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Johnson AA, Shokhirev MN, Lehallier B. The protein inputs of an ultra-predictive aging clock represent viable anti-aging drug targets. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101404. [PMID: 34242807 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning models capable of predicting age given a set of inputs are referred to as aging clocks. We recently developed an aging clock that utilizes 491 plasma protein inputs, has an exceptional accuracy, and is capable of measuring biological age. Here, we demonstrate that this clock is extremely predictive (r = 0.95) when used to measure age in a novel plasma proteomic dataset derived from 370 human subjects aged 18-69 years. Over-representation analyses of the proteins that make up this clock in the Gene Ontology and Reactome databases predominantly implicated innate and adaptive immune system processes. Immunological drugs and various age-related diseases were enriched in the DrugBank and GLAD4U databases. By performing an extensive literature review, we find that at least 269 (54.8 %) of these inputs regulate lifespan and/or induce changes relevant to age-related disease when manipulated in an animal model. We also show that, in a large plasma proteomic dataset, the majority (57.2 %) of measurable clock proteins significantly change their expression level with human age. Different subsets of proteins were overlapped with distinct epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aging clocks. These findings indicate that the inputs of this age predictor likely represent a rich source of anti-aging drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States
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2
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Hutami IR, Tanaka E, Izawa T. Crosstalk between Fas and S1P 1 signaling via NF-kB in osteoclasts controls bone destruction in the TMJ due to rheumatoid arthritis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 55:12-19. [PMID: 30733840 PMCID: PMC6354287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mainly affects various joints of the body, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and it involves an infiltration of autoantibodies and inflammatory leukocytes into articular tissues and the synovium. Initially, the synovial lining tissue becomes engaged with several kinds of infiltrating cells, including osteoclasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Eventually, bone degradation occurs. In order to elucidate the best therapy for RA, a comprehensive study of RA pathogenesis needs to be completed. In this article, we discuss a Fas-deficient condition which develops into RA, with an emphasis on the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor 1 signaling which induces the migration of osteoclast precursor cells. We describe that Fas/S1P1 signaling via NF-κB activation in osteoclasts is a key factor in TMJ-RA severity and we discuss a strategy for blocking nuclear translocation of the p50 NF-κB subunit as a potential therapy for attenuating osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
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Chen J, Kuroki S, Someda M, Yonehara S. Interferon-γ induces the cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine by activating the protein MLKL in the absence of caspase-8 activity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11994-12006. [PMID: 31217278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS), an anionic phospholipid enriched in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is exposed to the outer leaflet during apoptosis. PS exposure was recently shown to be induced during tumor necrosis factor-induced necroptosis. We herein demonstrated that interferon (IFN)-γ induced necroptosis in Caspase-8-knockout mouse-derived embryonic fibroblasts (C8KO MEFs), as well as in WT MEFs co-treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. PS exposure and necroptosis were significant after 6- and 24-h treatments with IFN-γ, respectively. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying IFN-γ-induced PS exposure, we generated C8KO MEF-derived cell lines without the expression of RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3), an essential molecule in tumor necrosis factor-induced necroptosis, and IFN-γ-induced PS exposure and necrotic cell death were shown to be specifically inhibited by the loss of RIPK3 expression. Furthermore, the down-regulated expression of MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein), a key molecule for inducing membrane rupture downstream of RIPK3 in necroptosis, abolished IFN-γ-induced PS exposure in C8KO MEFs. In human colorectal adenocarcinoma-derived HT29 cells, PS exposure and necroptosis were similarly induced by treatment with IFN-γ in the presence of Smac mimetics and z-VAD-fmk. The removal of IFN-γ from PS-exposing MEFs after a 6-h treatment completely inhibited necroptotic cell death but not the subsequent increase in the number of PS-exposing cells. Therefore, PS exposure mediated by RIPK3-activated MLKL oligomers was induced by a treatment with IFN-γ for a significant interval of time before the induction of necroptosis by membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Chen
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kuroki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masataka Someda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin Yonehara
