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He W, Yuan K, He J, Wang C, Peng L, Han Y, Chen N. Network and pathway-based analysis of genes associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:102. [PMID: 36819552 PMCID: PMC9929830 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Although diagnostic methods and treatments have improved over the last few years, the 5-year survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains generally poor. The development of high-throughput technology has facilitated great achievements in localization of ESCC-related genes. To take a further step toward a thorough understanding of ESCC at a molecular level, the potential pathogenesis of ESCC needs to be deciphered. Methods The interaction of ESCC-related genes was explored by collecting genes associated with ESCC and then performing gene enrichment assays, pathway enrichment assays, pathway crosstalk analysis, and extraction of ESCC-specific subnetwork to describe the relevant biochemical processes. Results Through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, many molecular functions related to response to chemical, cellular response to stimulus, and cell proliferation were found to be significantly enriched in ESCC-related genes. The results of pathway and pathway crosstalk analysis showed that pathways associated with multiple malignant tumors, the immune system, and metabolic processes were significantly enriched in ESCC-related genes. Through the analysis of specific subnetworks, we obtained some novel ESCC-related potential genes, such as MUC13, GSTO1, FIN, GRB2, CDC25C, and others. Conclusions The molecular mechanism of ESCC is extremely complex. Some inducing factors change the expression status of many genes. The abnormal expression of genes mediates the biological processes involved in immunity and metabolism, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, leading to the occurrence of tumors. The genes MUC13, RYK, and FIN may be potential prognostic indicators of ESCC; GRB2 and CDC25C may be potential targets of ESCC in proliferation. Our work may provide valuable information for further understanding the molecular mechanisms for the development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlan He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongtao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianyong Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Meyer S, Handke D, Mueller A, Biehl K, Kreuz M, Bukur J, Koehl U, Lazaridou MF, Berneburg M, Steven A, Massa C, Seliger B. Distinct Molecular Mechanisms of Altered HLA Class II Expression in Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153907. [PMID: 34359808 PMCID: PMC8345549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules are constitutively expressed in some melanoma, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. METHODS The expression of HLA class II antigen processing machinery (APM) components was determined in melanoma samples by qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical and TCGA datasets were used for correlation of HLA class II expression to tumor grading, T-cell infiltration and patients' survival. RESULTS The heterogeneous HLA class II expression in melanoma samples allowed us to characterize four distinct phenotypes. Phenotype I totally lacks constitutive HLA class II surface expression, which is inducible by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); phenotype II expresses low basal surface HLA class II that is further upregulated by IFN-γ; phenotype III lacks constitutive and IFN-γ controlled HLA class II expression, but could be induced by epigenetic drugs; and in phenotype IV, lack of HLA class II expression is not recovered by any drug tested. High levels of HLA class II APM component expression were associated with an increased intra-tumoral CD4+ T-cell density and increased patients' survival. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous basal expression of HLA class II antigens and/or APM components in melanoma cells is caused by distinct molecular mechanisms and has clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Diana Handke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Anja Mueller
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Jürgen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Maria-Filothei Lazaridou
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.H.); (A.M.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (M.-F.L.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-345-557-4054
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Luo M, Liu X, Meng H, Xu L, Li Y, Li Z, Liu C, Luo YB, Hu B, Xue Y, Liu Y, Luo Z, Yang H. IFNA-AS1 regulates CD4 + T cell activation in myasthenia gravis though HLA-DRB1. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:121-131. [PMID: 28822831 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal CD4+T cell activation is known to play roles in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the roles of lncRNAs in regulating CD4+ T cell. In this study, we discovered that the lncRNA IFNG-AS1 is abnormally expressed in MG patients associated with quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) and the positive anti-AchR Ab levels patients. IFNG-AS1 influenced Th1/Treg cell proliferation and regulated the expression levels of their transcription factors in an experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG)model. IFNG-AS1 could reduce the expression of HLA-DRB and HLA-DOB and they had a negative correlation in MG. Furthermore IFNG-AS1 influenced the expression levels of CD40L and CD4+ T cells activation in MG patient partly depend on effecting the HLA-DRB1 expression. It