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Activation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes; their morphology, marker expression and ultimate fate. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:217-30. [PMID: 24493637 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) have been considered to play a key role in the defense system of the small intestine. Its mechanism has not been made sufficiently clear. Studies on IELs have been extremely limited to functions of αβ T-cell receptor (αβTCR) IELs (αβ-IELs). Since, in the mouse duodenum and jejunum, γδ-IELs consist 75 % of IELs, it thus would be inappropriate to argue the mechanism without extensive discussions over the functions of γδ-IELs. In previous studies, we found that the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) injection induced DNA fragmentation in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and DNA repair immediately after, that these responses were reproduced by anti-γδTCR mAb not by anti-αβTCR mAb and that the DNA fragmentation was induced by Granzyme B secreted by IELs, totally independent of Perforin. To further explore the functions of IELs in situ, we undertook experiments exclusively focused on IELs, on their changes and ultimate fate after the stimulation in mouse in vivo system. The current study demonstrated that the injected anti-CD3 mAb bound to CD3 on IELs, that the mAb activated γδ-IELs, leading to their degranulation, that changes occurred irreversibly in IELs and finally that activated IELs died in situ. γδ-IELs could be considered to respond to various stimulations most likely without the need of accessory cells ("always ready for rapid response"), to die in situ ("disposable") and thus to respond to the stimulation only once ("a one-shot responder"). These characteristics of γδ-IELs are important to further elucidate the functions of γδ-IELs in the intestinal defense system.
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2
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Scifo C, Mekaelian L, Munyazesa E, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Guimezanes A. Selection of T-cell receptors with a recurrent CDR3β peptide-contact motif within the repertoire of alloreactive CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2414-23. [PMID: 21590766 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptide/MHC complexes recognized by alloreactive T lymphocytes (TLs) have been identified, but their contribution to in vivo allo-rejection is not known. We previously characterized the peptide pBM1, highly represented among endogenous H-2K(b) (K(b) )-associated peptides and critically required to induce full activation of H-2(k) monoclonal CD8(+) TLs expressing the cognate TCR-BM3.3. Here, we asked whether a pBM1/K(b) -specific TL subset could be detected within a polyclonal TL population rejecting allogeneic cells in vivo. We show that the proportion of pBM1/K(b) -binding CD8(+) TLs increased from <0.04% in naïve mice to 3% of activated CD44(+) CD8(+) TLs in H-2(k) mice rejecting K(b) -expressing cells. Among these, TCR-Vβ2 usage was greatly enriched, and 75% of them shared a TCR-Vβ2 CDR3β motif with the prototype TCR-BM3.3. Fewer than 5% of K(b) -reactive CD44(+) CD8(+) TLs not binding pBM1/K(b) displayed this CDR3β motif. We found that the recurrent CDR3β motif of pBM1/K(b) -binding TLs was assembled from distinct V/D/J recombination events, suggesting that it is recruited upon immunization for its optimal TCR-peptide/MHC fit. Thus, a CDR3β motif generated by a process akin to "convergent recombination" accounts for a sizable fraction of the alloreactive anti-K(b) TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Scifo
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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3
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Davanture S, Leignadier J, Milani P, Soubeyran P, Malissen B, Malissen M, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Boyer C. Selective defect in antigen-induced TCR internalization at the immune synapse of CD8 T cells bearing the ZAP-70(Y292F) mutation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3140-9. [PMID: 16116204 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cbl proteins have been implicated in ligand-induced TCR/CD3 down-modulation, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. We analyzed the effect of mutation of a cbl-binding site on ZAP-70 (ZAP-Y292F) on dynamics, internalization, and degradation of the TCR/CD3 complex in response to distinct stimuli. Naive CD8 T cells expressing the P14 transgenic TCR from ZAP-Y292F mice were selectively affected in TCR/CD3 down-modulation in response to antigenic stimulation, whereas neither anti-CD3 Ab-, and PMA-induced TCR down-modulation, nor constitutive receptor endocytosis/cycling were impaired. We further established that the defect in TCR/CD3 down-modulation in response to Ag was paralleled by an impaired TCR/CD3 internalization and CD3zeta degradation. Analysis of T/APC conjugates revealed that delayed redistribution of TCR at the T/APC contact zone was paralleled by a delay in TCR internalization in the synaptic zone in ZAP-Y292F compared with ZAP-wild-type T cells. Cbl recruitment to the synapse was also retarded in ZAP-Y292F T cells, although F-actin and LFA-1 redistribution was similar for both cell types. This study identifies a step involving ZAP-70/cbl interaction that is critical for rapid internalization of the TCR/CD3 complex at the CD8 T cell/APC synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzel Davanture
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, Cedex, France
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4
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Sigalov AB. Multichain immune recognition receptor signaling: different players, same game? Trends Immunol 2005; 25:583-9. [PMID: 15489186 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Sigalov
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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5
