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Terstappen J, Hak SF, Bhan A, Bogaert D, Bont LJ, Buchholz UJ, Clark AD, Cohen C, Dagan R, Feikin DR, Graham BS, Gupta A, Haldar P, Jalang'o R, Karron RA, Kragten L, Li Y, Löwensteyn YN, Munywoki PK, Njogu R, Osterhaus A, Pollard AJ, Nazario LR, Sande C, Satav AR, Srikantiah P, Stein RT, Thacker N, Thomas R, Bayona MT, Mazur NI. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and monoclonal antibody landscape: the road to global access. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00455-9. [PMID: 39326422 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the second most common pathogen causing infant mortality. Additionally, RSV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults (age ≥60 years) similar to influenza. A protein-based maternal vaccine and monoclonal antibody (mAb) are now market-approved to protect infants, while an mRNA and two protein-based vaccines are approved for older adults. First-year experience protecting infants with nirsevimab in high-income countries shows a major public health benefit. It is expected that the RSV vaccine landscape will continue to develop in the coming years to protect all people globally. The vaccine and mAb landscape remain active with 30 candidates in clinical development using four approaches: protein-based, live-attenuated and chimeric vector, mRNA, and mAbs. Candidates in late-phase trials aim to protect young infants using mAbs, older infants and toddlers with live-attenuated vaccines, and children and adults using protein-based and mRNA vaccines. This Review provides an overview of RSV vaccines highlighting different target populations, antigens, and trial results. As RSV vaccines have not yet reached low-income and middle-income countries, we outline urgent next steps to minimise the vaccine delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Terstappen
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Hak
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anant Bhan
- Yenepoya Medical College & Centre for Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Paediatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; ReSViNET Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Clark
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Center for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, University of the Witwatersrand and National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ron Dagan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Daniel R Feikin
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barney S Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Global Immunization, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pradeep Haldar
- Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Delhi, India
| | - Rose Jalang'o
- National Vaccines and Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Karron
- Boomberg School of Public Health Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - You Li
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yvette N Löwensteyn
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Rosemary Njogu
- Department of International Health, Jhpiego, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ab Osterhaus
- Center of Infection Medicine and Zoonosis Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Charles Sande
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ashish R Satav
- MAHAN Trust Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Melghat, India
| | - Padmini Srikantiah
- Global Health Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renato T Stein
- Pneumologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Naveen Thacker
- International Pediatric Association, Webster Groves, MI, USA; Child Health Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Natalie I Mazur
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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2
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Ji T, Liu Y, Li Y, Li C, Han Y. Viral vector-based therapeutic HPV vaccines. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:199. [PMID: 39196444 PMCID: PMC11358221 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Replication-defective viral vector vaccines have several advantages over conventional subunit vaccines, including potent antibody responses, cellular responses critical for eliminating pathogen-infected cells, and the induction of highly immunogenic and durable immune responses without adjuvants. The Human papillomavirus (HPV), a microorganism with over 200 genotypes, plays a crucial role in inducing human tumors, with the majority of HPV-related malignancies expressing HPV proteins. Tumors associated with HPV infection, most of which result from HPV16 infection, include those affecting the cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, and oropharynx. In recent years, the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines utilizing viral vectors for the treatment of premalignant lesions or tumors caused by HPV infection has experienced rapid growth, with numerous research pipelines currently underway. Simultaneously, screening for optimal antigens requires more basic research and more optimized methods. In terms of preclinical research, we present the various models used to assess vaccine efficacy, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further, we present current research status of therapeutic vaccines using HPV viral vectors, especially the indications, initial efficacy, combination drugs, etc. In general, this paper summarizes current viral vector therapeutic HPV vaccines in terms of HPV infection, antigen selection, vectors, efficacy evaluation, and progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchuan Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutong Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanfen Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Rajanala K, Upadhyay AK. Vaccines for Respiratory Viruses-COVID and Beyond. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:936. [PMID: 39204059 PMCID: PMC11360283 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic had an extensive impact on global morbidity and mortality. Several other common respiratory viruses, such as the influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are endemic or epidemic agents causing acute respiratory infections that are easily transmissible and pose a significant threat to communities due to efficient person-to-person transmission. These viruses can undergo antigenic variation through genetic mutations, resulting in the emergence of novel strains or variants, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of current vaccines, and necessitating ongoing monitoring and adjustment of vaccine antigens. As the virus-specific immunity is maintained only for several weeks or months after the infection, there is an emergent need to develop effective and durable vaccines. Additionally, specific populations, such as elderly or immunocompromised individuals, may exhibit reduced immune responses to respiratory viruses, posing significant challenges to develop vaccines that elicit durable and potent immunity. We present a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and virulence of common respiratory viruses, such as RSV, influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We discuss several vaccine approaches that are under development. A thorough understanding of the current strategies and the challenges encountered during the vaccine development process can lead to the advancement of effective next-generation vaccines.
