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Collalto D, Fortuna A, Visca P, Imperi F, Rampioni G, Leoni L. Synergistic Activity of Colistin in Combination with Clofoctol against Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0427522. [PMID: 36802038 PMCID: PMC10100712 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04275-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a bactericidal antibiotic identified decades ago which is active against a number of Gram-negative pathogens. After early elimination from clinical use due to toxicity issues, colistin has been reintroduced as a last-resort treatment for antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative infections lacking other therapeutic options. Inevitably, colistin resistance has emerged among clinical isolates, making the development of colistin adjuvants extremely beneficial. Clofoctol is a synthetic antibiotic active against Gram-positive bacteria, with low toxicity and high tropism for the airways. Interestingly, clofoctol has been found to have multiple biological activities and has been proposed for the treatment of several obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, lung cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, the activity of clofoctol as a colistin adjuvant was investigated in Gram-negative lung pathogens that are critical for the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Clofoctol potentiated the bactericidal effect of colistin in all tested strains and reduced colistin MICs below the susceptibility breakpoint in nearly all colistin-resistant strains. Overall, this observation supports the development of inhaled clofoctol-colistin formulations for the treatment of difficult-to-treat airway infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. IMPORTANCE Colistin is used as a last-resort antibiotic against extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. However, colistin resistance is on the rise. Clofoctol is an antibiotic used against Gram-positive bacteria, with low toxicity and high penetration and storage in the airways. Here, a strong synergistic activity of the colistin-clofoctol combination against colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is reported, supporting the development of clofoctol-colistin formulations for the therapy of difficult-to-treat airways infections caused by these Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Belouzard S, Machelart A, Sencio V, Vausselin T, Hoffmann E, Deboosere N, Rouillé Y, Desmarets L, Séron K, Danneels A, Robil C, Belloy L, Moreau C, Piveteau C, Biela A, Vandeputte A, Heumel S, Deruyter L, Dumont J, Leroux F, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Hober D, Brodin P, Beghyn T, Trottein F, Deprez B, Dubuisson J. Clofoctol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and reduces lung pathology in mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010498. [PMID: 35587469 PMCID: PMC9119441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing has the advantage of shortening regulatory preclinical development steps. Here, we screened a library of drug compounds, already registered in one or several geographical areas, to identify those exhibiting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with relevant potency. Of the 1,942 compounds tested, 21 exhibited a substantial antiviral activity in Vero-81 cells. Among them, clofoctol, an antibacterial drug used for the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections, was further investigated due to its favorable safety profile and pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, the peak concentration of clofoctol that can be achieved in human lungs is more than 20 times higher than its IC50 measured against SARS-CoV-2 in human pulmonary cells. This compound inhibits SARS-CoV-2 at a post-entry step. Lastly, therapeutic treatment of human ACE2 receptor transgenic mice decreased viral load, reduced inflammatory gene expression and lowered pulmonary pathology. Altogether, these data strongly support clofoctol as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2 are sorely needed. In this study, we screened a library of approximately 2000 drug compounds that have been used or are still used in the clinics. Among them, we identified clofoctol as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2. This molecule is an antibacterial drug used for the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections and it was further investigated due to its safety profile and its properties to accumulate in the lungs. We further demonstrated that, in vivo, this compound reduces inflammatory gene expression and lowers pulmonary pathology. The antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of clofoctol, associated with its safety profile and unique pharmacokinetic properties make a strong case for proposing clofoctol as an affordable therapeutic candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Belouzard
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thibaut Vausselin
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- APTEEUS, Campus Pasteur Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Deboosere
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lowiese Desmarets
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karin Séron
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Danneels
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Loic Belloy
- APTEEUS, Campus Pasteur Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Biela
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, Lille, France
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
| | | | - François Trottein
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateformes lilloises en biologie et santé, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (JD)
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (JD)
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A new horizon for the old antibacterial drug clofoctol. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1302-1310. [PMID: 33581321 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic antibacterial drug clofoctol (CFT) has long been used to treat respiratory tract infections in Europe. In recent years, the drug was found to target two biologically important proteins, the Cdc7/Dbf4 protein kinase complex and the mRNA-binding protein cold shock domain containing E1 (CSDE1), also known as upstream-of-N-Ras protein (UNR). These interactions are at the origin of the antitumor activity of CFT, recently evidenced in prostate cancer and neuroglioma. Drug-protein binding models provide a structural basis to guide the design of more potent anticancer compounds. A renewed interest in CFT can be anticipated for the treatment of cancers, and possibly Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).
