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Kielbassa K, Van der Weele L, Voskuyl AE, de Vries N, Eldering E, Kuijpers TW. Differential expression pattern of Bcl-2 family members in B and T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:225. [PMID: 37993903 PMCID: PMC10664305 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in B and T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to disease activity and the effect of various Bcl-2 family inhibitors (BH3 mimetics) as potential treatment. METHODS We included 14 SLE patients, 12 RA patients, and 13 healthy controls to study anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 expression and cell survival in different B and T cell subsets using stimulation assays and intracellular flow cytometry. Effect of various BH3 mimetics was assessed by cell viability analyses. RESULTS In SLE, significant differences in Bcl-2 family members were confined to the B cell compartment with decreased induction of Bcl-XL (p ≤ 0.05) and Mcl-1 (p ≤ 0.001) upon CpG stimulation. In RA, we did not observe any differences in expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins. Expression patterns did not correlate with disease activity apart from decreased induction of Mcl-1 in B cells in active SLE. After in vitro stimulation with CpG, plasmablasts were more viable after treatment with three different BH3 mimetics compared to naïve or memory B cells in control and patient cells. After activation, Mcl-1 inhibition was most effective in reducing plasmablast and T cell viability, however, less in patients than controls. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for the increased differential expression pattern of Bcl-2 family members in B and T cell subsets of patients with SLE compared to controls. Tested BH3 mimetics showed higher efficacy in controls compared to both autoimmune diseases, though nonsignificant due to low patient numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kielbassa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Van der Weele
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A E Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N de Vries
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Flümann R, Rehkämper T, Nieper P, Pfeiffer P, Holzem A, Klein S, Bhatia S, Kochanek M, Kisis I, Pelzer BW, Ahlert H, Hauer J, da Palma Guerreiro A, Ryan JA, Reimann M, Riabinska A, Wiederstein J, Krüger M, Deckert M, Altmüller J, Klatt AR, Frenzel LP, Pasqualucci L, Béguelin W, Melnick AM, Sander S, Montesinos-Rongen M, Brunn A, Lohneis P, Büttner R, Kashkar H, Borkhardt A, Letai A, Persigehl T, Peifer M, Schmitt CA, Reinhardt HC, Knittel G. An Autochthonous Mouse Model of Myd88- and BCL2-Driven Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Reveals Actionable Molecular Vulnerabilities. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 2:70-91. [PMID: 33447829 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on gene expression profiles, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is sub-divided into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. Two of the most common genomic aberrations in ABC-DLBCL are mutations in MYD88, as well as BCL2 copy number gains. Here, we employ immune phenotyping, RNA-Seq and whole exome sequencing to characterize a Myd88 and Bcl2-driven mouse model of ABC-DLBCL. We show that this model resembles features of human ABC-DLBCL. We further demonstrate an actionable dependence of our murine ABC-DLBCL model on BCL2. This BCL2 dependence was also detectable in human ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Moreover, human ABC-DLBCLs displayed increased PD-L1 expression, compared to GCB-DLBCL. In vivo experiments in our ABC-DLBCL model showed that combined venetoclax and RMP1-14 significantly increased the overall survival of lymphoma bearing animals, indicating that this combination may be a viable option for selected human ABC-DLBCL cases harboring MYD88 and BCL2 aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Flümann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascal Nieper
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pauline Pfeiffer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra Holzem
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Kochanek
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilmars Kisis
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt W Pelzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Ahlert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra da Palma Guerreiro
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeremy A Ryan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Maurice Reimann
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Virchow Campus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janica Wiederstein
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas R Klatt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Sandrine Sander
- Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma Group, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Montesinos-Rongen
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohneis
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Virchow Campus, Berlin, Germany.,Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Medical Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Minocha M, Zeng J, Medema JK, Othman AA. Pharmacokinetics of the B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Inhibitor Venetoclax in Female Subjects with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:1185-1198. [PMID: 29333561 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Venetoclax is an oral selective Bcl-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion. Mechanistic and preclinical evidence warranted evaluation of venetoclax for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This work characterized the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax in female subjects with SLE. METHODS Single (10-500 mg) and multiple (30-600 mg) escalating doses of venetoclax or matching placebo were evaluated using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designs (6 active and 2 placebo per dose with 73 unique SLE patients