suggests that IFNG-AS1 may be involved in CD4+T cell-mediated immune responses in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huanyu Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yue-Bei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurology Institute of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Torii Y, Kawada JI, Murata T, Yoshiyama H, Kimura H, Ito Y. Epstein-Barr virus infection-induced inflammasome activation in human monocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175053. [PMID: 28369146 PMCID: PMC5378412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic sensors that regulate the activity of caspase-1 and the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or interleukin-18 (IL-18) in response to foreign molecules, including viral pathogens. They are considered to be an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism by which inflammasome activation occurs during primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection remains unknown. Human B lymphocytes and epithelial cells are major targets of EBV, although it can also infect a variety of other cell types. In this study, we found that EBV could infect primary human monocytes and the monocyte cell line, THP-1, inducing inflammasome activation. We incubated cell-free EBV with THP-1 cells or primary human monocytes, then confirmed EBV infection using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Lytic and latent EBV genes were detected by real-time RT-PCR in EBV-infected monocytes. EBV infection of THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes induced caspase-dependent IL-1β production, while EBV infection of B-cell or T-cell lines did not induce IL-1β production. To identify the sensor molecule responsible for inflammasome activation during EBV infection, we examined the mRNA and the protein levels of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). Increased AIM2 levels were observed in EBV-infected THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes, whereas levels of IFI16 and NLRP3 did not show remarkable change. Furthermore, knockdown of AIM2 by small interfering RNA attenuated caspase-1 activation. Taken together, our results suggest that EBV infection of human monocytes induces caspase-1-dependent IL-1β production, and that AIM2, acting as an inflammasome, is involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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de Charette M, Marabelle A, Houot R. Turning tumour cells into antigen presenting cells: The next step to improve cancer immunotherapy? Eur J Cancer 2016; 68:134-147. [PMID: 27755997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation/loss of the antigen presentation is a major immune escape mechanism in cancer. It allows tumour cells to become 'invisible' and avoid immune attack by antitumour T cells. In tumour harbouring properties of professional antigen presenting cells (i.e. tumour B cells in lymphoma), downregulation/loss of the antigen presentation may also prevent direct priming of naïve T cells by tumour cells. Here, we review treatments that may induce/restore antigen presentation by the tumour cells. These treatments may increase the generation of antitumour T cells and/or their capacity to recognise and eliminate tumour cells. By forcing tumour cells to present their antigens, these treatments may sensitise patients to T cell-based immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Villejuif, F-94805, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033, Rennes, France; INSERM, U917, F-35043, Rennes, France.
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Hu JM, Li L, Chen YZ, Liu C, Cui X, Yin L, Yang L, Zou H, Pang L, Zhao J, Qi Y, Cao Y, Jiang J, Liang W, Li F. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 methylation changes promote the occurrence and progression of Kazakh ESCC. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1366-73. [PMID: 25437052 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.969625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen II (HLA-II) plays an important role in host immune responses to cancer cells. Changes in gene methylation may result in aberrant expression of HLA-II, serving a key role in the pathogenesis of Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed the expression level of HLA-II (HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR) by immunohistochemistry, as well as the methylation status of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 by MassARRAY spectrometry in Xinjiang Kazakh ESCC. Expression of HLA-II in ESCC was significantly higher than that in cancer adjacent normal (ACN) samples (P < 0.05). Decreased HLA-II expression was closely associated with later clinical stages of ESCC (P < 0.05). Hypomethylation of HLA-DRB1 and hypermethylation of HLA-DQB1 was significantly correlated with occurrence of Kazakh ESCC (P < 0.01), and mainly manifested as hypomethylation of CpG9, CpG10-11, and CpG16 in HLA-DRB1 and hypermethylation of CpG6-7 and CpG16-17 in HLA-DQB1 (P < 0.01). Moreover, hypomethylation of HLA-DQB1 CpG6-7 correlated with poor differentiation in ESCCs, whereas hypermethylation of HLA-DRB1 CpG16 and hypomethylation of HLA-DQB1 CpG16-17 were significantly associated with later stages of ESCC (P < 0.05). A significant inverse association between HLA-DRB1 CpG9 methylation and HLA-II expression was found in ESCC (P < 0.05). These findings suggest aberrant HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 methylation contributes to the aberrant expression of HLA-II. These molecular changes may influence the immune response to specific tumor epitopes, promoting the occurrence and progression of Kazakh ESCC.
