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Chen Y, Zhu L, Huang W, Tong X, Wu H, Tao Y, Tong B, Huang H, Chen J, Zhao X, Lou Y, Wu C. Potent RBD-specific neutralizing rabbit monoclonal antibodies recognize emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by DNA prime-protein boost vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1390-1403. [PMID: 34120577 PMCID: PMC8274519 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1942227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns arose as the emerged and rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants might escape host immunity induced by vaccination. In this study, a heterologous prime-boost immunization strategy for COVID-19 was designed to prime with a DNA vaccine encoding wild type (WT) spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) followed by S1 protein-based vaccine in rabbits. Four vaccine-elicited rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RmAbs), including 1H1, 9H1, 7G5, and 5E1, were isolated for biophysical property, neutralization potency and sequence analysis. All RmAbs recognized RBD or S1 protein with KD in the low nM or sub nM range. 1H1 and 9H1, but neither 7G5 nor 5E1, can bind to all RBD protein variants derived from B.1.351. All four RmAbs were able to neutralize wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 strain in pseudovirus assay, and 1H1 and 9H1 could neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 WT authentic virus with IC50 values of 0.136 and 0.026 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, 1H1 was able to neutralize all 6 emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants tested including D614G, B.1.1.7, B.1.429, P.1, B.1.526, and B.1.351 variants, and 5E1 could neutralize against the above 5 variants except P.1. Epitope binning analysis revealed that 9H1, 5E1 and 1H1 recognized distinct epitopes, while 9H1 and 7G5 may have overlapping but not identical epitope. In conclusion, DNA priming protein boost vaccination was an effective strategy to induce RmAbs with potent neutralization capability against not only SARS-CoV-2 WT strain but also emergent variants, which may provide a new avenue for effective therapeutics and point-of-care diagnostic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Wu
- Yurogen Biosystem LLC, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiangan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lou
- Yurogen Biosystem LLC, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Wang G, Yin R, Zhou P, Ding Z. Combination of the immunization with the sequence close to the consensus sequence and two DNA prime plus one VLP boost generate H5 hemagglutinin specific broad neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176854. [PMID: 28542275 PMCID: PMC5443486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) head has long been considered to be able to elicit only a narrow, strain-specific antibody response as it undergoes rapid antigenic drift. However, we previously showed that a heterologous prime-boost strategy, in which mice were primed twice with DNA encoding HA and boosted once with virus-like particles (VLP) from an H5N1 strain A/Thailand/1(KAN)-1/2004 (noted as TH DDV), induced anti-head broad cross-H5 neutralizing antibody response. To explain why TH DDV immunization could generate such breadth, we systemically compared the neutralization breadth and potency between TH DDV sera and immune sera elicited by TH DDD (three times of DNA immunizations), TH VVV (three times of VLP immunizations), TH DV (one DNA prime plus one VLP boost) and TK DDV (plasmid DNA and VLP derived from another H5N1 strain, A/Turkey/65596/2006). Then we determined the antigenic sites (AS) on TH HA head and the key residues of the main antigenic site. Through the comparison of different regiments, we found that the combination of the immunization with the sequence close to the consensus sequence and two DNA prime plus one VLP boost caused that TH DDV immunization generate broad neutralizing antibodies. Antigenic analysis showed that TH DDV, TH DV, TH DDD and TH VVV sera recognize the common antigenic site AS1. Antibodies directed to AS1 contribute to the largest proportion of the neutralizing activity of these immune sera. Residues 188 and 193 in AS1 are the key residues which are responsible for neutralization breadth of the immune sera. Interestingly, residues 188 and 193 locate in classical antigen sites but are relatively conserved among the 16 tested strains and 1,663 HA sequences from NCBI database. Thus, our results strongly indicate that it is feasible to develop broad cross-H5 influenza vaccines against HA head.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Consensus Sequence
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Random Allocation
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Unit of Anti-viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Paul Zhou
- The Unit of Anti-viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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3
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A Bivalent Heterologous DNA Virus-Like-Particle Prime-Boost Vaccine Elicits Broad Protection against both Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02052-16. [PMID: 28179535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02052-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, they do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Thus, there is a critical need for developing so-called "universal" vaccines that protect against all influenza viruses. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous DNA virus-like particle prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that mice immunized with this vaccine were broadly protected against lethal challenge from group 1 (H1, H5, and H9) and group 2 (H3 and H7) viruses, with 94% aggregate survival. To determine the immune correlates of protection, we performed passive immunizations and in vitro assays. We show that this vaccine elicited antibody responses that bound HA from group 1 (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, and H12) and group 2 (H3, H4, H7, H10, H14, and H15) and neutralized homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and heterosubtypic H1 viruses and hemagglutinin-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. As a result, passive immunization with immune sera fully protected mice against H5, H7, and H1 challenge, whereas with both immune sera and T cells the mice survived heterosubtypic H3 and H9 challenge. Thus, it appears that (i) neutralizing antibodies alone fully protect against homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and (ii) neutralizing and binding antibodies are sufficient to protect against heterosubtypic H1, (iii) but against heterosubtypic H3 and H9, binding antibodies and T cells are required for complete survival. We believe that this vaccine regimen could potentially be a candidate for a "universal" influenza vaccine.IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infection is global health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious only when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, these vaccines do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Because of this, there is an urgent need to develop so-called "universal" influenza vaccines that can protect against both current and future influenza strains. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that a bivalent vaccine regimen elicited broad binding and neutralizing antibody and T cell responses that conferred broad protection against diverse challenge viruses in mice, suggesting that this bivalent prime-boost strategy could practically be a candidate for a "universal" influenza vaccine.