enrolled, 25 of whom enrolled twice). The multiple-dose evaluation consisted of two cycles, each with once-daily dosing for 7 days followed by a 21-day washout. Non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses of venetoclax serial plasma concentrations were conducted. RESULTS Venetoclax exhibited approximately dose-proportional exposures, with peak concentrations observed 4-8 h post-dose. Venetoclax steady-state exposures were achieved by day 4 of dosing, and the median area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) accumulation ratio ranged from 1.1 to 1.5. A two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination described venetoclax pharmacokinetics. The estimates (95% bootstrap confidence interval) for venetoclax apparent clearance, central and peripheral volumes of distribution, intercompartmental clearance, absorption rate constant, and lag time were 16.3 L/h (14.6-17.9), 37 L (26-57), 122 L (98-183), 3.7 L/h (2.6-5.0), 0.13 h-1 (0.11-0.17), and 1.6 h (1.6-1.7), respectively. The population estimate for venetoclax terminal-phase elimination half-life was approximately 28 h. CONCLUSIONS In female subjects with SLE, venetoclax displayed pharmacokinetic characteristics consistent with previous observations in subjects with hematologic malignancies. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01686555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Minocha
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Jiewei Zeng
- Discovery and Early Pipeline Statistics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Jeroen K Medema
- Immunology Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ahmed A Othman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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4
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Ward JM, Nikolov NP, Tschetter JR, Kopp JB, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S, Siegel RM. Progressive Glomerulonephritis and Histiocytic Sarcoma Associated with Macrophage Functional Defects in CYP1B1-Deficient Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:710-8. [PMID: 15580705 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490885706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 enzyme metabolically activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is a major P450 isoenzyme in human monocytes and macrophages. We have shown previously that mice deficient in CYP1B1 were resistant to induced tumors after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure. The pathology of aging CYP1B1 null mice on a B6; 129 background was studied in groups of 29 males and 30 females. By 12 months, 50% of the female mice had developed a unusual progressive glomerulonephritis while males had similar renal lesions later in life. This disease followed a sequence of proliferative, membranoproliferative and sclerotic glomerulonephritis. Anti-DNA antibodies were found in the blood of the mice along with immune deposits containing immunoglobulins in subepithelial locations of the glomerular basement membrane. The lesions were unlike those found in aging wild-type B6;129 mice or mice of other strains. We found that macrophages from CYP1B1-null mice were impaired in the phagocytosis of apoptotic, necrotic, and opsonized cells. This suggests a generalized defect in the phagocytic activity of CYP1B1-null mouse macrophages. Male mice also developed a high incidence (62—64%) of histiocytic sarcomas. Our study provides evidence that deficiency of CYP1B1 can play a role in the development of glomerular disease, normal processing of catabolic DNA and tumors of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The function of CYP1B1 in histiocytes and macrophages may involve both self-tolerance and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH and SoBran, Inc., Twinbrook 3, Room 2W-01A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8135, USA.
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5
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Bauer E, Schlederer M, Scheicher R, Horvath J, Aigner P, Schiefer AI, Kain R, Regele H, Hoermann G, Steiner G, Kenner L, Sexl V, Villunger A, Moriggl R, Stoiber D. Cooperation of ETV6/RUNX1 and BCL2 enhances immunoglobulin production and accelerates glomerulonephritis in transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 7:12191-205. [PMID: 26919255 PMCID: PMC4914278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(12;21) translocation generating the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene represents the most frequent chromosomal rearrangement in childhood leukemia. Presence of ETV6/RUNX1 alone is usually not sufficient for leukemia onset, and additional genetic alterations have to occur in ETV6/RUNX1-positive cells to cause transformation. We have previously generated an ETV6/RUNX1 transgenic mouse model where the expression of the fusion gene is restricted to CD19-positive B cells. Since BCL2 family members have been proposed to play a role in leukemogenesis, we investigated combined effects of ETV6/RUNX1 with exogenous expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2 by crossing ETV6/RUNX1 transgenic animals with Vav-BCL2 transgenic mice. Strikingly, co-expression of ETV6/RUNX1 and BCL2 resulted in significantly shorter disease latency in mice, indicating oncogene cooperativity. This was associated with faster development of follicular B cell lymphoma and exacerbated immune complex glomerulonephritis. ETV6/RUNX1-BCL2 double transgenic animals displayed increased B cell numbers and immunoglobulin titers compared to Vav-BCL2 transgenic mice. This led to pronounced deposition of immune complexes in glomeruli followed by accelerated development of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Thus, our study reveals a previously unrecognized synergism between ETV6/RUNX1 and BCL2 impacting on malignant disease and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Scheicher
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Steiner