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Key Words
- ACN, cancer adjacent normal
- CIITA, class II transactivator
- CpG, CG dinucleotides
- DNA methylation
- EC, Esophageal carcinoma
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- HLA
- HLA-II, Human leukocyte antigen II
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- Kazakh
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- Massarray
- NE, normal esophageal tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education) ; Shihezi University School of Medicine ; Shihezi , China
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Liu JH, Bian YM, Xie Y, Lu DP. Epigenetic modification and preliminary investigation of the mechanism of the immune evasion of HL-60 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1059-65. [PMID: 25815463 PMCID: PMC4438930 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of epigenetic modification of class II transactivator (CIITA) methylation on histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and the immune evasion of leukemia HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) and 0.5 μmol/l suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for 24 h and then stimulated by interferon γ (IFN-γ) for 48 h. The mRNA levels of MHC class I, II and co-stimulatory molecules were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of CIITA protein were determined by western blot analysis, and the CpG island methylation ratios in the CIITA promoter IV (CIITApIV) were analyzed by bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP). MHC I as well as the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80 were significantly increased following treatment with 5-Aza-CdR + SAHA + IFN-γ (epigenetic groups) compared with those in the control group and IFN-γ group (P<0.05). The expression of MHC class II and CIITA was restored and increased in an 5-Aza-CdR concentration-dependent manner in the three epigenetic groups. The results of the BSP assay showed that the methylation rate of CIITApIV CpG sites decreased with the treatment of epigenetic modification and negatively correlated to the 5-Aza-CdR concentration. This demonstrated that the negative expression of CIITA protein was the key reason for the loss of MHC II expression in HL-60 cells. The results of the present study may help to illustrate the mechanism of immune evasion in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong Mei Bian
- Department of Pediatrics, Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Dao Pei Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Yamamoto W, Nakamura N, Tomita N, Takeuchi K, Ishii Y, Takahashi H, Watanabe R, Takasaki H, Motomura S, Kobayashi S, Yokose T, Ishigatsubo Y, Sakai R. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on flow cytometry and tumor-associated macrophages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated by rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone therapy: retrospective cohort study. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2721-7. [PMID: 24528218 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.893311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression may be related to a poor prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may influence tumor progression. We retrospectively reviewed 36 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) therapy at Kanagawa Cancer Center in Japan from 2004 to 2010. HLA-DR expression by lymphoma cells was evaluated using flow cytometry, and TAMs in lymphoma tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry for CD68 as a marker of macrophages and CD163 as a marker of M2 TAMs. Three-year overall survival was, respectively, 100% versus 69.6% in the HLA-DR "bright" and "not bright" groups (p = 0.012). Patients from the HLA-DR "not bright" group with strong CD163 expression had a much worse prognosis than other patients. The HLA-DR status shown by flow cytometry can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with DLBCL receiving R-CHOP therapy and prognostic accuracy can be increased by also assessing TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center , Yokohama , Japan