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Alfano F, Bigoni T, Caggiano FP, Papi A. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: An Update. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:487-505. [PMID: 38713299 PMCID: PMC11193699 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents one of the most common infections during childhood, with significant morbidity and mortality in newborns and in the early years of life. RSV is a common infection throughout all age groups, largely undetected and underestimated in adults, with a disproportionately high impact in older individuals. RSV infection has a wide range of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic conditions to acute pneumonia and severe life-threatening respiratory distress, including exacerbations of underlying chronic conditions. Overall, the incidence of RSV infections requiring medical attention increases with age, and it is highest among persons ≥ 70 years of age. As a consequence of a combination of an aging population, immunosenescence, and the related increased burden of comorbidities, high-income countries are at risk of developing RSV epidemics. The standard of care for RSV-infected patients remains supportive, including fluids, antipyretics, and oxygen support when needed. There is an urgent need for antivirals and preventive strategies in this population, particularly in individuals at higher risk of severe outcomes following RSV infection. In this review, we describe prevention and treatment strategies for RSV illnesses, with a deep focus on the novel data on vaccination that has become available (Arexvy, GSK, and Abrysvo, Pfizer) for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Alfano
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bigoni
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Caggiano
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.
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Riccò M, Cascio A, Corrado S, Bottazzoli M, Marchesi F, Gili R, Giuri PG, Gori D, Manzoni P. Efficacy of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination to Prevent Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:500. [PMID: 38793751 PMCID: PMC11126042 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed in order to ascertain the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination in preventing lower respiratory tract diseases (LRTD) in older adults (age ≥ 60 years). Studies reporting on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and the preprint repository medRxiv until 31 March 2024. A total of nine studies were eventually included, two of which were conference proceedings. Our analysis included five RCTs on five RSV vaccines (RSVpreF, RSVPreF3, Ad26.RSV.preF, MEDI7510, and mRNA-1345). The meta-analysis documented a pooled vaccine efficacy of 81.38% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 70.94 to 88.06) for prevention of LRTD with three or more signs/symptoms during the first RSV season after the delivery of the vaccine. Follow-up data were available for RSVPreF3 (2 RSV seasons), RSVpreF (mid-term estimates of second RSV season), and mRNA-1345 (12 months after the delivery of the primer), with a pooled VE of 61.15% (95% CI 45.29 to 72.40). After the first season, the overall risk for developing RSV-related LRTD was therefore substantially increased (risk ratio (RR) 4.326, 95% CI 2.415; 7.748). However, all estimates were affected by substantial heterogeneity, as suggested by the 95% CI of I2 statistics, which could be explained by inconsistencies in the design of the parent studies, particularly when dealing with case definition. In conclusion, adult RSV vaccination was quite effective in preventing LRTD in older adults, but the overall efficacy rapidly decreased in the second season after the delivery of the vaccine. Because of the heterogenous design of the parent studies, further analyses are required before tailoring specific public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Silvia Corrado
- ASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bottazzoli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, APSS Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Renata Gili
- Department of Prevention, Turin Local Health Authority, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10125 Turin, Italy;
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6
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Beddingfield BJ, Plante KS, Plante JA, Weaver SC, Bose S, Krzykwa C, Chirichella N, Redmann RK, Seiler SZ, Dufour J, Blair RV, Endt K, Volkmann A, Maness NJ, Roy CJ. MVA-based vaccines are protective against lethal eastern equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge in cynomolgus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:47. [PMID: 38413593 PMCID: PMC10899228 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