- Cluster Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Lutz C, Mozaffari M, Tosevski V, Caj M, Cippà P, McRae BL, Graff CL, Rogler G, Fried M, Hausmann M. Increased lymphocyte apoptosis in mouse models of colitis upon ABT-737 treatment is dependent upon BIM expression. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:343-56. [PMID: 25845418 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated activation of lymphocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Medical therapies are linked to the BCL-2 family-mediated apoptosis. Imbalance in BCL-2 family proteins may cause failure in therapeutic responses. We investigated the role of BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-737 for lymphocyte apoptosis in mice under inflammatory conditions. B.6129P2-interleukin (IL)-10(tm1Cgn) /J (IL-10(-/-) ) weighing 25-30 g with ongoing colitis were used. Fifty mg/kg/day ABT-737 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Haematological analyses were performed with an ADVIA 2120 flow cytometer and mass cytometry with a CyTOF 2. Following i.p. administration, ABT-737 was detected in both spontaneous and acute colitis in peripheral blood (PBL) and colon tissue. Treatment led to lymphopenia. CD4(+) CD44(+) CD62L(+) central memory and CD8(+) , CD44(+) CD62L(-) central memory T cells were decreased in PBL upon ABT-737 compared to vehicle-receiving controls. Increased apoptosis upon ABT-737 was determined in blood lymphocytes, splenocytes and Peyer's patches and was accompanied by a decrease in TNF and IL-1B. ABT-737 positively altered the colonic mucosa and ameliorated inflammation, as shown by colonoscopy, histology and colon length. A decreased BIM/BCL-2 ratio or absence of BIM in both Bim(-) (/) (-) and Il10(-) (/) (-) × Bim(-) (/) (-) impeded the protective effect of ABT-737. The BIM/BCL-2 ratio decreased with age and during the course of treatment. Thus, long-term treatment resulted in adapted TNF levels and macroscopic mucosal damage. ABT-737 was efficacious in diminishing lymphocytes and ameliorating colitis in a BIM-dependent manner. Regulation of inappropriate survival of lymphocytes by ABT-737 may provide a therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lutz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Mozaffari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - V Tosevski
- Flow Cytometry Facility, University Zürich
| | - M Caj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - P Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B L McRae
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C L Graff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Worcester, MA, USA
| | - G Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
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7
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Iscache AL, Ménoret S, Tesson L, Rémy S, Usal C, Pedros C, Saoudi A, Buelow R, Anegon I. Effects of BCL-2 over-expression on B cells in transgenic rats and rat hybridomas. Int Immunol 2011; 23:625-36. [PMID: 21930595 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is an important biomedical experimental model that benefited from the recent development of new transgenic and knockout techniques. With the goal to optimize rat mAb production and to analyze the impact of Bcl-2 on B-cell development, we generated bcl-2 transgenic rats. Transgenic rats showed Bcl-2 over-expression in B cells, increased B cell numbers in lymphoid organs, elevated production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and prolonged B-cell survival in vitro. Transgenic rats remained healthy, reproduced normally and did not develop autoimmunity. Fusions with bcl-2 transgenic splenocytes did not result in increased hybridoma generation. A comparison of on- and off-rates of 39 mAbs generated with bcl-2 transgenic and wild-type animals revealed no significant differences. Over-expression of Bcl-2 in hybridomas did not change cell proliferation but resulted in increased Ig production. Bcl-2 transgenic rats will be a useful tool for the generation of rat mAbs, the analysis of B cells in different pathophysiological models, such as autoimmunity, cancer or organ transplantation, and the study of rat B-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Iscache
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 643, Nantes, F44093 France
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8
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Enforced expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 ablates tolerance induction in DNA-reactive B cells through a novel mechanism. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:18-27. [PMID: 21458954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How self tolerance is maintained during B cell development in the bone marrow has been a focal area of study in immunology. Receptor editing, anergy and clonal deletion all play important roles in the regulation of autoimmunity in the immature population. The mechanisms of tolerance induction in the periphery, however, are less well characterized. Overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 rescues autoreactive B cells from deletion and can contribute to the development of autoimmune disease in certain genetic backgrounds. Using a peptide-induced autoimmunity model, we recently identified a peripheral tolerance checkpoint in antigen-activated B cells that have undergone class switching and somatic hypermutation. At this checkpoint, receptor editing, induced by antigen engagement, dampened the autoantibody response. In this study, we show that receptor editing fails to be induced in antigen-activated DNA-reactive B cells that overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 Tg). The failure to induce RAG and receptor editing is likely due, at least partially, to the lack of self antigen. First, the levels of circulating DNA and of apoptotic bodies in the spleen of Bcl-2 Tg mice are significantly lower than in control mice. Second, in Bcl-2 Tg mice, RAG can be induced in a population of antigen-activated B cells by providing exogenous soluble antigen. These data suggest that, in addition to its anti-apoptotic activity, Bcl-2 may indirectly inhibit tolerance induction in B cells acquiring anti-nuclear antigen reactivity after peripheral activation by limiting the availability of self antigen.
