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Hashimoto R, Koide H, Katoh Y. MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:374. [PMID: 37833247 PMCID: PMC10575927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that can cause an acute inflammatory response. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important innate immune system components and is synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS) in macrophages in response to stimulation with LPS. LPS activates the RAS-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to examine how the combination of LPS and MEK inhibitors, which have been used as anticancer agents in recent years, affects inflammation. We showed that MEK inhibitors enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. A MEK inhibitor increased the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. The expression of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophages was enhanced by the MEK inhibitor, as shown by a cytokine array and ELISA. IL-12 enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in response to LPS. We also showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was secreted by macrophage after stimulation with LPS and that TNF-α and IL-12 synergistically induced iNOS expression and NO production. An anti-IL-12 neutralizing antibody prevented NO production and mortality in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in the presence of a MEK inhibitor. These results suggest that the MEK inhibitor increases the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
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Kumar S, Zutshi S, Jha MK, Chauhan P, Saha B. Development of the Antileishmanial Vaccine. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2410:433-461. [PMID: 34914062 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Search for an efficacious antileishmanial vaccine has led to clinical trials of numerous vaccine candidates in the past few decades. As no promising candidate has emerged from these studies, novel vaccine modalities and vaccine assessment techniques are still emerging for antileishmanial vaccine development. Briefly, this chapter discusses: (a) history and timeline of antileishmanial vaccine development; (b) techniques utilized for developing whole-parasite and subunit-based antileishmanial vaccine formulations, and (c) immunogenicity and post-challenge protective efficacy assessment of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Jha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.
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Vlad D, Albu S. Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111809. [PMID: 31683763 PMCID: PMC6912297 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vlad
- Second Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400489, Romania.
- Department of ENT, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania.
| | - Silviu Albu
- Second Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400489, Romania.
- Department of ENT, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania.
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Zu LD, Peng XC, Zeng Z, Wang JL, Meng LL, Shen WW, Hu CT, Yang Y, Fu GH. Gastrin inhibits gastric cancer progression through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:115. [PMID: 29866191 PMCID: PMC5987590 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the hypothesis that activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) regulates P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in gastric cancer (GC) and the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis plays an important role in the development of GC, and to evaluate the role of gastrin in GC progression and ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. METHODS The component levels of the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in four fresh GC tissues, 101 paraffin-embedded GC tissues and four GC cell lines were determined by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or qRT-PCR. The effects of gastrin on GC were first evaluated by measuring gastrin serum levels in 30 healthy and 70 GC patients and performing a correlation analysis between gastrin levels and survival time in 27 GC patients after eight years of follow-up, then evaluated on GC cell lines, GC cell xenograft models, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models. The roles of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in GC progression and in the effects of gastrin on GC were examined. RESULTS ERK- P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis was proved to be present in GC cells. The levels of components of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis were decreased in GC tissue samples and PGC cells. The decreased levels of components of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis were associated with poor prognosis of GC, and ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis played a suppressive role in GC progression. Low blood gastrin was correlated with poor prognosis of the GC patients and decreased expression of p-ERK and p-P65 in GC tissues. Gastrin inhibited proliferation of poorly-differentiated GC (PGC) cells through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. Gastrin inhibited GC growth and enhanced the suppression of GC by cisplatin in mice or PGC cell culture models through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis or its components. CONCLUSIONS ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis is down-regulated, leading to excess GC growth and poor prognosis of GC. Low gastrin promoted excess GC growth and contributed to the poor prognosis of the GC patients by down-regulating ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. Gastrin inhibits gastric cancer growth through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dong Zu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Long Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Meng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shen
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ting Hu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Oishi S, Takano R, Tamura S, Tani S, Iwaizumi M, Hamaya Y, Takagaki K, Nagata T, Seto S, Horii T, Osawa S, Furuta T, Miyajima H, Sugimoto K. M2 polarization of murine peritoneal macrophages induces regulatory cytokine production and suppresses T-cell proliferation. Immunology 2016; 149:320-328. [PMID: 27421990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived macrophages are divided into two phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets, M1 and M2 macrophages. Recently, it was shown that adoptive transfer of M2-polarized peritoneal macrophages reduced the severity of experimental colitis in mice. However, it is still unclear whether peritoneal macrophages possess the same ability to be polarized to cells with functionally different phenotypes and cytokine production patterns as bone-marrow-derived macrophages. To address this question, we examined the ability of peritoneal macrophages to be polarized to the M1 and M2 phenotypes and determined the specific cytokine profiles of cells with each phenotype. We showed that peritoneal macrophages, as well as bone-marrow-derived macrophages, were differentiated into M1 and M2 phenotypes following stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-13, respectively. Following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, M2-polarized peritoneal macrophages predominantly expressed T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and regulatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, transforming growth factor-β and IL-10, whereas M1-polarized peritoneal macrophages expressed negligible amounts of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ELISA showed that M2-polarized peritoneal macrophages produced significantly more IL-10 than M1-polarized peritoneal macrophages. Notably, M2-polarized peritoneal macrophages contributed more to the suppression of T-cell proliferation than did M1-polarized peritoneal macrophages. The mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, increased in T-cells co-cultured with M2-polarized macrophages. Hence, our findings showed that M2 polarization of peritoneal macrophages induced regulatory cytokine production and suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro, and that resident peritoneal macrophages could be used as a new adoptive transfer therapy for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases after polarization to the regulatory phenotype ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Oishi
