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Campana R, Moroni S, Paolucci D, Federici M, Casettari L, Frangipani E. Efficacy of UV and UV-LEDs Irradiation Models for Microbial Inactivation Applicable to Automated Sterile Drug Compounding. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2389-2392. [PMID: 37453527 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
LEDs development has attracted attention over conventional mercury lamps for the tiny size, high efficiency, long lifetime, low operating temperature. The antimicrobial effectiveness of traditional UV-lamps radiation (wavelength of 254 nm) compared to UV-C LEDs (LED1 wavelength range 275-286 nm and LED2 range 260-270 nm) was carried out, for possible applications to automated sterile drug compounding. The UV lamp and the tested UV-LED devices remarkably reduced microbial load, following a time-dose response, but the best performance was evidenced by LED1, which guaranteed the complete inactivation of high concentrations of bacteria, yeasts, and spores at doses between 200 and 2000 J/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy.
| | - Sofia Moroni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
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Vo N, Desmaris R, Brandely-Piat ML, Vasseur M, Rieutord A, Aboudagga H. [Robotic production of injectable anticancer drugs in hospital pharmacies]. Bull Cancer 2023:S0007-4551(23)00152-2. [PMID: 37105854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the 2005 decree on securing the medicine supply chain, the production of "chemotherapies", anticancer drugs (cytotoxic, cytostatic, immunotherapy), was centralised within hospital pharmacies. To cope with increasingly growing activities, pharmacies are moving towards robotisation. This work offers feedback from four French sites pioneers in robotic production. MATERIAL AND METHOD A review of the literature was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar scientific databases and GERPAC publications relating to the robotic production of chemotherapy preparations. This review allowed to select 25 articles. RESULTS The robotisation of the production of "chemotherapies" requires infrastructural prerequisites, a reengineering of the manufacturing process and the patient journey. This impacts all the parties involved in this complex process. The "cobotisation" concept or collaborative robotics must be anticipated by the teams. Robotisation is an institutional decision, which must be owned by the pharmaceutical team and endorsed by the medical team and management. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION For reasons of optimisation, safeguarding and management of human resources, a large number of centres get equipped with robotic systems. Robotic preparation should extend to other non-hazardous preparation, as it is already the case in other countries. This strategic view should be carried out today to anticipate problems, ensure safety and improve the healthcare quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Vo
- Gustave-Roussy, Département de pharmacie clinique, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Romain Desmaris
- Institut Curie, département de pharmacie clinique, 8, rue Thuillier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Brandely-Piat
- Service pharmacie, groupe hospitalier Paris centre, Site Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Vasseur
- Pharmacie centrale, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, rue Philippe-Marache, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - André Rieutord
- Gustave-Roussy, Département de pharmacie clinique, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Hail Aboudagga
- Gustave-Roussy, Département de pharmacie clinique, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Scimone A, Redfern J, Patiphatpanya P, Thongtem T, Ratova M, Kelly P, Verran J. Development of a rapid method for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial photocatalytic coatings. Talanta 2021; 225:122009. [PMID: 33592748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light activated photocatalytic coatings may represent an attractive antimicrobial solution in domains such as food, beverage, pharmaceutical, biomedical and wastewater remediation. However, testing methods to determine the antibacterial effects of photocatalytic coatings are limited and require specialist expertise. This paper describes the development of a method that enables rapid screening of coatings for photocatalytic-antibacterial activity. Relying on the ability of viable microorganisms to reduce the dye resazurin from a blue to a pink colour, the method relates the time taken to detect this colour change with number of viable microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of two photocatalytic materials (bismuth oxide and titanium dioxide) were screened against two pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) that represent potential target microorganisms using traditional testing and enumeration techniques (BS ISO 27447:2009) and the novel rapid method. Bismuth oxide showed excellent antibacterial activity under ambient visible light against E. coli, but was less effective against K. pneumoniae. The rapid method showed excellent agreement with existing tests in terms of number of viable cells recovered. Due to advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and less reliance on microbiological expertise, this method is recommended for researchers seeking an inexpensive first-stage screen for putative photocatalytic-antibacterial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Scimone
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - James Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Panudda Patiphatpanya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titipun Thongtem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Marina Ratova