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4
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Ren H, Zhou P. Epitope-focused vaccine design against influenza A and B viruses. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 42:83-90. [PMID: 27343703 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research efforts to improve upon current seasonal influenza vaccines. In recent years, a wave of novel technological breakthroughs has lead to the identification of many broadly anti-influenza hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the elucidation of the conserved epitopes recognized by these mAbs in both the head and the stem of HA as well as the mechanisms of inhibition. These discoveries along with an improved understanding of how the immune system responds to influenza infection and vaccination has spurred great efforts on stem-based cross-subtype ('universal') vaccine design as well as RBS-based HA subtype-specific vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ren
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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5
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Ren H, Wang G, Wang S, Chen H, Chen Z, Hu H, Cheng G, Zhou P. Cross-protection of newly emerging HPAI H5 viruses by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies: A viable alternative to oseltamivir. MAbs 2016; 8:1156-66. [PMID: 27167234 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8 and H5N9 viruses have been spreading in poultry and wild birds. The H5N6 viruses have also caused 10 human infections with 4 fatal cases in China. Here, we assessed the cross-neutralization and cross-protection of human and mouse monoclonal antibodies against 2 viruses: a HPAI H5N8 virus, A/chicken/Netherlands/14015526/2014 (NE14) and a HPAI H5N6 virus, A/Sichuan/26221/2014 (SC14). The former was isolated from an infected chicken in Netherlands in 2014 and the latter was isolated from an infected human patient in Sichuan, China. We show that antibodies FLA5.10, FLD21.140, 100F4 and 65C6, but not AVFluIgG01, AVFluIgG03, S139/1 and the VRC01 control, potently cross-neutralize the H5N8 NE14 and H5N6 SC14 viruses. Furthermore, we show that a single injection of >1 mg/kg of antibody 100F4 at 4 hours before, or 20 mg/kg antibody 100F4 at 72 hours after, a lethal dose of H5N8 NE14 enables mice to withstand the infection. Finally, we show that a single injection of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg antibody 100F4 prophylactically or 10 mg/kg 100F4 therapeutically outperforms a 5-day course of 10 mg/kg/day oseltamivir treatment against lethal H5N8 NE14 or H5N6 SC14 infection in mice. Our results suggest that further preclinical evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies against newly emerging H5 viruses is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ren
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Honglin Chen
- b The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- b The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Hongxing Hu
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | | | - Paul Zhou
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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6
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Yu M, Qiu Y, Chen J, Jiang W. Enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses to PRRS virus GP5 glycoprotein by DNA prime-adenovirus boost vaccination in mice. Virus Genes 2016; 52:228-34. [PMID: 26837895 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), BALB/c mice were immunized in a pcDNA3-GP5 prime-rAd-GP5 boost regimen. After humoral and cellular immune response detection, levels of PRRSV-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation response, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response were significantly increased as compared to controls. The humoral immune response was induced more effectively by the DNA priming and recombinant adenovirus boosting regimen. Significant difference was observed between heterogeneous and homologous vaccination. Induction of anti-GP5 antibody response was higher in all heterogeneous combinations than those of the homologous combinations. In the induction of lymphocyte proliferation response and CTL response, the homologous combination of pcDNA3-GP5/pcDNA3-GP5/pcDNA3-GP5was significantly stronger than that of rAd-GP5/rAd-GP5/rAd-GP5, but was relatively weaker than the heterogeneous combination of pcDNA3-GP5/pcDNA3-GP5/rAd-GP5 and pcDNA3-GP5/rAd-GP5/rAd-GP5. This heterogeneous combination was a most efficient immunization regimen in induction of PRRSV-specific cellular immune response just as the antibody response. These results suggested that DNA immunization followed by recombinant adenovirus boosting could be used as a potential PRRSV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Crevar CJ, Carter DM, Lee KYJ, Ross TM. Cocktail of H5N1 COBRA HA vaccines elicit protective antibodies against H5N1 viruses from multiple clades. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:572-83. [PMID: 25671661 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype are of particular concern because of the high mortality rate (60% case fatality rate) and novel subtype. In this study, we have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) that contains a synthetic, consensus-based HA molecule using a new methodology, computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA). Three COBRA H5N1 HA proteins have been engineered based upon (1) human clade 2 H5N1 sequences, (2) human and avian clade 2 sequences, and (3) all H5N1 influenza sequences recorded between 2005-2008. Each hemagglutinin protein retained the ability to bind the appropriate receptors, as well as the ability to mediate particle fusion, following purification from a mammalian expression system. COBRA VLP vaccines were administered to mice and the humoral immune responses were compared to those induced by VLPs containing an HA derived from a primary viral isolate. Using a single vaccination (0.6 ug HA dose with an adjuvant) all animals vaccinated with COBRA clade 2 HA H5N1 VLPs had protective levels of HAI antibodies to a representative isolate from each subclade of clade 2, but lower titers against other clades. The addition of avian sequences from other clades expanded breadth of HAI antibodies to the divergent clades, but still not all of the 25 H5N1 viruses in the panel were recognized by antibodies elicited any one H5N1 COBRA VLP vaccine. Vaccination of mice with a cocktail of all 3 COBRA HA VLP vaccines, in a prime-boost regimen, elicited an average HAI titer greater than 1:40 against all 25 viruses. Collectively, our findings indicate that the elicited antibody response following VLP vaccination with all 3 COBRA HA vaccine simultaneously elicited a broadly-reactive set of antibodies that recognized H5N1 viruses from 11 H5N1 clades/subclades isolated over a 12-year span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Crevar
- a Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida ; Port St. Lucie , FL USA
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8
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Zuo T, Sun J, Wang G, Jiang L, Zuo Y, Li D, Shi X, Liu X, Fan S, Ren H, Hu H, Sun L, Zhou B, Liang M, Zhou P, Wang X, Zhang L. Comprehensive analysis of antibody recognition in convalescent humans from highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8855. [PMID: 26635249 PMCID: PMC4686829 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of protective antibody recognition against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 in humans is critical for the development of effective therapies and vaccines. Here we report the crystal structure of three H5-specific human monoclonal antibodies bound to the globular head of hemagglutinin (HA) with distinct epitope specificities, neutralization potencies and breadth. A structural and functional analysis of these epitopes combined with those reported elsewhere identifies four major vulnerable sites on the globular head of H5N1 HA. Chimeric and vulnerable site-specific mutant pseudoviruses are generated to delineate broad neutralization specificities of convalescent sera from two individuals who recovered from the infection with H5N1 virus. Our results show that the four vulnerable sites on the globular head rather than the stem region are the major neutralizing targets, suggesting that during natural H5N1 infection neutralizing antibodies against the globular head work in concert to provide protective antibody-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zuo
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanan Zuo
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shilong Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huanhuan Ren
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongxing Hu
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Mifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Repeated Low-Dose Influenza Virus Infection Causes Severe Disease in Mice: a Model for Vaccine Evaluation. J Virol 2015; 89:7841-51. [PMID: 25995265 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00976-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza infection causes severe disease and death in humans. In traditional vaccine research and development, a single high-dose virus challenge of animals is used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. This type of challenge model may have limitations. In the present study, we developed a novel challenge model by infecting mice repeatedly in short intervals with low doses of influenza A virus. Our results show that compared to a single high-dose infection, mice that received repeated low-dose challenges showed earlier morbidity and mortality and more severe disease. They developed higher vial loads, more severe lung pathology, and greater inflammatory responses and generated only limited influenza A virus-specific B and T cell responses. A commercial trivalent influenza vaccine protected mice against a single high and lethal dose of influenza A virus but was ineffective against repeated low-dose virus challenges. Overall, our data show that the repeated low-dose influenza A virus infection mouse model is more stringent and may thus be more suitable to select for highly efficacious influenza vaccines. IMPORTANCE Influenza epidemics and pandemics pose serious threats to public health. Animal models are crucial for evaluating the efficacy of influenza vaccines. Traditional models based on a single high-dose virus challenge may have limitations. Here, we describe a new mouse model based on repeated low-dose influenza A virus challenges given within a short period. Repeated low-dose challenges caused more severe disease in mice, associated with higher viral loads and increased lung inflammation and reduced influenza A virus-specific B and T cell responses. A commercial influenza vaccine that was shown to protect mice from high-dose challenge was ineffective against repeated low-dose challenges. Overall, our results show that the low-dose repeated-challenge model is more stringent and may therefore be better suited for preclinical vaccine efficacy studies.