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Monjas A, Alcover A, Alarcón B. Engaged and bystander T cell receptors are down-modulated by different endocytotic pathways. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55376-84. [PMID: 15516342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409342200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement by stimulatory antibodies or its major histocompatibility complex-antigen ligand results in its down-modulation from the cell surface, a phenomenon that is thought to play a role in T cell desensitization. However, TCR engagement results in the down-modulation not only of the engaged receptors but also of non-engaged bystander TCRs. We have investigated the mechanisms that mediate the down-modulation of engaged and bystander receptors and show that co-modulation of the bystander TCRs requires protein-tyrosine kinase activity and is mediated by clathrin-coated pits. In contrast, the down-modulation of engaged TCRs is independent of protein-tyrosine kinases and clathrin pits, suggesting that this process is mediated by an alternate mechanism. Indeed, down-modulation of engaged TCRs appears to depend upon lipid rafts, because cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin completely blocks this process. Thus, two independent pathways of internalization are involved in TCR down-modulation and act differentially on directly engaged and bystander receptors. Finally, we propose that although both mechanisms coexist, the predominance of one or the other mechanisms will depend on the dose of ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Monjas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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6
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La Gruta NL, Liu H, Dilioglou S, Rhodes M, Wiest DL, Vignali DAA. Architectural Changes in the TCR:CD3 Complex Induced by MHC:Peptide Ligation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:3662-9. [PMID: 15004169 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of T cell activation is the ligation-induced down-modulation of the TCR:CD3 complex. However, little is known about the molecular events that drive this process. The CD3 zeta-chain has been shown to play a unique role in regulating the assembly, transport, and cell surface expression of the TCR:CD3 complex. In this study we have investigated the relationship between CD3zeta and the TCRalphabetaCD3epsilondeltagamma complex after ligation by MHC:peptide complexes. Our results show that there is a significant increase in free surface CD3zeta, which is not associated with the TCR:CD3 complex, after T cell stimulation. This may reflect dissociation of CD3zeta from the TCRalphabetaCD3epsilondeltagamma complex or transport of intracellular CD3zeta directly to the cell surface. We also show that MHC:peptide ligation also results in exposure of the TCR-associated CD3zeta NH2 terminus, which is ordinarily buried in the complex. These observations appears to be dependent on Src family protein tyrosine kinases, which are known to be critical for efficient T cell activation. These data suggest a mechanism by which ligated TCR may be differentiated from unligated TCR and selectively down-modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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7
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Jiménez-Martínez MC, Linares M, Báez R, Montaño LF, Martínez-Cairo S, Gorocica P, Chávez R, Zenteno E, Lascurain R. Intracellular expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated CD4+ CD57+ T-cell subpopulation with memory phenotype in tuberculosis patients. Immunology 2004; 111:100-6. [PMID: 14678204 PMCID: PMC1782398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In some chronic pathological conditions, antigen persistence activates and expands the CD4+ CD57+ T-cell subset. The host immune response against tuberculosis infection is maintained through the continuous presence of antigen-stimulated effector/memory helper T cells. To determine whether CD4+ CD57+ T cells were also expanded in human tuberculosis, we analysed (by flow cytometry) the phenotype of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from 30 tuberculosis patients and 30 healthy controls. We observed a significant increase in the CD4+ CD57+ T-cell subset in tuberculosis patients in comparison to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Most CD4+ CD57+ T cells exhibited a CD28- CD45RO+ CD62L- phenotype, which is associated with memory cells. In vitro, a higher number of antigen-stimulated CD4+ CD57+ T cells produced intracellular interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 compared with antigen-stimulated CD4+ CD57- T cells (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the majority of CD4+ CD57+ T cells correspond to a phenotype of activated memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Jiménez-Martínez
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México
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8
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Jimenez-Martinez MC, Linares M, Baez R, Montano LF, Martinez-Cairo S, Gorocica P, Chavez R, Zenteno E, Lascurain R. Intracellular expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated CD4+ CD57+ T-cell subpopulation with memory phenotype in tuberculosis patients. Immunology 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Torres PS, Alcover A, Zapata DA, Arnaud J, Pacheco A, Martín-Fernández JM, Villasevil EM, Sanal O, Regueiro JR. TCR dynamics in human mature T lymphocytes lacking CD3 gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:5947-55. [PMID: 12794121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.12.