- Surface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- Surface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Sabatini L, Paolucci D, Marinelli F, Pianetti A, Sbaffo M, Bufarini C, Sisti M. Microbiological validation of a robot for the sterile compounding of injectable non-hazardous medications in a hospital environment. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2020; 27:e63-e68. [PMID: 32296508 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To design and execute a comprehensive microbiological validation protocol to assess a brand-new sterile compounding robot in a hospital pharmacy environment, according to ISO and EU GMP standards. Methods Qualification of the Class-A inner environment of the robot was performed through microbial air and surface quality assessment utilising contact plates, swabs and particulate matter monitoring. To evaluate the effectiveness of the microbial decontamination process (UV rays) challenge test against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis spores and Candida albicans was used. The challenge Media Fill test was used to validate the aseptic processing. Results After 3 hours, no microorganisms retained viability. Monitoring inside the equipment evidenced complete absence of microorganisms. The Media Fill test was always negative. Conclusions According to our results, the APOTECAunit meets the requirements for advanced aseptic processing in the hospital pharmacies and the pharmaceutical industry in general, providing advantages in terms of safety for patients compared with conventional procedures of parenteral preparation production. The protocol has demonstrated to be a comprehensive and valuable tool in validating, from a microbial point of view, a sterile-compounding technology. This study might represent an important benchmark in developing a contamination control strategy, as required, for example, in the Performance Qualification of the GMP in the case of drug manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Sabatini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Demis Paolucci
- Loccioni Humancare, Moie di Maiolati Spontini, Spontini, Italy
| | - Francesco Marinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Pianetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Monica Sbaffo
- AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Clinical Pharmacy, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Wood JP, Adrion AC. Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4045-4062. [PMID: 30901213 PMCID: PMC6547374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis spores through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001, research and development related to decontamination for this biological agent have increased substantially. This review synthesizes the advances made relative to B. anthracis spore decontamination science and technology since approximately 2002, referencing the open scientific literature and publicly available, well-documented scientific reports. In the process of conducting this review, scientific knowledge gaps have also been identified. This review focuses primarily on techniques that are commercially available and that could potentially be used in the large-scale decontamination of buildings and other structures, as well as outdoor environments. Since 2002, the body of scientific data related to decontamination and microbial sterilization has grown substantially, especially in terms of quantifying decontamination efficacy as a function of several factors. Specifically, progress has been made in understanding how decontaminant chemistry, the materials the microorganisms are associated with, environmental factors, and microbiological methods quantitatively impact spore inactivation. While advancement has been made in the past 15 years to further the state of the science in the inactivation of bacterial spores in a decontamination scenario, further research is warranted to close the scientific gaps that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Wood
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Offce of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (919) 541-5029;
| | - Alden Charles Adrion
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Offce of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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Geersing TH, Franssen EJF, Pilesi F, Crul M. Microbiological performance of a robotic system for aseptic compounding of cytostatic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:181-185. [PMID: 30710619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounding of cytostatic drugs requires strict aseptic procedures, while exposure to toxic drugs and repetitive manual movements should be minimized. Furthermore, reuse of vials is desirable to lower the costs. To assess if all this might be safely achieved with a robot, this study aimed at qualifying the aseptic preparation process with the robotic system APOTECAchemo. METHODS The aseptic compounding of patient-individual cytostatic solutions was simulated with media fill simulation tests to qualify the performance according to European GMP Annex 1. The contamination in the environment was measured in critical places using settle plates, contact plates, active air sampling and particle counting. Media-fill simulation tests were prepared in 3 production batches. The second part of the study evaluated the microbiological shelf-life of commercial drug vials after repeated puncturing. On six days, fifty syringes of 15 ml media were prepared from the same 50 vials with the robot. After each preparation, vials were covered with an IVA seal upon unloading from the robot to protect them from microbiological contamination. RESULTS No microbiological contamination was found in any of the 96 media fill preparations, nor in any of the 300 syringes that were prepared with repeated puncturing. The compounding area met class A limits, while class A criteria were not fulfilled by the contact plates and settle plates placed on the right side of the loading area. There, the average colony forming units (cfu) were 3 and 1.17, respectively, meeting class B criteria. CONCLUSIONS Robotical compounding of cytostatic drugs with APOTECAchemo meets the microbiological requirements of the European GMP. In addition, the robot can reuse vials repeatedly and safely, thereby enabling extended usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Geersing
- OLVG, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E J F Franssen
- OLVG, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Pilesi
- Loccioni, Moie di Maiolati (Ancona), Italy
| | - M Crul
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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