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9
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Chang NH, Cheung YH, Loh C, Pau E, Roy V, Cai YC, Wither J. B cell activating factor (BAFF) and T cells cooperate to breach B cell tolerance in lupus-prone New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11691. [PMID: 20661465 PMCID: PMC2908288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice suggests a B cell tolerance defect however the nature of this defect is unknown. To determine whether defects in B cell anergy contribute to the autoimmune phenotype in NZB mice, soluble hen egg lysozyme (sHEL) and anti-HEL Ig transgenes were bred onto the NZB background to generate double transgenic (dTg) mice. NZB dTg mice had elevated levels of anti-HEL antibodies, despite apparently normal B cell functional anergy in-vitro. NZB dTg B cells also demonstrated increased survival and abnormal entry into the follicular compartment following transfer into sHEL mice. Since this process is dependent on BAFF, BAFF serum and mRNA levels were assessed and were found to be significantly elevated in NZB dTg mice. Treatment of NZB sHEL recipient mice with TACI-Ig reduced NZB dTg B cell survival following adoptive transfer, confirming the role of BAFF in this process. Although NZB mice had modestly elevated BAFF, the enhanced NZB B cell survival response appeared to result from an altered response to BAFF. In contrast, T cell blockade had a minimal effect on B cell survival, but inhibited anti-HEL antibody production. The findings suggest that the modest BAFF elevations in NZB mice are sufficient to perturb B cell tolerance, particularly when acting in concert with B cell functional abnormalities and T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Hua Chang
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yui-Ho Cheung
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Loh
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Pau
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Roy
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yong-Chun Cai
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Wither
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Bardwell PD, Gu J, McCarthy D, Wallace C, Bryant S, Goess C, Mathieu S, Grinnell C, Erickson J, Rosenberg SH, Schwartz AJ, Hugunin M, Tarcsa E, Elmore SW, McRae B, Murtaza A, Wang LC, Ghayur T. The Bcl-2 family antagonist ABT-737 significantly inhibits multiple animal models of autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7482-9. [PMID: 19494271 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins plays a critical role in controlling immune responses by regulating the expansion and contraction of activated lymphocyte clones by apoptosis. ABT-737, which was originally developed for oncology, is a potent inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bcl-w protein function. There is evidence that Bcl-2-associated dysregulation of lymphocyte apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we report that ABT-737 treatment resulted in potent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation as measured by in vitro mitogenic or ex vivo Ag-specific stimulation. More importantly, ABT-737 significantly reduced disease severity in tissue-specific and systemic animal models of autoimmunity. Bcl-2 family antagonism by ABT-737 was efficacious in treating animal models of arthritis and lupus. Our results suggest that treatment with a Bcl-2 family antagonist represents a novel and potentially attractive therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Bardwell
- Department of Biologics, Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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11
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Kumar KR, Mohan C. Understanding B-cell tolerance through the use of immunoglobulin transgenic models. Immunol Res 2007; 40:208-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-007-8008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Liu K, Mohan C. What do mouse models teach us about human SLE? Clin Immunol 2006; 119:123-30. [PMID: 16517211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, and Center for Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Mail Code 8884, Y8.204, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8884, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Although B cells that respond with high avidity to self-antigen are eliminated early in their development, many autoreactive B cells escape elimination and are tolerized later in their lives via anergy. Anergic B cells are unresponsive to antigen and die prematurely. It has been suggested that the proapoptotic protein, Bim, controls the fate of anergic B cells. To test this idea, mice lacking Bim were crossed with mice that express soluble hen egg lysozyme and whose B cells bear receptors specific for the protein. In Bim+/+ mice these B cells are anergic and die rapidly. If the mice lack Bim, however, the B cells live longer, are more mature, respond to antigen, and secrete anti–hen egg lysozyme antibodies. This break of tolerance is not due to expression of endogenous B cell receptors, nor is it dependent on T cells. Rather, it appears to be due to a reduced requirement for the cytokine BAFF. Normal B cells require BAFF both for differentiation and survival. Bim−/− B cells, on the other hand, require BAFF only for differentiation. Therefore, autoreactive B cells are allowed to survive if they lack Bim and thus accumulate sufficient signals from differentiating factors to drive their maturation and production of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Oliver
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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14
