1
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von Hofsten S, Fenton KA, Pedersen HL. Human and Murine Toll-like Receptor-Driven Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5351. [PMID: 38791389 PMCID: PMC11120885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene duplication, as seen with the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus or TLR7 agonist imiquimod, correlates with increased SLE severity, and specific TLR7 polymorphisms and gain-of-function variants are associated with enhanced SLE susceptibility and severity. In addition, the X-chromosome location of TLR7 and its escape from X-chromosome inactivation provide a genetic basis for female predominance in SLE. The absence of TLR8 and TLR9 have been shown to exacerbate the detrimental effects of TLR7, leading to upregulated TLR7 activity and increased disease severity in mouse models of SLE. The regulatory functions of TLR8 and TLR9 have been proposed to involve competition for the endosomal trafficking chaperone UNC93B1. However, recent evidence implies more direct, regulatory functions of TLR9 on TLR7 activity. The association between age-associated B cells (ABCs) and autoantibody production positions these cells as potential targets for treatment in SLE, but the lack of specific markers necessitates further research for precise therapeutic intervention. Therapeutically, targeting TLRs is a promising strategy for SLE treatment, with drugs like hydroxychloroquine already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah von Hofsten
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andreassen Fenton
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Hege Lynum Pedersen
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
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2
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Lampson BL, Ramίrez AS, Baro M, He L, Hegde M, Koduri V, Pfaff JL, Hanna RE, Kowal J, Shirole NH, He Y, Doench JG, Contessa JN, Locher KP, Kaelin WG. Positive selection CRISPR screens reveal a druggable pocket in an oligosaccharyltransferase required for inflammatory signaling to NF-κB. Cell 2024; 187:2209-2223.e16. [PMID: 38670073 PMCID: PMC11149550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays roles in various diseases. Many inflammatory signals, such as circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), activate NF-κB via specific receptors. Using whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screens of LPS-treated cells that express an NF-κB-driven suicide gene, we discovered that the LPS receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is specifically dependent on the oligosaccharyltransferase complex OST-A for N-glycosylation and cell-surface localization. The tool compound NGI-1 inhibits OST complexes in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanism remained unknown. We did a CRISPR base-editor screen for NGI-1-resistant variants of STT3A, the catalytic subunit of OST-A. These variants, in conjunction with cryoelectron microscopy studies, revealed that NGI-1 binds the catalytic site of STT3A, where it traps a molecule of the donor substrate dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc3, suggesting an uncompetitive inhibition mechanism. Our results provide a rationale for and an initial step toward the development of STT3A-specific inhibitors and illustrate the power of contemporaneous base-editor and structural studies to define drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Lampson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana S Ramίrez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mudra Hegde
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vidyasagar Koduri
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jamie L Pfaff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruth E Hanna
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nitin H Shirole
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yanfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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3
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Pascoal C, Francisco R, Mexia P, Pereira BL, Granjo P, Coelho H, Barbosa M, dos Reis Ferreira V, Videira PA. Revisiting the immunopathology of congenital disorders of glycosylation: an updated review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350101. [PMID: 38550576 PMCID: PMC10972870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in several biological processes, such as the immune response. Alterations in glycosylation can modulate the course of various pathologies, such as the case of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of more than 160 rare and complex genetic diseases. Although the link between glycosylation and immune dysfunction has already been recognized, the immune involvement in most CDG remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. In this study, we provide an update on the immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations of the 12 CDG with major immune involvement, organized into 6 categories of inborn errors of immunity according to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The immune involvement in phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG - the most frequent CDG - was comprehensively reviewed, highlighting a higher prevalence of immune issues during infancy and childhood and in R141H-bearing genotypes. Finally, using PMM2-CDG as a model, we point to links between abnormal glycosylation patterns in host cells and possibly favored interactions with microorganisms that may explain the higher susceptibility to infection. Further characterizing immunopathology and unusual host-pathogen adhesion in CDG can not only improve immunological standards of care but also pave the way for innovative preventive measures and targeted glycan-based therapies that may improve quality of life for people living with CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Pascoal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Francisco
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mexia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Luís Pereira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granjo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
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4
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Muslimov A, Tereshchenko V, Shevyrev D, Rogova A, Lepik K, Reshetnikov V, Ivanov R. The Dual Role of the Innate Immune System in the Effectiveness of mRNA Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14820. [PMID: 37834268 PMCID: PMC10573212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have revolutionized the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapeutic. The concept of nucleic acid therapy with mRNA originated in 1990 when Wolff et al. reported successful expression of proteins in target organs by direct injection of either plasmid DNA or mRNA. It took decades to bring the transfection efficiency of mRNA closer to that of DNA. The next few decades were dedicated to turning in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA from a promising delivery tool for gene therapy into a full-blown therapeutic modality, which changed the biotech market rapidly. Hundreds of clinical trials are currently underway using mRNA for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases and cancers, in regenerative medicine, and genome editing. The potential of IVT mRNA to induce an innate immune response favors its use for vaccination and immunotherapy. Nonetheless, in non-immunotherapy applications, the intrinsic immunostimulatory activity of mRNA directly hinders the desired therapeutic effect since it can seriously impair the target protein expression. Targeting the same innate immune factors can increase the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics for some indications and decrease it for others, and vice versa. The review aims to present the innate immunity-related 'barriers' or 'springboards' that may affect the development of immunotherapies and non-immunotherapy applications of mRNA medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Muslimov
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (V.T.); (D.S.); (V.R.); (R.I.)
