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Jones KM, Zhan B, Ernste KJ, Villar MJ, Bisht N, Nguyen D, Chang LY, Poveda C, Robinson GJ, Trivedi AJ, Hofferek CJ, Decker WK, Konduri V. Immunomodulatory proteins from hookworms reduce cardiac inflammation and modulate regulatory responses in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. FRONTIERS IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 2:1244604. [PMID: 38239430 PMCID: PMC10795693 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2023.1244604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Hookworms are parasitic helminths that secrete a variety of proteins that induce anti-inflammatory immune responses, stimulating increased CD4 + Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and IL-10 production. Hookworm-derived recombinant proteins AIP-1 and AIP-2 have been shown to reduce inflammation in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory airway disease by inducing CD4+Foxp3+ cells and IL-10 production. In contrast, chronic infection with the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, leads to chronic inflammation in tissues. Persistence of the parasites in tissues drives chronic low-grade inflammation, with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the heart, accompanied by increased production of inflammatory cytokines. There are no current antiparasitic drugs that effectively reduce or prevent chronic myocarditis caused by the onset of Chagas disease, thus new therapies are urgently needed. Therefore, the impact of AIP-1 and AIP-2 on myocarditis was investigated in a mouse model of chronic T. cruzi infection. Methods Female BALB/c mice infected with bioluminescent T. cruzi H1 strain trypomastigotes for 70 days were treated once daily for 7 days with 1mg/kg AIP-1 or AIP-2 protein by intraperitoneal injection. Control mice were left untreated or treated once daily for 14 days with 25mg/kg aspirin in drinking water. At 84 days of infection, splenocytes, cardiac tissue and serum were collected for evaluation. Results Treatment with both AIP-1 and AIP-2 proteins significantly reduced cardiac cellular infiltration, and reduced cardiac levels of IFNγ, IL-6 and IL-2. AIP-2 treatment reduced cardiac expression of COX-2. Further, while incubation with AIP-1 and AIP-2 proteins did not induce a significant upregulation of an immunoregulatory phenotype in dendritic cells (DC), there was a modest upregulation of CD11c +CD11b+MHCII+SIRPα+ expression, suggesting a regulatory phenotype. Ex-vivo stimulation of splenocytes from the treatment groups with AIP-1 loaded DC induced reduced levels of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory T cells, stimulation with AIP-2 loaded DC specifically induced enhanced levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells among treatment groups. Discussion All in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that hookworm-derived AIP-1 and AIP-2 proteins reduce T. cruzi induced cardiac inflammation, possibly through multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Jones
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keenan J. Ernste
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Jose Villar
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nalini Bisht
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cristina Poveda
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gonteria J. Robinson
- Molecular & Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Akshar J. Trivedi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Colby J. Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K. Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Influence of Gestational Hormones on the Bacteria-Induced Cytokine Response in Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5834608. [PMID: 34707462 PMCID: PMC8545568 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5834608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. The presence of a bacterial biofilm initiates a destructive inflammatory process orchestrated by various inflammatory mediators, most notably proinflammatory cytokines, which are upregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid, leading to the formation of periodontal pockets. This represents a well-characterized microbial change during the transition from periodontal health to periodontitis; interestingly, the gestational condition increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease. Although the influence of periodontitis on pregnancy has been extensively reviewed, the relationship between pregnancy and the development/evolution of periodontitis has been little studied compared to the effect of periodontitis on adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review is aimed at summarizing the findings on the pregnancy-proinflammatory cytokine relationship and discussing its possible involvement in the development of periodontitis. We address (1) an overview of periodontal disease, (2) the immune response and possible involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of periodontitis, (3) how bone tissue remodelling takes place with an emphasis on the involvement of the inflammatory response and metalloproteinases during periodontitis, and (4) the influence of hormonal profile during pregnancy on the development of periodontitis. Finally, we believe this review may be helpful for designing immunotherapies based on the stage of pregnancy to control the severity and pathology of periodontal disease.