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Fields ML, Hondowicz BD, Wharton GN, Adair BS, Metzgar MH, Alexander ST, Caton AJ, Erikson J. The regulation and activation of lupus-associated B cells. Immunol Rev 2005; 204:165-83. [PMID: 15790358 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) B cells are regulated in non-autoimmune mice. While some are deleted or undergo receptor editing, a population of anti-dsDNA (VH3H9/V lambda 1) B cells that emigrate into the periphery has also been identified. These cells have an altered phenotype relative to normal B cells in that they have a reduced lifespan, appear developmentally arrested, and localize primarily to the T/B-cell interface in the spleen. This phenotype may be the consequence of immature B cells encountering antigen in the absence of T-cell help. When provided with T-cell help, the anti-dsDNA B cells differentiate into antibody-forming cells. In the context of the autoimmune-prone lpr/lpr or gld/gld mutations, the VH3H9/V lambda 1 anti-dsDNA B cells populate the B-cell follicle and by 12 weeks of age produce serum autoantibodies. The early event of anti-dsDNA B-cell follicular entry, in the absence of autoantibody production, is dependent upon CD4(+) T cells. We hypothesize that control of autoantibody production in young autoimmune-prone mice may be regulated by the counterbalancing effect of T-regulatory (T(reg)) cells. Consistent with this model, we have demonstrated that T(reg) cells are able to prevent autoantibody production induced by T-cell help. Additional studies are aimed at investigating the mechanisms of this suppression as well as probing the impact of distinct forms of T-cell-dependent and -independent activation on anti-dsDNA B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Fields
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Sandal T, Aumo L, Hedin L, Gjertsen BT, Døskeland SO. Irod/Ian5: an inhibitor of gamma-radiation- and okadaic acid-induced apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 2003; 14:3292-304. [PMID: 12925764 PMCID: PMC181568 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase-directed toxins such as okadaic acid (OA) are general apoptosis inducers. We show that a protein (inhibitor of radiation- and OA-induced apoptosis, Irod/Ian5), belonging to the family of immune-associated nucleotide binding proteins, protected Jurkat T-cells against OA- and gamma-radiation-induced apoptosis. Unlike previously described antiapoptotic proteins Irod/Ian5 did not protect against anti-Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, staurosporine, UV-light, or a number of chemotherapeutic drugs. Irod antagonized a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-dependent step upstream of activation of caspase 3. Irod has predicted GTP-binding, coiled-coil, and membrane binding domains. Irod localized to the centrosomal/Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum compartment. Deletion of either the C-terminal membrane binding domain or the N-terminal GTP-binding domain did not affect the antiapoptotic function of Irod, nor the centrosomal localization. The middle part of Irod, containing the coiled-coil domain, was therefore responsible for centrosomal anchoring and resistance toward death. Being widely expressed and able to protect also nonimmune cells, the function of Irod may not be limited to the immune system. The function and localization of Irod indicate that the centrosome and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II may have important roles in apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Sandal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical faculty, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Hahn
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Abstract
Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in both human patients and animal models. Recent progress in experimental systems and human linkage analysis is providing key insights into the genetic basis for susceptibility and elucidating the manner in which genetic interactions mediate severe disease pathogenesis. Genes in multiple pathways appear to participate in specific elements of the disease, and epistatic interactions among these genes play an important role in both aggravating and suppressing disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Wakeland
- Center for Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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18
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Mandik-Nayak L, Huang G, Sheehan KC, Erikson J, Chaplin DD. Signaling through TNF receptor p55 in TNF-alpha-deficient mice alters the CXCL13/CCL19/CCL21 ratio in the spleen and induces maturation and migration of anergic B cells into the B cell follicle. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:1920-8. [PMID: 11489971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The organization of secondary lymphoid tissues into distinct T and B cell compartments supports proper regulation of an immune response to foreign Ags. In the splenic white pulp, this compartmentalization is also thought to be important in the maintenance of B cell tolerance. Using lymphotoxin-alpha-(LT-alpha)-, TNF-alpha-, or TNFRp55-deficient mice, all with disrupted splenic architecture, we tested whether normal T/B segregation and/or intact follicular structure are necessary for the maintenance of anti-dsDNA B cell anergy. This study demonstrates that anti-dsDNA B cells remain tolerant in LT-alpha(-/-), TNF-alpha(-/-), and TNFRp55(-/-) mice; however, TNF-alpha or a TNF-alpha-dependent factor is required for their characteristic positioning to the T/B interface. Providing a TNF-alpha signal in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice by systemic administration of an agonist anti-TNFRp55 mAb induces the maturation of the anti-dsDNA B cells and their movement away from the T cell area toward the B cell area. Additionally, the agonist Ab induces changes in the follicular environment, including FDC clustering, up-regulation of the CXC chemokine ligand CXCL13, and down-regulation of the CC chemokine ligands CCL19 and CCL21. Therefore, this study suggests that a balance between B and T cell tropic chemokine signals may be an important mechanism for positioning anergic B cells at the T/B interface of the splenic white pulp.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CCL19