- Laboratory of Nano- and Microencapsulation of Biologically Active Substances, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, L’va Tolstogo 6-8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (V.T.); (D.S.); (V.R.); (R.I.)
| | - Daniil Shevyrev
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (V.T.); (D.S.); (V.R.); (R.I.)
| | - Anna Rogova
- Laboratory of Nano- and Microencapsulation of Biologically Active Substances, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Saint-Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, Professora Popova 14, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Lepik
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, L’va Tolstogo 6-8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vasiliy Reshetnikov
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (V.T.); (D.S.); (V.R.); (R.I.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (V.T.); (D.S.); (V.R.); (R.I.)
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5
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Liu X, Sato N, Yabushita T, Li J, Jia Y, Tamura M, Asada S, Fujino T, Fukushima T, Yonezawa T, Tanaka Y, Fukuyama T, Tsuchiya A, Shikata S, Iwamura H, Kinouchi C, Komatsu K, Yamasaki S, Shibata T, Sasaki AT, Schibler J, Wunderlich M, O'Brien E, Mizukawa B, Mulloy JC, Sugiura Y, Takizawa H, Shibata T, Miyake K, Kitamura T, Goyama S. IMPDH inhibition activates TLR-VCAM1 pathway and suppresses the development of MLL-fusion leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e15631. [PMID: 36453131 PMCID: PMC9832838 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis pathway. Although IMPDH inhibitors are widely used as effective immunosuppressants, their antitumor effects have not been proven in the clinical setting. Here, we found that acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with MLL-fusions are susceptible to IMPDH inhibitors in vitro. We also showed that alternate-day administration of IMPDH inhibitors suppressed the development of MLL-AF9-driven AML in vivo without having a devastating effect on immune function. Mechanistically, IMPDH inhibition induced overactivation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-TRAF6-NF-κB signaling and upregulation of an adhesion molecule VCAM1, which contribute to the antileukemia effect of IMPDH inhibitors. Consequently, combined treatment with IMPDH inhibitors and the TLR1/2 agonist effectively inhibited the development of MLL-fusion AML. These findings provide a rational basis for clinical testing of IMPDH inhibitors against MLL-fusion AMLs and potentially other aggressive tumors with active TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naru Sato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Jingmei Li
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Moe Tamura
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Taishi Yonezawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akiho Tsuchiya
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shiori Shikata
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamura
- FUJIFILM Corporation: Pharmaceutical Products DivisionTokyoJapan
| | - Chieko Kinouchi
- FUJIFILM Corporation: Bio Science & Engineering LaboratoriesKanagawaJapan
| | - Kensuke Komatsu
- FUJIFILM Corporation: Bio Science & Engineering LaboratoriesKanagawaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Janet Schibler
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Benjamin Mizukawa
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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6
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Song HS, Park S, Huh JW, Lee YR, Jung DJ, Yang C, Kim SH, Kim HM, Kim YM. N-glycosylation of UNC93B1 at a Specific Asparagine Residue Is Required for TLR9 Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875083. [PMID: 35874766 PMCID: PMC9301129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in the first line of host defense against pathogens through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiation of the innate immune responses. The proper localization of TLRs in specific subcellular compartments is crucial for their ligand recognition and downstream signaling to ensure appropriate responses against pathogens while avoiding erroneous or excessive activation. Several TLRs, including TLR7 and TLR9 but not TLR4, depend on UNC93B1 for their proper intracellular localization and signaling. Accumulating evidence suggest that UNC93B1 differentially regulates its various client TLRs, but the specific mechanisms by which UNC93B1 controls individual TLRs are not well understood. Protein N-glycosylation is one of the most frequent and important post-translational modification that occurs in membrane-localized or secreted proteins. UNC93B1 was previously shown to be glycosylated at Asn251 and Asn272 residues. In this study, we investigated whether N-glycosylation of UNC93B1 affects its function by comparing wild type and glycosylation-defective mutant UNC93B1 proteins. It was found that glycosylation of Asn251 and Asn272 residues can occur independently of each other and mutation of neither N251Q or N272Q in UNC93B1 altered expression and localization of UNC93B1 and TLR9. In contrast, CpG DNA-stimulated TLR9 signaling was severely inhibited in cells expressing UNC93B1(N272Q), but not in cells with UNC93B1(N251Q). Further, it was found that glycosylation at Asn272 of UNC93B1 is essential for the recruitment of MyD88 to TLR9 and the subsequent downstream signaling. On the other hand, the defective glycosylation at Asn272 did not affect TLR7 signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the glycosylation at a specific asparagine residue of UNC93B1 is required for TLR9 signaling and the glycosylation status of UNC93B1 differently affects activation of TLR7 and TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sup Song
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soeun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Huh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Da-Jung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chorong Yang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: You-Me Kim,
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7