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ElTanbouly MA, Zhao Y, Schaafsma E, Burns CM, Mabaera R, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. VISTA: A Target to Manage the Innate Cytokine Storm. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595950. [PMID: 33643285 PMCID: PMC7905033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the success of immunotherapy targeting immunoregulatory receptors (immune checkpoints) in cancer have generated enthusiastic support to target these receptors in a wide range of other immune related diseases. While the overwhelming focus has been on blockade of these inhibitory pathways to augment immunity, agonistic triggering via these receptors offers the promise of dampening pathogenic inflammatory responses. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) has emerged as an immunoregulatory receptor with constitutive expression on both the T cell and myeloid compartments, and whose agonistic targeting has proven a unique avenue relative to other checkpoint pathways to suppress pathologies mediated by the innate arm of the immune system. VISTA agonistic targeting profoundly changes the phenotype of human monocytes towards an anti-inflammatory cell state, as highlighted by striking suppression of the canonical markers CD14 and Fcγr3a (CD16), and the almost complete suppression of both the interferon I (IFN-I) and antigen presentation pathways. The insights from these very recent studies highlight the impact of VISTA agonistic targeting of myeloid cells, and its potential therapeutic implications in the settings of hyperinflammatory responses such as cytokine storms, driven by dysregulated immune responses to viral infections (with a focus on COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases. Collectively, these findings suggest that the VISTA pathway plays a conserved, non-redundant role in myeloid cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Rodwell Mabaera
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Randolph J. Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Silencing matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp-13) reduces inflammatory bone resorption associated with LPS-induced periodontal disease in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3161-3172. [PMID: 33140162 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific inhibition of MMP-13 on inflammation and inflammatory bone resorption in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced in mice by micro-injections of LPS into the gingival tissues adjacent to the palatal surfaces of maxillary molars twice a week for 15 days. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp-13) shRNA or a specific biochemical inhibitor were also injected into the same sites in alternating days with the LPS injections. Efficacy of shRNA-mediated silencing of Mmp-13 was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblot. Bone resorption was assessed by microcomputed tomography (uCT). Histological sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) were used in the stereometric analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate. Gingival tissues were used to evaluate expression of Mmp-13, Il-6, Tnf-α, Ptgs2, and Rankl (qPCR). Protein levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) or by MMP-13 and p38 immunoblot. RESULTS Silencing Mmp-13 expression reduced bone resorption significantly. Expression of Mmp-13, Il-6, and Tnf-α, as well as the protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, was reduced in the animals treated with adenovirus-delivered shRNA; however, these effects were not associated with modulation of p38 MAPK signaling. Interestingly, inhibition Mmp-13 did not affect the severity of inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS Site-specific inhibition of MMP-13 reduced bone resorption and production of inflammatory mediators associated with periodontal disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results suggest that site-specific inhibition of MMP-13 may be an interesting strategy to modulate inflammation and reduce bone resorption in osteolytic inflammatory diseases.
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Li XD, Zhang XR, Li ZH, Yang Y, Zhang D, Zheng H, Dong SY, Chen J, Zeng XD. Effect of Matrix Metallopeptidase 13 on the Function of Mouse Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:717-721. [PMID: 28303856 PMCID: PMC5358423 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells found in an immature state in epithelia and interstitial space, where they capture antigens such as pathogens or damaged tissue. Matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), a member of the collagenase subfamily, is involved in many different cellular processes and is expressed in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The function of MMP-13 in DCs is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of MMP-13 on DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis. Methods: Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were obtained from C57BL/6 mice. One short-interfering RNA specific for MMP-13 was used to transfect DCs. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were prepared, and apoptosis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were analyzed for surface expression of CD80 and CD86 and phagocytosis capability using flow cytometry. Results: Compared to the control DCs, MMP-13-silenced DCs increased expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes, BAG1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.08 ± 0.60 vs. 6.11 ± 0.87, P = 0.008), BCL-2 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 7.54 ± 0.76 vs. 9.54 ± 1.29, P = 0.036), and TP73 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.33 ± 0.29 vs. 5.60 ± 0.32, P = 0.001) and decreased apoptosis-related genes, CASP1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 3.79 ± 0.67 vs. 2.54 ± 0.39, P = 0.019), LTBR (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 9.23 ± 1.25 vs. 6.24 ± 1.15, P = 0.012), and CASP4 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 2.07 ± 0.56 vs. 0.35 ± 0.35, P = 0.002). Protein levels confirmed the same expression pattern. MMP-13-silenced groups decreased expression of CD86 on DCs; however, there was no statistical difference in CD80 surface expression. Furthermore, MMP-13-silenced groups exhibited weaker phagocytosis capability. Conclusion: These results indicate that MMP-13 inhibition dampens DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Xin-Rui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Xian-Dong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
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