- Chemokine CCL21
- Chemokine CXCL13
- Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Clonal Anergy/genetics
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/cytology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Immune Sera/physiology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Intravenous
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/deficiency
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mandik-Nayak
- Center for Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davidson
- Department of Microbiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Abstract
The complex multifactorial inheritance pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus in various murine models has been dissected via both classic genetic analysis and the use of modern technologies in genomic manipulation. Current information suggests that lupus may be mediated by a multitude of genetic abnormalities that impact on specific checkpoints in a three-step pathogenic pathway. These steps are as follows: loss of immunologic tolerance to nuclear antigens; the transition to pathogenic autoimmunity; and end-organ targeting. The identities of the genes that are responsible for transition between the specific steps of the pathway are still unknown and will require further study. However, several recent findings have provided insights into specific elements in each stage of lupus. These findings suggest that mouse models of lupus may provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of human systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Yim
- Center for Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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Santulli-Marotto S, Qian Y, Ferguson S, Clarke SH. Anti-Sm B cell differentiation in Ig transgenic MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice: altered differentiation and an accelerated response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5292-9. [PMID: 11290816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To determine the regulation of B cells specific for the ribonucleoprotein Sm, a target of the immune system in human and mouse lupus, we have generated mice carrying an anti-Sm H chain transgene (2-12H). Anti-Sm B cells in nonautoimmune 2-12H-transgenic (Tg) mice are functional, but, in the absence of immunization, circulating anti-Sm Ab levels are not different from those of non-Tg mice. In this report, we compare the regulation of anti-Sm B cells in nonautoimmune and autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) and bcl-2-22-Tg mice. Activation markers are elevated on splenic and peritoneal anti-Sm B cells of both nonautoimmune and autoimmune genetic backgrounds indicating Ag encounter. Although tolerance to Sm is maintained in 2-12H/bcl-2-22-Tg mice, it is lost in 2-12H-Tg MRL/lpr mice, as the transgene accelerates and increases the prevalence of the anti-Sm response. The 2-12H-Tg MRL/lpr mice have transitional anti-Sm B cells in the spleen similar to nonautoimmune mice. However, in contrast to nonautoimmune mice, there are few if any peritoneal anti-Sm B-1 cells. These data suggest that a defect in B-1 differentiation may be a factor in the loss of tolerance to Sm and provide insight into the low prevalence of the anti-Sm response in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santulli-Marotto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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22
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Seo S, Buckler J, Erikson J. Novel roles for Lyn in B cell migration and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness revealed using anti-double-stranded DNA Ig transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3710-6. [PMID: 11238611 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lyn-deficient mice produce Abs against dsDNA, yet exhibit exaggerated tolerance to the model Ag hen-egg lysozyme. To investigate this apparent contradiction, and to further examine the function of Lyn in Ag-engaged cells, we have used an anti-dsDNA Ig transgenic model. Previously, looking at these anti-dsDNA B cells in Lyn-sufficient BALB/c mice, we showed that they are regulated by functional inactivation (anergy). In the absence of Lyn, these anti-dsDNA B cells remain unable to secrete Ab. This suggests that functional inactivation of anti-dsDNA B cells does not depend on Lyn, and that the anti-dsDNA Abs that are produced in lyn(-/-) mice arise from a defect in another mechanism of B cell tolerance. Although the anti-dsDNA B cells remain anergic, Lyn deficiency does restore their ability to proliferate to LPS. This reveals a novel role for Lyn in mediating the LPS unresponsiveness that normally follows surface Ig engagement. Furthermore, Lyn deficiency leads to an altered splenic localization and EBV-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine responsiveness of anti-dsDNA B cells, as well as an absence of marginal zone B cells, suggesting additional roles for Lyn in controlling the migration and development of specific B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seo
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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