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Rakhalaru P, Munzhedzi L, Abia ALK, Kabue JP, Potgieter N, Traore AN. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Fomites in Rural Households in South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1345. [PMID: 37627765 PMCID: PMC10451885 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Daily interaction between people contributes to the spreading of Escherichia coli (E. coli), and fomites are a common source of community-acquired bacterial infections. The spread of bacterial infectious diseases from inanimate objects to the surrounding environment and humans is a serious problem for public health, safety, and development. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli found in toilets and kitchen cloths in the Vhembe district, South Africa. One hundred and five samples were cultured to isolate E. coli: thirty-five samples were kitchen cloths and seventy-five samples were toilet swabs. Biochemical tests, API20E, and the VITEK®-2 automated system were used to identify E. coli. Pathotypes of E. coli were characterised using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR). Nine amplified gene fragments were sequenced using partial sequencing. A total of eight antibiotics were used for the antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Among the collected samples, 47% were positive for E. coli. DEC prevalence was high (81%), with ETEC (51%) harboring lt and st genes being the most dominant pathotype found on both kitchen cloths and toilet surfaces. Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes were more prevalent in the kitchen cloths (79.6%) compared with the toilet surfaces. Notably, hybrid pathotypes were detected in 44.2% of the isolates, showcasing the co-existence of multiple pathotypes within a single E. coli strain. The antibiotic resistance testing of E. coli isolates from kitchen cloths and toilets showed high resistance to ampicillin (100%) and amoxicillin (100%). Only E. coli isolates with hybrid pathotypes were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotics. This study emphasizes the significance of fomites as potential sources of bacterial contamination in rural settings. The results highlight the importance of implementing proactive measures to improve hygiene practices and antibiotic stewardship in these communities. These measures are essential for reducing the impact of DEC infections and antibiotic resistance, ultimately safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Afsatou Ndama Traore
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (P.R.); (L.M.); (A.L.K.A.); (J.P.K.); (N.P.)
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Dwiyanto J, Huët MAL, Hussain MH, Su TT, Tan JBL, Toh KY, Lee JWJ, Rahman S, Chong CW. Social demographics determinants for resistome and microbiome variation of a multiethnic community in Southern Malaysia. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:55. [PMID: 37573460 PMCID: PMC10423249 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Southeast Asia is a significant concern, yet there is limited research on the gut resistome and its correlation with lifestyle and environmental factors in the region. This study aimed to profile the gut resistome of 200 individuals in Malaysia using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and investigate its association with questionnaire data comprising demographic and lifestyle variables. A total of 1038 antibiotic resistance genes from 26 classes were detected with a mean carriage rate of 1.74 ± 1.18 gene copies per cell per person. Correlation analysis identified 14 environmental factors, including hygiene habits, health parameters, and intestinal colonization, that were significantly associated with the resistome (adjusted multivariate PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Notably, individuals with positive yeast cultures exhibited a reduced copy number of 15 antibiotic resistance genes. Network analysis highlighted Escherichia coli as a major resistome network hub, with a positive correlation to 36 antibiotic-resistance genes. Our findings suggest that E. coli may play a pivotal role in shaping the resistome dynamics in Segamat, Malaysia, and its abundance is strongly associated with the community's health and lifestyle habits. Furthermore, the presence of yeast appears to be associated with the suppression of antibiotic-resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dwiyanto
- AMILI, Singapore, 118261, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - M A L Huët
- Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, 80837, Mauritius
| | - M H Hussain
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - T T Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, 85000, Malaysia
| | - J B L Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - K Y Toh
- AMILI, Singapore, 118261, Singapore
| | - J W J Lee
- AMILI, Singapore, 118261, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - S Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - C W Chong
- AMILI, Singapore, 118261, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia.
