of phylogenetically distant mosquitoes: Anopheles gambiae (Anopheles albimanus was occasionally used as an alternate), Aedes aegypti, and Toxorhynchites theobaldi. Larvae of Toxorhynchites mosquitoes are predacious, in contrast to the other two species, that are detritivorous. In this work, we show that the larval gut of the three species shares basic histological characteristics, but differ in other aspects. The lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the An. gambiae larval midgut is different compared with that of Ae. aegypti and Tx. theobaldi. The gastric caecum is the most variable region, with differences probably related to the chemical composition of the diet. The peritrophic matrix is morphologically similar in the three species, and processes involved in the post-embryonic development of the organ, such as cell differentiation and proliferation, were also similar. FMRF-positive enteroendocrine cells are grouped in the posterior midgut of Tx. theobaldi, but individualized in An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti. We hypothesize that Tx. theobaldi larval predation is an ancestral condition in mosquito evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soares Maia Godoy
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
- Current affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Renata Cristina Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wei Huang
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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3
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Skinner EB, Glidden CK, MacDonald AJ, Mordecai EA. Human footprint is associated with shifts in the assemblages of major vector-borne diseases. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 6:652-661. [PMID: 37538395 PMCID: PMC10399301 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-023-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Predicting how increasing intensity of human-environment interactions affects pathogen transmission is essential to anticipate changing disease risks and identify appropriate mitigation strategies. Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are highly responsive to environmental changes, but such responses are notoriously difficult to isolate because pathogen transmission depends on a suite of ecological and social responses in vectors and hosts that may differ across species. Here we use the emerging tools of cumulative pressure mapping and machine learning to better understand how the occurrence of six medically important VBDs, differing in ecology from sylvatic to urban, respond to multidimensional effects of human pressure. We find that not only is human footprint-an index of human pressure, incorporating built environments, energy and transportation infrastructure, agricultural lands and human population density-an important predictor of VBD occurrence, but there are clear thresholds governing the occurrence of different VBDs. Across a spectrum of human pressure, diseases associated with lower human pressure, including malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, give way to diseases associated with high human pressure, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. These heterogeneous responses of VBDs to human pressure highlight thresholds of land-use transitions that may lead to abrupt shifts in infectious disease burdens and public health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise B. Skinner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J. MacDonald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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4
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Jia D, Liang Q, Chen H, Liu H, Li G, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wang A, Wei T. Autophagy mediates a direct synergistic interaction during co-transmission of two distinct arboviruses by insect vectors. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2228-y. [PMID: 36917406 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple viral infections in insect vectors with synergistic effects are common in nature, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that rice gall dwarf reovirus (RGDV) facilitates the transmission of rice stripe mosaic rhabdovirus (RSMV) by co-infected leafhopper vectors. RSMV nucleoprotein (N) alone activates complete anti-viral autophagy, while RGDV nonstructural protein Pns11 alone induces pro-viral incomplete autophagy. In co-infected vectors, RSMV exploits Pns11-induced autophagosomes to assemble enveloped virions via N-Pns11-ATG5 interaction. Furthermore, RSMV could effectively propagate in Sf9 cells. Expression of Pns11 in Sf9 cells or leafhopper vectors causes the recruitment of N from the ER to Pns11-induced autophagosomes and inhibits N-induced complete autophagic flux, finally facilitating RSMV propagation. In summary, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of autophagy in the regulation of the direct synergistic interaction during co-transmission of two distinct arboviruses by insect vectors and reveal the functional importance of virus-induced autophagosomes in rhabdovirus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qifu Liang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guangjun Li
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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5
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Granger Neto HP, Rocha CVS, Correia TML, Silva NMPD, Chaves BA, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP, Melo FFD. Natural vertical cotransmission of Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti in Brumado, Bahia, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0427. [PMID: 36000618 PMCID: PMC9413630 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0427-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne viruses have recently emerged and are pathogens of various human diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. METHODS We collectedAedes aegyptilarvae (N = 20) from Brumado, Bahia, Brazil, and treated and individually preserved the specimens. We analyzed the samples for dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses using molecular biology methods. RESULTS We found that 25% (N = 5) and 15% (N = 3) were positive exclusively for dengue and chikungunya viruses, respectively; 15% (N = 3) were coinfected with both. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of dengue and chikungunya virus coinfection in A. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Paul Granger Neto
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - Cínthya Viana Souza Rocha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Bárbara Aparecida Chaves
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
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6
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Lima AR, da Silva CM, Caires CSA, Chaves H, Pancrácio AS, de Arruda EJ, Caires ARL, Oliveira SL. Photoinactivation of Aedes aegypti larvae using riboflavin as photosensitizer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103030. [PMID: 35872352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
More than half of the global population lives in areas where the Aedes aegypti mosquito is present. Efforts have been made to deal with the population of this mosquito in the larval and adult stages to prevent outbreaks of diseases (Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever). In this scenario, photodynamic inactivation may be an effective alternative method to control this vector population. To evaluate the efficacy of the riboflavin - B2 vitamin - as photosensitizer (PS) in the photodynamic inactivation of Ae. aegypti larvae, different concentrations (0; 0.005; 0.010; 0.025; 0.050; 0.075 and 0.100 mg mL-1) were evaluated under white light from RGB LEDs at a light dose of 495.2 J cm-2. The results reveal that riboflavin can be successfully applied as a PS agent to photoinactivate Ae. aegypti larvae, showing its potential to deal with the larvae population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Lima
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - C M da Silva
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - C S A Caires
- Grupo de Espectroscopia e Bioinformática Aplicados a Biodiversidade e a Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - H Chaves
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A S Pancrácio
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - E J de Arruda
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, CP 533, Dourados, MS 79804-970, Brazil
| | - A R L Caires
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - S L Oliveira
- Grupo de Óptica e Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil.