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10
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Protective Efficacy of the Conserved NP, PB1, and M1 Proteins as Immunogens in DNA- and Vaccinia Virus-Based Universal Influenza A Virus Vaccines in Mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:618-30. [PMID: 25834017 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00091-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conventional hemagglutinin (HA)- and neuraminidase (NA)-based influenza vaccines need to be updated most years and are ineffective if the glycoprotein HA of the vaccine strains is a mismatch with that of the epidemic strain. Universal vaccines targeting conserved viral components might provide cross-protection and thus complement and improve conventional vaccines. In this study, we generated DNA plasmids and recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the conserved proteins nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), and matrix 1 (M1) from influenza virus strain A/Beijing/30/95 (H3N2). BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with a single vaccine based on NP, PB1, or M1 alone or a combination vaccine based on all three antigens and were then challenged with lethal doses of the heterologous influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Vaccines based on NP, PB1, and M1 provided complete or partial protection against challenge with 1.7 50% lethal dose (LD50) of PR8 in mice. Of the three antigens, NP-based vaccines induced protection against 5 LD50 and 10 LD50 and thus exhibited the greatest protective effect. Universal influenza vaccines based on the combination of NP, PB1, and M1 induced a strong immune response and thus might be an alternative approach to addressing future influenza virus pandemics.
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11
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Progress toward a universal H5N1 vaccine: a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-expressing trivalent hemagglutinin vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107316. [PMID: 25229722 PMCID: PMC4167863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid evolution of new sublineages of H5N1 influenza poses the greatest challenge in control of H5N1 infection by currently existing vaccines. To overcome this, an MVAtor vector expressing three H5HA antigens A/Vietnam/1203/04, A/Indonesia/669/06 and A/Anhui/01/05 (MVAtor-tri-HA vector) was developed to elicit broad cross-protection against diverse clades by covering amino acid variations in the major neutralizing epitopes of HA among H5N1 subtypes. Methods BALB/c mice and guinea pigs were immunized i.m. with 8×107 TCID50/animal of MVAtor-tri-HA vector. The immunogenicity and cross-protective immunity of the MVAtor-tri-HA vector was evaluated against diverse clades of H5N1 strains. Results The results showed that mice immunized with MVAtor-tri-HA vector induced robust cross-neutralizing immunity to diverse H5N1 clades. In addition, the MVAtor-tri-HA vector completely protected against 10 MLD50 of a divergent clade of H5N1 infection (clade 7). Importantly, the serological surveillance of post-vaccinated guinea pig sera demonstrated that MVAtor-tri-HA vector was able to elicit strong cross-clade neutralizing immunity against twenty different H5N1 strains from six clades that emerged between 1997 and 2012. Conclusions The present findings revealed that incorporation of carefully selected HA genes from divergent H5N1 strains within a single vector could be an effective approach in developing a vaccine with broad coverage to prevent infection during a pandemic situation.
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Wang W, Huang B, Jiang T, Wang X, Qi X, Tan W, Ruan L. Maximal immune response and cross protection by influenza virus nucleoprotein derived from E. coli using an optimized formulation. Virology 2014; 468-470:265-273. [PMID: 25213406 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) is a promising antigen to develop a universal influenza A virus vaccine. In this study, mice were injected intramuscularly with Escherichia coli-derived NP protein alone or in combination with adjuvant alum (Al(OH)3), CpG or both. The results showed that the NP protein formulated with adjuvant was effective in inducing a protective immune response. Additionally, the adjuvant efficacy of Al(OH)3 was stronger than that of CpG. Optimal immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice immunized with a combination of NP protein plus Al(OH)3 and CpG. These mice also showed maximal resistance following challenge with influenza A virus PR8 strain. Most importantly, 10 µg NP formulated with Al(OH)3 and CpG induced higher protection than did 90 µg NP. These findings indicated that a combination of Al(OH)3 and CpG may be an efficient adjuvant in the NP formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangrong Qi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ruan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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