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Gholipour S, Shamsizadeh Z, Gwenzi W, Nikaeen M. The bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution systems: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138642. [PMID: 37059195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems poses human health risks. Earlier studies, including reviews on antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems are limited to the occurrence, behaviour and fate in bulk raw water and drinking water treatment systems. By comparison, reviews on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution systems are still limited. Therefore, the present systematic review investigates the occurrence, behaviour and fate and, detection methods of bacterial biofilm resistome in the drinking water distribution systems. A total of 12 original articles drawn from 10 countries were retrieved and analyzed. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes detected in biofilms include those for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and beta-lactamase. The genera detected in biofilms include Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Mycobacteria, as well as Enterobacteriaceae family and other gram-negative bacteria. The presence of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE bacteria) among the detected bacteria points to potential human exposure and health risks especially for susceptible individuals via the consumption of drinking water. Besides, the effects of water quality parameter and residual chlorine, the physico-chemical factors controlling the emergence, persistence and fate of the biofilm resistome are still poorly understood. Culture-based methods, and molecular methods, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The limited data on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution system points to the need for further research. To this end, future research directions are discussed including understanding the formation, behaviour, and fate of the resistome and the controlling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gholipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shamsizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lim ES, Nam SJ, Koo OK, Kim JS. Protective role of Acinetobacter and Bacillus for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilms against sodium hypochlorite and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deswal G, Selwal MK, Nirvan H, Selwal KK. Priestia flexa KS1: A new bacterial strain isolated from human faeces implicated in mucin degradation. Int Microbiol 2022:10.1007/s10123-022-00312-2. [PMID: 36502447 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human gut acts as a habitat for diverse microbial communities, including mucin utilizers that play a significant role in host health and diseases. In this study, a gram-positive, rod-shaped mucin degrading bacterium was isolated from human faeces that belonged to the Priestia flexa species. Priestia isolate was analyzed for mucin-degrading ability and found that the KS1 strain could grow on mucin as the sole carbon source. The experimental results of the mucolytic zone around the colony and a 58% decrease in carbohydrate concentration confirmed the ability of Priestia to degrade mucin. The intracellular and extracellular glycosidase assay data supported the above results suggesting the ability of P. flexa to produce glycan hydrolysis enzymes that convert complex mucin oligosaccharide chains into simple glycans. The survival ability of the KS1 strain in simulated gastrointestinal conditions revealed that it could tolerate low pH (≥ 50% cell viability at pH 1.0) and 0.5% bile salt concentration (≥ 85% cell viability). The strain showed low hydrophobicity towards n-hexadecane (26.51 ± 0.92%) and xylene (21.71 ± 0.54%). Moreover, the KS1 culture was resistant to cefixime, clavulanic acid/ceftazidime, nafallin, methicillin, trimethoprim, kanamycin, and nalidixic antibiotic. Our results highlight the isolation of P. flexa KS1 strain that degrade mucin under in vitro conditions and show its better acclimatization within the GI environment. Further studies are required to unearth the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of mucin oligosaccharides in the human gut, advancing our understanding of health and disease.
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Epididymo-Orchitis Caused by POM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas otitidis in an Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report and Molecular Characterization. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121475. [PMID: 36558809 PMCID: PMC9783037 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas otitidis is a rare and unique species among the Pseudomonas genus that has not been previously reported as a cause of male genitourinary tract infection. In this report, we describe a case of a 20-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with recurrent epididymo-orchitis, which was initially misidentified as Vibrio vulnificus and treated successfully. The causative agent could not be identified appropriately using the available routine methods, but a final identification was established using 16S rRNA targeted sequencing followed by whole-genome sequencing.