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Marques SDG, Fernandes DA, Teles YCF, Menezes RPB, Maia MS, Scotti MT, Agra MF, Silva TMS, de Souza MDFV. Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell (Malvaceae): A Promising Source of Bioactive Sulfated Flavonoids Against Aedes aegypti L. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:760156. [PMID: 35069194 PMCID: PMC8782119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. is known as the most relevant vector mosquito for viruses such as yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika, especially in places with unplanned urbanization, and erratic water supply. Plants used in folk medicine have become a useful source of active compounds with the potential to control the dissemination of Ae. aegypti. Compounds isolated from Malvaceae sensu lato have been previously reported as larvicides, repellents, and insecticides. Recent studies have demonstrated the anti Ae. aegypti activity of sulfated flavonoids, an uncommon type of flavonoid derivatives. This research reports the phytochemical investigation of Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell, a Malvaceae species with the potential against Ae. aegypti. Chromatographic procedures resulted in the isolation of the compounds: stearic acid (1), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (2), acacetin (3), apigenin (4), tiliroside (5), along with the sulfated flavonoids: wissadulin (6), 7,4'-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulfate flavone (7), yannin (8), beltraonin (9a), 7-O-sulfate isoscutellarein (paniculatumin) (9b), and condadin (10). This is the first report of compound 7-O-sulfate isoscutellarein (9b). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, LC-HRMS and FT-IR). The sulfated flavonoids identified were submitted to a ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening against two targets: 1YIY (from adult Ae. aegypti) and 1PZ4 (from Ae. aegypti larvae). The results indicated that when the O-sulfate group is bearing the position 7, the structures are potentially active in 1PZ4 protein. On the other hand, flavonoids with the O-sulfate group bearing position 8 were showed to be more likely to bind to the 1YIY protein. Our findings indicated that S. paniculatum is a promising source of sulfated flavonoids with potential against Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sany D G Marques
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Diégina A Fernandes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yanna C F Teles
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
| | - Renata P B Menezes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Maia
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Exact and Nature Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria F Agra
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tania M S Silva
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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8
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Dengue Infection Susceptibility of Five Aedes aegypti Populations from Manaus (Brazil) after Challenge with Virus Serotypes 1–4. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010020. [PMID: 35062224 PMCID: PMC8781997 DOI: 10.3390/v14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful spread and maintenance of the dengue virus (DENV) in mosquito vectors depends on their viral infection susceptibility, and parameters related to vector competence are the most valuable for measuring the risk of viral transmission by mosquitoes. These parameters may vary according to the viral serotype in circulation and in accordance with the geographic origin of the mosquito population that is being assessed. In this study, we investigated the effect of DENV serotypes (1–4) with regards to the infection susceptibility of five Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations from Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Mosquitoes were challenged by oral infection with the DENV serotypes and then tested for the presence of the arbovirus using quantitative PCR at 14 days post-infection, which is the time point that corresponds to the extrinsic incubation period of Ae. aegypti when reared at 28 °C. Thus, we were able to determine the infection patterns for DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4 in the mosquito populations. The mosquitoes had both interpopulation and inter-serotype variation in their viral susceptibilities. All DENV serotypes showed a similar tendency to accumulate in the body in a greater amount than in the head/salivary gland (head/SG), which does not occur with other flaviviruses. For DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4, the body viral load varied among populations, but the head/SG viral loads were similar. Differently for DENV-2, both body and head/SG viral loads varied among populations. As the lack of phenotypic homogeneity represents one of the most important reasons for the long-term fight against dengue incidence, we expect that this study will help us to understand the dynamics of the infection patterns that are triggered by the distinct serotypes of DENV in mosquitoes.
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