MVA-based monovalent eastern equine encephalitis virus (MVA-BN-EEEV) and multivalent western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (MVA-BN-WEV) vaccines were evaluated in the cynomolgus macaque aerosol model of EEEV infection. Macaques vaccinated with two doses of 5 × 108 infectious units of the MVA-BN-EEEV or MVA-BN-WEV vaccine by the intramuscular route rapidly developed robust levels of neutralizing antibodies to EEEV that persisted at high levels until challenge at day 84 via small particle aerosol delivery with a target inhaled dose of 107 PFU of EEEV FL93-939. Robust protection was observed, with 7/8 animals receiving MVA-BN-EEEV and 100% (8/8) animals receiving MVA-BN-WEV surviving while only 2/8 mock vaccinated controls survived lethal challenge. Complete protection from viremia was afforded by both vaccines, with near complete protection from vRNA loads in tissues and any pathologic evidence of central nervous system damage. Overall, the results indicate both vaccines are effective in eliciting an immune response that is consistent with protection from aerosolized EEEV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Bose
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Clara Krzykwa
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Chirichella
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Rachel K Redmann
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Stephanie Z Seiler
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jason Dufour
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Kathrin Endt
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhofer Strasse 13, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ariane Volkmann
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhofer Strasse 13, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Mayer L, Weskamm LM, Fathi A, Kono M, Heidepriem J, Krähling V, Mellinghoff SC, Ly ML, Friedrich M, Hardtke S, Borregaard S, Hesterkamp T, Loeffler FF, Volz A, Sutter G, Becker S, Dahlke C, Addo MM. MVA-based vaccine candidates encoding the native or prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal differential immunogenicity in humans. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38278816 PMCID: PMC10817990 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple vaccines were developed using platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA technology. Here, we report humoral and cellular immunogenicity data from human phase 1 clinical trials investigating two recombinant Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine candidates, MVA-SARS-2-S and MVA-SARS-2-ST, encoding the native and the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. MVA-SARS-2-ST was more immunogenic than MVA-SARS-2-S, but both were less immunogenic compared to licensed mRNA- and ChAd-based vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals. In heterologous vaccination, previous MVA-SARS-2-S vaccination enhanced T cell functionality and MVA-SARS-2-ST boosted the frequency of T cells and S1-specific IgG levels when used as a third vaccination. While the vaccine candidate containing the prefusion-stabilized spike elicited predominantly S1-specific responses, immunity to the candidate with the native spike was skewed towards S2-specific responses. These data demonstrate how the spike antigen conformation, using the same viral vector, directly affects vaccine immunogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Mayer
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anahita Fathi
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maya Kono
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Mellinghoff
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), German CLL Group (GCLLSG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - My Linh Ly
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Friedrich
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Hardtke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- German Centre for Infection Research, Translational Project Management Office, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Brunswick, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Montero DA, Vidal RM, Velasco J, Carreño LJ, Torres JP, Benachi O. MA, Tovar-Rosero YY, Oñate AA, O'Ryan M. Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326154. [PMID: 38264254 PMCID: PMC10803505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccination currently prevents approximately 3.5-5 million deaths annually, attributed to diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. Vaccination has been instrumental in eradicating important pathogens, including the smallpox virus and wild poliovirus types 2 and 3. This narrative review offers a detailed journey through the history and advancements in vaccinology, tailored for healthcare workers. It traces pivotal milestones, beginning with the variolation practices in the early 17th century, the development of the first smallpox vaccine, and the continuous evolution and innovation in vaccine development up to the present day. We also briefly review immunological principles underlying vaccination, as well as the main vaccine types, with a special mention of the recently introduced mRNA vaccine technology. Additionally, we discuss the broad benefits of vaccines, including their role in reducing morbidity and mortality, and in fostering socioeconomic development in communities. Finally, we address the issue of vaccine hesitancy and discuss effective strategies to promote vaccine acceptance. Research, collaboration, and the widespread acceptance and use of vaccines are imperative for the continued success of vaccination programs in controlling and ultimately eradicating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Torres
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel A. Benachi O.