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Toor AA, Payne KK, Chung HM, Sabo RT, Hazlett AF, Kmieciak M, Sanford K, Williams DC, Clark WB, Roberts CH, McCarty JM, Manjili MH. Epigenetic induction of adaptive immune response in multiple myeloma: sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide generate cancer testis antigen-specific cellular immunity. Br J Haematol 2012; 158:700-11. [PMID: 22816680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) remain at risk for disease progression. Induction of the expression of highly immunogenic cancer testis antigens (CTA) in malignant plasma cells in MM patients may trigger a protective immune response following SCT. We initiated a phase II clinical trial of the DNA hypomethylating agent, azacitidine (Aza) administered sequentially with lenalidomide (Rev) in patients with MM. Three cycles of Aza and Rev were administered and autologous lymphocytes were collected following the 2nd and 3rd cycles of Aza-Rev and cryopreserved. Subsequent stem cell mobilization was followed by high-dose melphalan and SCT. Autologous lymphocyte infusion (ALI) was performed in the second month following transplantation. Fourteen patients have completed the investigational therapy; autologous lymphocytes were collected from all of the patients. Thirteen patients have successfully completed SCT and 11 have undergone ALI. Six patients tested have demonstrated CTA up-regulation in either unfractionated bone marrow (n = 4) or CD138+ cells (n = 2). CTA (CTAG1B)-specific T cell response has been observed in all three patients tested and persists following SCT. Epigenetic induction of an adaptive immune response to cancer testis antigens is safe and feasible in MM patients undergoing SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Toor
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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van den Elsen PJ. Expression regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II encoding genes. Front Immunol 2011; 2:48. [PMID: 22566838 PMCID: PMC3342053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II molecules play an essential role in the immune response to pathogens by virtue of their ability to present peptides to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Given this critical role, MHC-I and MHC-II genes are regulated in a tight fashion at the transcriptional level by a variety of transcription factors that interact with conserved cis-acting regulatory promoter elements. In addition to the activities of these regulatory factors, modification of chromatin also plays an essential role in the efficient transcription of these genes to meet with local requirement for an effective immune response. The focus of this review is on the transcription factors that interact with conserved cis-acting promoter elements and the epigenetic mechanisms that modulate induced and constitutive expression of these MHC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands.
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Epigenetic Control in Immune Function. EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 2011; 711:36-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8216-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Merlo A, Turrini R, Bobisse S, Zamarchi R, Alaggio R, Dolcetti R, Mautner J, Zanovello P, Amadori A, Rosato A. Virus-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells for the treatment of EBV-related tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5895-902. [PMID: 20385879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although adoptive immunotherapy with CD8(+) CTL is providing clinically relevant results against EBV-driven malignancies, the effector role of CD4(+) T cells has been poorly investigated. We addressed this issue in a lymphoblastoid cell line-induced mouse model of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) by comparing the therapeutic efficacy of EBV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell lines upon adoptive transfer. CD4(+) T cells disclosed a long-lasting and stronger proliferative potential than CD8(+) T cells, had a similar activation and differentiation marker profile, efficiently killed their targets in a MHC class II-restricted manner, and displayed a lytic machinery comparable to that of cognate CD8(+) T cells. A detailed analysis of Ag specificity revealed that CD4(+) T cells potentially target EBV early lytic cycle proteins. Nonetheless, when assessed for the relative therapeutic impact after in vivo transfer, CD4(+) T cells showed a reduced activity compared with the CD8(+) CTL counterpart. This feature was apparently due to a strong and selective downmodulation of MHC class II expression on the tumor cells surface, a phenomenon that could be reverted by the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, thus leading to restoration of lymphoblastoid cell line recognition and killing by CD4(+) T cells, as well as to a more pronounced therapeutic activity. Conversely, immunohistochemical analysis disclosed that HLA-II expression is fully retained in human PTLD samples. Our data indicate that EBV-specific cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells are therapeutic in mice bearing PTLD-like tumors, even in the absence of CD8(+) T cells. These findings pave the way to use cultures of pure CD4(+) T cells in immunotherapeutic approaches for EBV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merlo
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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