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Butt D, Chan TD, Bourne K, Hermes JR, Nguyen A, Statham A, O'Reilly LA, Strasser A, Price S, Schofield P, Christ D, Basten A, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Phan TG, Rao VK, Brink R. FAS Inactivation Releases Unconventional Germinal Center B Cells that Escape Antigen Control and Drive IgE and Autoantibody Production. Immunity 2015; 42:890-902. [PMID: 25979420 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic links between genetic variation and autoantibody production in autoimmune disease remain obscure. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is caused by inactivating mutations in FAS or FASL, with autoantibodies thought to arise through failure of FAS-mediated removal of self-reactive germinal center (GC) B cells. Here we show that FAS is in fact not required for this process. Instead, FAS inactivation led to accumulation of a population of unconventional GC B cells that underwent somatic hypermutation, survived despite losing antigen reactivity, and differentiated into a large population of plasma cells that included autoantibody-secreting clones. IgE(+) plasma cell numbers, in particular, increased after FAS inactivation and a major cohort of ALPS-affected patients were found to have hyper-IgE. We propose that these previously unidentified cells, designated "rogue GC B cells," are a major driver of autoantibody production and provide a mechanistic explanation for the linked production of IgE and autoantibodies in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Butt
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tyani D Chan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Katherine Bourne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jana R Hermes
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aaron Statham
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Susan Price
- Molecular Development Section, Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schofield
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Antony Basten
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Molecular Development Section, Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Holl TM, Yang G, Kuraoka M, Verkoczy L, Alam SM, Moody MA, Haynes BF, Kelsoe G. Enhanced antibody responses to an HIV-1 membrane-proximal external region antigen in mice reconstituted with cultured lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3269-79. [PMID: 24591365 PMCID: PMC4003504 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that the protective HIV-1 Ab, 2F5, avidly reacts with a conserved mammalian self-Ag, kynureninase, and that the development of B cells specific for the 2F5 epitope is constrained by immunological tolerance. These observations suggest that the capacity to mount Ab responses to the 2F5 epitope is mitigated by tolerance, but such capacity may be latent in the pretolerance and/or anergic B cell pools. In this study, we use B cell tetramer reagents to track the frequencies of B cells that recognize the HIV-1 2F5 epitope (SP62): in C57BL/6 mice, SP62-binding transitional B cells are readily identified in bone marrow but are lost during subsequent development. Unsurprisingly then, immunization with SP62 immunogen does not elicit significant humoral responses in normal C57BL/6 mice. Reconstitution of Rag1(null) mice with normal congenic B cells that have matured in vitro restores the capacity to mount significant serum Ab and germinal center responses to this HIV-1 epitope. These B cell cultures are permissive for the development of autoreactive B cells and support the development of SP62-specific B cell compartments normally lost in 2F5 Ab knockin mice. The recovery of humoral responses to the 2F5/SP62 epitope of HIV-1 by reconstitution with B cells containing forbidden, autoreactive clones provides direct evidence that normal C57BL/6 mice latently possess the capacity to generate humoral responses to a conserved, neutralizing HIV-1 epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Matt Holl
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Masayuki Kuraoka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Laurent Verkoczy
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Xu M, Hou R, Sato-Hayashizaki A, Man R, Zhu C, Wakabayashi C, Hirose S, Adachi T, Tsubata T. Cd72(c) is a modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5436-45. [PMID: 23616572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although modifier genes are extensively studied in various diseases, little is known about modifier genes that regulate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune disease caused by the Fas(lpr) mutation depends on the genetic background of mouse strains, suggesting a crucial role of modifier genes. MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) and AKR/lpr mice develop severe and mild lupus-like autoimmune disease, respectively, whereas this mutation does not cause disease on C57BL/6 (B6) or C3H background. Both MRL and AKR carry the same haplotype of the Cd72 gene encoding an inhibitory BCR coreceptor (CD72(c)), and CD72(c) contains several amino acid substitutions and a deletion in the extracellular region compared with CD72(a) and CD72(b). To address the role of Cd72(c) locus in the regulation of Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease, we generated B6.CD72(c)/lpr and MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice. Introduction of the chromosomal interval containing Cd72(c) did not cause disease in B6 mice by itself, but caused development of lupus-like disease in the presence of Fas(lpr) on B6 background, clearly demonstrating that this interval contains the modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. Conversely, MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice showed milder disease compared with MRL/lpr mice. We further demonstrated that Cd72(c) is a hypofunctional allele in BCR signal inhibition and that CD72 deficiency induces severe autoimmune disease in the presence of Fas(lpr). These results strongly suggest that the Cd72(c) is a crucial modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease due to its reduced activity of B cell signal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miduo Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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