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Wang H, Liu C, Teng X, Liang Z, Zhu L, Xu G, Chen C, Ma K, Liu R, Zhou L, Yan B. A TbPO 4-based capturer for environmental extracellular antibiotic genes by interrogating lanthanide phosphates nanoneedles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127139. [PMID: 34537653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental DNA molecules (eDNA) is challenging owing to its low abundance in the aquatic environment. Here we report a facile and cost-efficient approach to extract trace amount of eDNAs in the aquatic environment using LnPO4 nanomaterials. Among the nanomaterials, less crystalline TbPO4 nanoneedles was identified as the most prominent candidate for long stranded DNA and short stranded DNA with adsorption efficiency above 97%. The adsorbed DNA was washed off from TbPO4 nanoneedles by optimized eluant (85% PBS, 15% EtOH, 4 g/L glycine, pH 10.0) with an optimal DNA recovery of 78.83%. Our approach showed a comparable or better eDNA extraction efficiency than a commercial extraction method for different environmental samples, but 89% less cost. The high purity of the extracted eDNA was demonstrated by a high A260/280 ratio. Using qPCR experiment, the occurrence of six common ARGs in the eDNA were detected with abundance ranging from 4.06 × 103 to 3.51 × 109 copies/L in river samples. This specific DNA capturer is valuable for the evaluation of spatial and temporal dynamic of ARGs pollution to provide insight into the potential risk with regard to the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuepeng Teng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Zhenda Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lishan Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Kunyu Ma
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kaur R, Kumari A, Sharma G, Singh D, Kaur R. Biodegradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals benzyl butyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate by Bacillus marisflavi RR014. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1274-1288. [PMID: 33599367 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objectives of the present study were to explore the benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) degradation potential of Bacillus marisflavi RR014 isolated from the tap water of public toilet and also to optimize the phthalates degradation process using response surface methodology. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimal salt medium was used for the biodegradation analysis of phthalates. The quantification of phthalates and their intermediate metabolites identification were done by using UHPLC and LC-MS/MS respectively. The results revealed that B. marisflavi RR014 is capable of degrading both the phthalates under varying pH, temperature and salinity conditions. The formation of phthalic acid from the breakdown of BBP and DMP (500 mg l-1 ) in the medium was observed after 24 h. After 72 h, 61% of BBP and 98·9% of DMP in the medium was degraded as monitored by UHPLC. The identification of intermediate metabolites by LC-MS/MS revealed that hydrolysis of BBP and DMP produces phthalic acid. CONCLUSIONS The degradation rate of both the phthalates was increased as the parameters increased up to an optimum level. The three environmental factors (pH, temperature and salt concentration) strongly affect the rate of degradation of both the phthalates. The maximum degradation rate for both the phthalates was achieved at pH 7, temperature 35°C and salt concentration of 1% as observed from the central composite experimental design. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is the first report on the phthalates biodegradation potential of B. marisflavi RR014 isolated from the tap water of public toilet. The bacterium is capable of degrading BBP and DMP under varying pH, temperature and salinity, therefore, ideal to treat the phthalate contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - A Kumari
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - G Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - D Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - R Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Hetta HF, Kh Meshaal A, Algammal AM, Yahia R, Makharita RR, Marraiki N, Shah MA, Hassan HAM, Batiha GES. In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Spices Powder of some Medicinal Plants Against Bacillus Species Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4367-4378. [PMID: 33304102 PMCID: PMC7723237 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s277295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bacillus species are widely distributed microorganisms in nature that are responsible for outbreaks of food poisoning and a common cause of food spoilage. This study aimed to isolate and identify foodborne Bacillus species from meat and to determine the antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils and spices powder extracted from certain medicinal plants. Methods Sixty meat samples were collected in Assiut city and subdivided into raw meat and processed meat. Bacillus spp were isolated and identified according to their cultural characters, biochemical reactions, serological typing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and spices powder was measured by using well-diffusion and microbial count techniques. Results The prevalence of Bacillus spp. in the examined raw meat samples and processed meat samples was 13.34%, and 26.67%, respectively. There was a marked decrease in the total Bacillus species count after treatment of minced beef with essential oils and spices powder compared to the untreated one. Black seed oil was the most potent antibacterial essential oil among the tested oils present in this study. Conclusion Essential oils and spices powder of certain medicinal plants (cumin: Cuminum cyminum, black seeds: Nigella sativa, cloves: Syzygium aromaicum, cinnamon: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Marjoram: Origanum majorana) have a potential in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus spp. Furthermore, Nigella sativa oil exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kh Meshaal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Yahia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rabab R Makharita
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hebat-Allah M Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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