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of CD3gamma to the surface expression, internalization, and intracellular trafficking of the TCR/CD3 complex (TCR) has not been completely defined. However, CD3gamma is believed to be crucial for constitutive as well as for phorbol ester-induced internalization. We have explored TCR dynamics in resting and stimulated mature T lymphocytes derived from two unrelated human congenital CD3gamma-deficient (gamma(-)) individuals. In contrast to gamma(-) mutants of the human T cell line Jurkat, which were selected for their lack of membrane TCR and are therefore constitutively surface TCR negative, these natural gamma(-) T cells constitutively expressed surface TCR, mainly through biosynthesis of new chains other than CD3gamma. However, surface (but not intracellular) TCR expression in these cells was less than wild-type cells, and normal surface expression was clearly CD3gamma-dependent, as it was restored by retroviral transduction of CD3gamma. The reduced surface TCR expression was likely caused by an impaired assembly or membrane transport step during recycling, whereas constitutive internalization and degradation were apparently normal. Ab binding to the mutant TCR, but not phorbol ester treatment, caused its down-modulation from the cell surface, albeit at a slower rate than in normal controls. Kinetic confocal analysis indicated that early ligand-induced endocytosis was impaired. After its complete down-modulation, TCR re-expression was also delayed. The results suggest that CD3gamma contributes to, but is not absolutely required for, the regulation of TCR trafficking in resting and Ag-stimulated mature T lymphocytes. The results also indicate that TCR internalization is regulated differently in each case.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/immunology
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Superantigens/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar S Torres
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Jang IK, Gu H. Negative regulation of TCR signaling and T-cell activation by selective protein degradation. Curr Opin Immunol 2003; 15:315-20. [PMID: 12787757 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation was previously considered to be a nonspecific cellular process that eradicated abnormal or damaged proteins. Current evidence indicates, however, that T cells use this mechanism to selectively eliminate activated T-cell receptors (TCRs) and signaling molecules, and consequently control the duration and specificity of TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihn-Kyung Jang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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11
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Dietrich J, Menné C, Lauritsen JPH, von Essen M, Rasmussen AB, Ødum N, Geisler C. Ligand-induced TCR down-regulation is not dependent on constitutive TCR cycling. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5434-40. [PMID: 12023336 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TCR internalization takes place both in resting T cells as part of constitutive TCR cycling, after PKC activation, and during TCR triggering. It is still a matter of debate whether these pathways represent distinct pathways. Thus, some studies have indicated that ligand-induced TCR internalization is regulated by mechanisms distinct from those involved in constitutive internalization, whereas other studies have suggested that the ligand-induced TCR internalization pathway is identical with the constitutive pathway. To resolve this question, we first identified requirements for constitutive TCR cycling. We found that in contrast to PKC-induced TCR internalization where both CD3gamma-S(126) and the CD3gamma leucine-based internalization motif are required, constitutive TCR cycling required neither PKC nor CD3gamma-S(126) but only the CD3gamma leucine-based motif. Having identified these requirements, we next studied ligand-induced internalization in cells with abolished constitutive TCR cycling. We found that ligand-induced TCR internalization was not dependent on constitutive TCR internalization. Likewise, constitutive internalization and recycling of the TCR were independent of an intact ligand-induced internalization of the TCR. In conclusion, ligand-induced TCR internalization and constitutive cycling of the TCR represents two independent pathways regulated by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Dietrich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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von Essen M, Menné C, Nielsen BL, Lauritsen JPH, Dietrich J, Andersen PS, Karjalainen K, Ødum N, Geisler C. The CD3 gamma leucine-based receptor-sorting motif is required for efficient ligand-mediated TCR down-regulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:4519-23. [PMID: 11970997 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TCR down-regulation plays an important role in modulating T cell responses both during T cell development and in mature T cells. At least two distinct pathways exist for down-regulation of the TCR. One pathway is activated following TCR ligation and is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. The other pathway is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated activation of the CD3 gamma di-leucine-based receptor-sorting motif. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a connection between ligand- and PKC-induced TCR down-regulation. Thus, although an apparent paradox, the dogma has been that ligand- and PKC-induced TCR down-regulations are not interrelated. By analyses of a newly developed CD3 gamma-negative T cell variant, freshly isolated and PHA-activated PBMC, and a mouse T cell line, we challenged this dogma and demonstrate in this work that PKC activation and the CD3 gamma di-leucine-based motif are indeed required for efficient ligand-induced TCR down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina von Essen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Magnan A, Di Bartolo V, Mura AM, Boyer C, Richelme M, Lin YL, Roure A, Gillet A, Arrieumerlou C, Acuto O, Malissen B, Malissen M. T cell development and T cell responses in mice with mutations affecting tyrosines 292 or 315 of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase. J Exp Med 2001; 194:491-505. [PMID: 11514605 PMCID: PMC2193493 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.4.