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takano
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamura
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Tani
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takagaki
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshi Nagata
- Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Seto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Horii
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Centre for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyajima
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Stanojević S, Kovačević-Jovanović V, Dimitrijević M, Vujić V, Ćuruvija I, Blagojević V, Leposavić G. Unopposed Estrogen Supplementation/Progesterone Deficiency in Post-Reproductive Age Affects the Secretory Profile of Resident Macrophages in a Tissue-Specific Manner in the Rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:445-56. [PMID: 26307150 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The influence of unopposed estrogen replacement/isolated progesterone deficiency on macrophage production of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in the post-reproductive age was studied. METHOD OF STUDY Considering that in the rats post-ovariectomy the circulating estradiol, but not progesterone level rises to the values in sham-operated controls, 20-month-old rats ovariectomized at the age of 10 months served as an experimental model. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and arginine metabolism end-products were examined in splenic and peritoneal macrophages under basal conditions and following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. RESULTS Almost all peritoneal and a subset of splenic macrophages expressed the intracellular progesterone receptor. Ovariectomy diminished cytokine production by splenic (IL-1β) and peritoneal (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) macrophages and increased the production of IL-10 by splenic and TGF-β by peritoneal cells under basal conditions. Following LPS stimulation, splenic macrophages from ovariectomized rats produced less TNF-α and more IL-10, whereas peritoneal macrophages produced less IL-1β and TGF-β than the corresponding cells from sham-operated rats. Ovariectomy diminished urea production in both subpopulations of LPS-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION Although long-lasting isolated progesterone deficiency in the post-reproductive age differentially affects cytokine production in the macrophages from distinct tissue compartments, in both subpopulations, it impairs the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stanojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kovačević-Jovanović
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vujić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ćuruvija
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang C, Yu X, Cao Q, Wang Y, Zheng G, Tan TK, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Harris DC. Characterization of murine macrophages from bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:6. [PMID: 23384230 PMCID: PMC3574850 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages have heterogeneous phenotypes and complex functions within both innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, most experimental studies have been performed on macrophages derived from bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum. However, differences among macrophages from these particular sources remain unclear. In this study, the features of murine macrophages from bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum were compared. Results We found that peritoneal macrophages (PMs) appear to be more mature than bone marrow derived macrophages (BMs) and splenic macrophages (SPMs) based on their morphology and surface molecular characteristics. BMs showed the strongest capacity for both proliferation and phagocytosis among the three populations of macrophage. Under resting conditions, SPMs maintained high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α), whereas BMs produced high levels of suppressive cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). However, SPMs activated with LPS not only maintained higher levels of (IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α) than BMs or PMs, but also maintained higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. Conclusions Our results show that BMs, SPMs and PMs are distinct populations with different biological functions, providing clues to guide their further experimental or therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Asai A, Nakamura K, Kobayashi M, Herndon DN, Suzuki F. CCL1 released from M2b macrophages is essentially required for the maintenance of their properties. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:859-67. [PMID: 22730547 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with 10-30 days postburn injury are greatly susceptible to infections. M1M (IL-10(-)IL-12(+) M) are essential cells in host antibacterial innate immunity against MRSA infections. However, these effector cells are not easily generated in hosts who are carriers of M2bM (IL-12(-)IL-10(+)CCL1(+)LIGHT(+) M). M2bM are inhibitory on M1M generation. In this study, the antibacterial resistance of mice, 10-30 days postburn injury against MRSA infection, was improved by the modulation of M2bM activities. Unburned mice inoculated with M preparations from mice, 10-30 days after burn injury, were susceptible to MRSA infection, whereas unburned mice, inoculated with M preparations from the same mice that were previously treated with CCL1 antisense ODN, were resistant to the infection. M2bM, isolated from Day 15 burn mice, lost their M2bM properties 3 days after cultivation under frequent medium changes, whereas their M2bM properties remained in the same cultures supplemented with rCCL1. In cultures, M preparations from Day 15 burn mice treated with CCL1 antisense ODN did not produce CCL1 and did convert to M1M after heat-killed MRSA stimulation. Also, Day 15 burn mice treated with the ODN became resistant against MRSA infection. These results indicate that CCL1 released from M2bM is essentially required for the maintenance of their properties. The increased susceptibility of mice, 10-30 days after burn injury to MRSA infection, may be controlled through the intervention of CCL1 production by M2bM appearing in association with severe burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Asai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Parajuli B, Sonobe Y, Kawanokuchi J, Doi Y, Noda M, Takeuchi H, Mizuno