- Área de Biotecnología, Tecnoacademia Neiva, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, Regional Huila, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Yenifer-Yadira Tovar-Rosero
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Angel A. Oñate
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Bouzid D, Visseaux B, Ferré VM, Peiffer-Smadja N, Le Hingrat Q, Loubet P. Respiratory syncytial virus in adults with comorbidities: an update on epidemiology, vaccines, and treatments. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1538-1550. [PMID: 37666450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is widely known as a frequent cause of respiratory distress among adults, particularly in older people. Recent years have witnessed several improvements in respiratory virus detection, leading to more questions about therapeutic management strategies. OBJECTIVES This narrative review focuses on the RSV burden in older people and adults with risk factors and provides an update on the main recent developments regarding managing this infection. SOURCES A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted till August 2023 to identify studies on RSV among the adult population. We included observational studies, RCTs on vaccines, and different therapies. CONTENT This review should give clinicians an overview of RSV epidemiology and burden among older people and adults with pre-existing risk factors, the most recent randomized clinical trials on RSV vaccines, and the existing data on the different therapeutics existing and under development. IMPLICATIONS There is a growing body of evidence on RSV burden in adults. The landscape of preventive and curative treatments is quickly evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bouzid
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Emergency Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Visseaux
- Laboratoire Cerba, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint Ouen l'Aumône, France
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Virology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- Université de Montpellier, VBMI, Inserm U1047, Nîmes, France; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
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10
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Simon S, Joean O, Welte T, Rademacher J. The role of vaccination in COPD: influenza, SARS-CoV-2, pneumococcus, pertussis, RSV and varicella zoster virus. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230034. [PMID: 37673427 PMCID: PMC10481333 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0034-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations of COPD are associated with worsening of the airflow obstruction, hospitalisation, reduced quality of life, disease progression and death. At least 70% of COPD exacerbations are infectious in origin, with respiratory viruses identified in approximately 30% of cases. Despite long-standing recommendations to vaccinate patients with COPD, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in this population.Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading morbidity and mortality causes of lower respiratory tract infections. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that showed strong immunogenicity against all 20 included serotypes. Influenza is the second most common virus linked to severe acute exacerbations of COPD. The variable vaccine efficacy across virus subtypes and the impaired immune response are significant drawbacks in the influenza vaccination strategy. High-dose and adjuvant vaccines are new approaches to tackle these problems. Respiratory syncytial virus is another virus known to cause acute exacerbations of COPD. The vaccine candidate RSVPreF3 is the first authorised for the prevention of RSV in adults ≥60 years and might help to reduce acute exacerbations of COPD. The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease report recommends zoster vaccination to protect against shingles for people with COPD over 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Simon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oana Joean
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rademacher
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Ruckwardt TJ. The road to approved vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 37749081 PMCID: PMC10519952 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of work, several interventions to prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infant and older adult populations have finally been approved. There were many setbacks along the road to victory. In this review, I will discuss the impact of RSV on human health and how structure-based vaccine design set the stage for numerous RSV countermeasures to advance through late phase clinical evaluation. While there are still many RSV countermeasures in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, this review will focus on products yielding long-awaited efficacy results. Finally, I will discuss some challenges and next steps needed to declare a global victory against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Wang Y. Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances. Viruses 2023; 15:1742. [PMID: 37632084 PMCID: PMC10457812 DOI: 10.3390/v15081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallpox was eradicated in less than 200 years after Edward Jenner's practice of cowpox variolation in 1796. The forty-three years of us living free of smallpox, beginning in 1979, never truly separated us from poxviruses. The recent outbreak of monkeypox in May 2022 might well warn us of the necessity of keeping up both the scientific research and public awareness of poxviruses. One of them in particular, the vaccinia virus (VACV), has been extensively studied as a vector given its broad host range, extraordinary thermal stability, and exceptional immunogenicity. Unceasing fundamental biological research on VACV provides us with a better understanding of its genetic elements, involvement in cellular signaling pathways, and modulation of host immune responses. This enables the rational design of safer and more efficacious next-generation vectors. To address the new technological advancement within the past decade in VACV research, this review covers the studies of viral immunomodulatory genes, modifications in commonly used vectors, novel mechanisms for rapid generation and purification of recombinant virus, and several other innovative approaches to studying its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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