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR), the tyrosine residues 292 and 315 in interdomain B of the protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 become phosphorylated and plausibly function as docking sites for Cbl and Vav1, respectively. The two latter proteins have been suggested to serve as substrates for ZAP-70 and to fine-tune its function. To address the role of these residues in T cell development and in the function of primary T cells, we have generated mice that express ZAP-70 molecules with Tyr to Phe substitution at position 292 (Y292F) or 315 (Y315F). When analyzed in a sensitized TCR transgenic background, the ZAP-70 Y315F mutation reduced the rate of positive selection and delayed the occurrence of negative selection. Furthermore, this mutation unexpectedly affected the constitutive levels of the CD3-zeta p21 phosphoisoform. Conversely, the ZAP-70 Y292F mutation upregulated proximal events in TCR signaling and allowed more T cells to produce interleukin 2 and interferon gamma in response to a given dose of antigen. The observation that ZAP-70 Y292F T cells have a slower rate of ligand-induced TCR downmodulation suggests that Y292 is likely involved in regulating the duration activated TCR reside at the cell surface. Furthermore, we showed that Y292 and Y315 are dispensable for the TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl and Vav1, respectively. Therefore, other molecules present in the TCR signaling cassette act as additional adaptors for Cbl and Vav1. The present in vivo analyses extend previous data based on transformed T cell lines and suggest that residue Y292 plays a role in attenuation of TCR signaling, whereas residue Y315 enhances ZAP-70 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Magnan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Mura
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Claude Boyer
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Mireille Richelme
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Roure
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Gillet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Arrieumerlou
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pharmacologie, CNRS UPR 415, Institute Cochin de Génètique Moléculaire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Univ.Med., Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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14
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Savignac M, Badou A, Moreau M, Leclerc C, Guéry JC, Paulet P, Druet P, Ragab-Thomas J, Pelletier L. Protein kinase C-mediated calcium entry dependent upon dihydropyridine sensitive channels: a T cell receptor-coupled signaling pathway involved in IL-4 synthesis. FASEB J 2001; 15:1577-9. [PMID: 11427491 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0733fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Savignac
- INSERM U28, INSERM U326 and the 'Institut Fédératif de Recherche' IFR 30, 31059 Toulouse Cedex France
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15
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Simon AK, Auphan N, Pophillat M, Boyer C, Ghosh S, Rincón M, Flavell RA, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. The lack of NF-kappa B transactivation and PKC epsilon expression in CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes correlates with negative selection. Cell Death Differ 2000; 7:1253-62. [PMID: 11175263 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of autoreactive thymocytes at the DP stage is the basis for tolerance to thymus-expressed self antigens. In this study we investigated whether distinct signalling pathways are induced in DP thymocytes as compared to mature T cells upon stimulation with antigen. Using triple transgenic mice expressing a TCR transgene, dominant negative ras/Mek proteins and a reporter gene construct with AP-1 or NF-kappa B binding sites, we showed a complete lack of transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B but not AP-1 in DP thymocytes, whereas both were transcriptionally active in mature T cells after antigenic stimulation. Lack of NF-kappa B induction correlated with increased death in response to antigen. AP-1 induction was dependent on the integrity of the ras/Mek pathway indicating that this pathway was activated in the DP thymocytes. In contrast, we found a complete lack of constitutive expression of the epsilon isoform of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in DP thymocytes, although it was present in mature thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Taken together the results suggest that the lack of PKC epsilon in DP thymocytes could lead to the absence of NF-kappa B activity after antigenic stimulation contributing to negative selection. Cell Death and Differentiation (2000) 7, 1253 - 1262.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Simon
- Centre d'Immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille Luminy, Marseille, France.
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16
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Liu H, Rhodes M, Wiest DL, Vignali DA. On the dynamics of TCR:CD3 complex cell surface expression and downmodulation. Immunity 2000; 13:665-75. [PMID: 11114379 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TCR downmodulation following ligation by MHC:peptide complexes is considered to be a pivotal event in T cell activation. Here, we analyzed the dynamics of TCR:CD3 cell surface expression on resting and antigen-activated T cells. We show that the TCR:CD3 complex is very stable and is rapidly internalized and recycled in resting T cells. Surprisingly, the internalization rate is not increased following TCR ligation by MHC:peptide complexes, despite significant TCR downmodulation, suggesting that constitutive internalization rather than ligation-induced downmodulation serves as the force that drives serial ligation. Furthermore, TCR downmodulation is mediated by the intracellular retention of ligated complexes and degradation by lysosomes and proteasomes. Thus, our data demonstrate that ligation induces TCR downmodulation by preventing recycling rather than inducing internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101, USA
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