T, Suzumura A. Immunoglobulin G(1) immune complex upregulates interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production via ERK1/2 activation in murine microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 244:57-62. [PMID: 22306300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is elevated in some central nervous system (CNS) diseases and microglia upregulate Fcγ receptors in various neurological disorders. However, the interaction between IgG or IgG immune complexes and microglial Fcγ receptors is not fully understood. In this study, the effect of IgG(1) immune complexes on microglia was investigated. IgG(1) immune complexes increased nitric oxide production in murine microglia in the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ. These effects were dependent upon IgG(1) immune complex-induced activation of spleen tyrosine kinase with subsequent activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2. Collectively, these results indicate that IgG(1) immune complexes can exert immunomodulatory effects in various central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Age-related decline in macrophage and lymphocyte functions in mice and its alleviation by treatment with probiotic Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. J DAIRY RES 2011; 78:404-11. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of probiotic Dahi administration in ageing mice on macrophage and lymphocyte functions. Probiotic Dahi were prepared by co-culturing in buffalo milk (3% fat) Dahi bacteria (Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris NCDC-86 and Lc. lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis NCDC-60) along with Lactobacillus acidophilus LaVK2 (La-Dahi) or combined Lb. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum BbVK3 (LaBb-Dahi). Four groups of 12 mo old mice were fed for four months, with the supplements (5 g/day) of buffalo milk (3% fat), Dahi, La-Dahi and LaBb-Dahi, respectively, in addition to basal diet, and a fifth group that received no supplements served as control. The immune functions of young mice (4 mo old) were also compared with those of ageing adult mice (16 mo old). The production of nitric oxide and cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α declined and that of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased by stimulated peritoneal and splenic macrophages in ageing mice, compared with their young counterparts. The proliferation of stimulated splenocytes diminished and the production of IL-2 decreased and that of IL-6 and TNF-α enhanced in ageing compared with young mice. Feeding ageing mice with La-Dahi or LaBb-Dahi improved peritoneal macrophage functions stimulating nitric oxide and IL-6 and diminishing PGE2 production. Feeding La-Dahi or LaBb-Dahi also improved lymphocyte functions stimulating their proliferation and production of IL-2 in ageing mice. To conclude, the probiotic La-Dahi and LaBb-Dahi are effective in reversing age related decline in immune functions in mice.
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Koga K, Takahashi K, Linge HM, Mello A, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Miller EJ. Strain differences in alveolar neutrophil infiltration and macrophage phenotypes in an acute lung inflammation model. Mol Med 2011; 17:780-9. [PMID: 21541443 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, and the magnitude of the lung inflammatory response correlates with patient survival. Previously, we have shown that neutrophil migration into joints is regulated by arthritis severity quantitative trait loci (QTLs). However, it is unclear whether these QTLs contribute to the regulation of lung inflammation in pneumonias. Therefore, to more clearly define the factors regulating acute inflammatory responses in the lung, we examined two inbred rat strains, DA and F344, that differ in these QTLs and their susceptibility to joint inflammation. Staphylococcal cell wall components lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN), administered intratracheally, significantly increased the numbers of neutrophils retrieved in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). F344 had approximately 10-fold more neutrophils in the BALF compared with DA (P < 0.001) and higher BALF concentrations of total protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and macrophage inflammatory protein 2. LTA/PGN administration in DA×F344 congenic strains (Cia3d, Cia4, Cia5a, and Cia6) resulted in inflammation similar to that in DA, demonstrating that the genes responsible for the differences in pulmonary inflammation are not contained within the chromosomal intervals carried by these congenic strains. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from naïve F344 stimulated in vitro with LTA/PGN produced significantly higher levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 than alveolar macrophages from DA rats. The differences were related to differential mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. We conclude that the factors contributing to inflammation can be site and challenge dependent. A better understanding of site-specific inflammation may lead to more effective treatment of acute lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Zhang
- Center for Heart and Lung Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
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Bleau C, Monges A, Rashidan K, Laverdure JP, Lacroix M, Van Calsteren MR, Millette M, Savard R, Lamontagne L. Intermediate chains of exopolysaccharides fromLactobacillus rhamnosusRW-9595M increase IL-10 production by macrophages. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:666-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu X, Liu Y, Liu S, Diao F, Xu R, Ni X. Lipopolysaccharide primes macrophages to increase nitric oxide production in response to Staphylococcus Aureus. Immunol Lett 2007; 112:75-81. [PMID: 17686532 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, the leading cause of death in intensive care units, is associated with overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). The mechanism concerning the NO production in the sepsis caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is largely unknown. The present study examines the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Staphylococcus aureus-induced NO production in macrophages. In the naïve murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSa) induced a significant NO production at a high concentration (100 microg/ml). However, pretreatment of the cells with increasing concentration of LPS (10-50 ng/ml) resulted in induction of NO production by HKSa even at the doses of 1 and 10 microg/ml. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in response to HKSa was also enhanced by LPS pretreatment, suggesting that LPS priming NO production is due to the enhancement of iNOS expression. We examined whether protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcineurin signaling pathways are involved in the priming effects of LPS. It was found that the PKC inhibitor Gö6976, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A significantly reversed the priming effects of LPS on HKSa-induced NO production and iNOS expression. In contrast, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 did not block the induction of priming by LPS. These data support the hypothesis that LPS primes macrophages for enhancement of HKSa-induced NO production, and indicate that PKC, p38 and calcineurin might be involved in the LPS-induced priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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