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Dong MB, Tang K, Zhou X, Zhou JJ, Chen S. Tumor immunology CRISPR screening: present, past, and future. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:210-225. [PMID: 34920978 PMCID: PMC8854335 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have fundamentally changed the landscape of cancer treatment by leveraging the specificity and selectivity of the adaptive immune system to kill cancer cells. These successes have ushered in a new wave of research aimed at understanding immune recognition with the hope of developing newer immunotherapies. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies and advancement of multiomics modalities have greatly accelerated the discovery process. Here, we review the current literature surrounding CRISPR screens within the context of tumor immunology, provide essential components needed to conduct immune-specific CRISPR screens, and present avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Tang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jingjia J. Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Chen CY, Hung YF, Tsai CY, Shih YC, Chou TF, Lai MZ, Wang TF, Hsueh YP. Transcriptomic Analysis and C-Terminal Epitope Tagging Reveal Differential Processing and Signaling of Endogenous TLR3 and TLR7. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686060. [PMID: 34211474 PMCID: PMC8240634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is critical for defense against pathogenic infection, as well as for modulating tissue development. Activation of different TLRs triggers common inflammatory responses such as cytokine induction. Here, we reveal differential impacts of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on transcriptomic profiles in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Apart from self-regulation, TLR3, but not TLR7, induced expression of other TLRs, suggesting that TLR3 activation globally enhances innate immunity. Moreover, we observed diverse influences of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on genes involved in methylation, caspase and autophagy pathways. We compared endogenous TLR3 and TLR7 by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock in a dual Myc-HA tag at the 3’ ends of mouse Tlr3 and Tlr7. Using anti-HA antibodies to detect endogenous tagged TLR3 and TLR7, we found that both TLRs display differential tissue expression and posttranslational modifications. C-terminal tagging did not impair TLR3 activity. However, it disrupted the interaction between TLR7 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), the Tir domain-containing adaptor of TLR7, which blocked its downstream signaling necessary to trigger cytokine and chemokine expression. Our study demonstrates different properties for TLR3 and TLR7, and also provides useful mouse models for further investigation of these two RNA-sensing TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fen Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bourgeois JS, Smith CM, Ko DC. These Are the Genes You're Looking For: Finding Host Resistance Genes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:346-362. [PMID: 33004258 PMCID: PMC7969353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Humanity's ongoing struggle with new, re-emerging and endemic infectious diseases serves as a frequent reminder of the need to understand host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances in genomics have dramatically advanced our understanding of how genetics contributes to host resistance or susceptibility to bacterial infection. Here we discuss current trends in defining host-bacterial interactions at the genome-wide level, including screens that harness CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, natural genetic variation, proteomics, and transcriptomics. We report on the merits, limitations, and findings of these innovative screens and discuss their complementary nature. Finally, we speculate on future innovation as we continue to progress through the postgenomic era and towards deeper mechanistic insight and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clare M Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Thompson JJ, Kaur R, Sosa CP, Lee JH, Kashiwagi K, Zhou D, Robertson KD. ZBTB24 is a transcriptional regulator that coordinates with DNMT3B to control DNA methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:10034-10051. [PMID: 30085123 PMCID: PMC6212772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between transcription factors and epigenetic writers like the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and the role of this interplay in gene expression, is being increasingly appreciated. ZBTB24, a poorly characterized zinc-finger protein, or the de novo methyltransferase DNMT3B, when mutated, cause Immunodeficiency, Centromere Instability, and Facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, suggesting an underlying mechanistic link. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with loss-of-function approaches in model systems revealed common loci bound by ZBTB24 and DNMT3B, where they function to regulate gene body methylation. Genes coordinately regulated by ZBTB24 and DNMT3B are enriched for molecular mechanisms essential for cellular homeostasis, highlighting the importance of the ZBTB24-DNMT3B interplay in maintaining epigenetic patterns required for normal cellular function. We identify a ZBTB24 DNA binding motif, which is contained within the promoters of most of its transcriptional targets, including CDCA7, AXIN2, and OSTC. Direct binding of ZBTB24 at the promoters of these genes targets them for transcriptional activation. ZBTB24 binding at the promoters of RNF169 and CAMKMT, however, targets them for transcriptional repression. The involvement of ZBTB24 targets in diverse cellular programs, including the VDR/RXR and interferon regulatory pathways, suggest that ZBTB24's role as a transcriptional regulator is not restricted to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Stabile 12-58, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Stabile 12-58, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos P Sosa
- Clinical Genome Sequencing Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Stabile12-58, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Epigenomics Translational Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Katsunobu Kashiwagi
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Stabile 12-58, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Epigenomics Translational Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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