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Pharmacologic Activation of Lytic Epstein-Barr Virus Gene Expression without Virion Production. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00998-19. [PMID: 31341058 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00998-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic strategies targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors involve upregulation of viral lytic gene expression. Evidence has been presented that the unfolded protein response (UPR) leads to EBV lytic gene expression. Clofoctol, an antibacterial antibiotic, has been reported to upregulate the UPR in prostate cancer cell lines and to slow their growth. We investigated the effects of clofoctol on an EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cell line and confirmed the upregulation of all three branches of the UPR and activation of EBV lytic gene expression. While immediate early, early, and late EBV RNAs were all upregulated, immediate early and early viral proteins but not late viral proteins were expressed. Furthermore, infectious virions were not produced. The use of clofoctol in combination with a protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor led to expression of late viral proteins. The effects of clofoctol on EBV lytic protein upregulation were not limited to lymphoid tumor cell lines but also occurred in naturally infected epithelial gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines. An agent that upregulates lytic viral protein expression but that does not lead to the production of infectious virions may have particular value for lytic induction strategies in the clinical setting.IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus is associated with many different cancers. In these cancers the viral genome is predominantly latent; i.e., most viral genes are not expressed, most viral proteins are not synthesized, and new virions are not produced. Some strategies for treating these cancers involve activation of lytic viral gene expression. We identify an antibacterial antibiotic, clofoctol, that is an activator of EBV lytic RNA and protein expression but that does not lead to virion production.
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Hu Y, Zhang M, Tian N, Li D, Wu F, Hu P, Wang Z, Wang L, Hao W, Kang J, Yin B, Zheng Z, Jiang T, Yuan J, Qiang B, Han W, Peng X. The antibiotic clofoctol suppresses glioma stem cell proliferation by activating KLF13. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3072-3085. [PMID: 31112526 DOI: 10.1172/jci124979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for approximately 80% of primary malignant tumors in the central nervous system. Despite aggressive therapy, the prognosis of patients remains extremely poor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) which considered as the potential target of therapy for their crucial role in therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence, are believed to be key factors for the disappointing outcome. Here, we took advantage of GSCs as the cell model to perform high-throughput drug screening and the old antibiotic, clofoctol, was identified as the most effective compound, showing reduction of colony-formation and induction of apoptosis of GSCs. Moreover, growth of tumors was inhibited obviously in vivo after clofoctol treatment especially in primary patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and transgenic xenografts. The anticancer mechanisms demonstrated by analyzing related downstream genes and discovering the targeted binding protein revealed that clofoctol exhibited the inhibition of GSCs by upregulation of Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), a tumor suppressor gene, through clofoctol's targeted binding protein, Upstream of N-ras (UNR). Collectively, these data demonstrated that induction of KLF13 expression suppressed growth of gliomas and provided a potential therapy for gliomas targeting GSCs. Importantly, our results also identified the RNA-binding protein UNR as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meilian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peishan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hao
- National Experimental Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Kang
- National Experimental Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Centralab Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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Scaglione F, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Pani A. Comparative Emergence of Resistance to Clofoctol, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin against Community-Acquired Bacterial Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Italy. Chemotherapy 2019; 63:330-337. [DOI: 10.1159/000496931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing bacterial resistance and poor availability of new antibiotics, physicians need to use old, still active antibiotics more frequently. In this study, we focused on clofoctol and aimed to verify the emergence of clofoctol resistance over time. Additionally, the ability of clofoctol to induce resistance under static and dynamic conditions was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values measured in pathogens isolated from 1990 to 1995 were compared to those isolated from 2017 to 2018. The behaviour of clofoctol is similar to that of amoxicillin, while erythromycin shows a different behaviour with an increase in MIC. A rapid decline in CFUs with complete eradication at 96 and 120 h in the case of clofoctol and amoxicillin, respectively, was observed in a dynamic in vitro model of a pharmacokinetic simulation. Erythromycin provides a reduction in CFUs of approximately one order of magnitude for up to 72 h, and then re-growth is observed. The MIC trend was observed during 5 days of kinetic simulation. The clofoctol MICs remain almost stable up to 96 h, after which the colonies are no longer detectable. The MICs of amoxicillin show a 2-fold increase starting from 36 h; however, at 120 h the colonies are no longer detectable. The MICs of erythromycin show a progressive increase starting from 72 h and reaching 32-fold. Clofoctol maintains its activity towards the common pathogens of respiratory tract infections and, similarly to amoxicillin, does not induce resistance in a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, resulting in complete eradication, while erythromycin was able to select resistant mutants.
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D'Angelo F, Baldelli V, Halliday N, Pantalone P, Polticelli F, Fiscarelli E, Williams P, Visca P, Leoni L, Rampioni G. Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs as Antivirulence Agents Targeting the pqs Quorum-Sensing System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01296-18. [PMID: 30201815 PMCID: PMC6201120 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01296-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. A promising strategy to combat bacterial infections aims at hampering their adaptability to the host environment without affecting growth. In this context, the intercellular communication system quorum sensing (QS), which controls virulence factor production and biofilm formation in diverse human pathogens, is considered an ideal target. Here, we describe the identification of new inhibitors of the pqs QS system of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by screening a library of 1,600 U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Phenotypic characterization of ad hoc engineered strains and in silico molecular docking demonstrated that the antifungal drugs clotrimazole and miconazole, as well as an antibacterial compound active against Gram-positive pathogens, clofoctol, inhibit the pqs system, probably by targeting the transcriptional regulator PqsR. The most active inhibitor, clofoctol, specifically inhibited the expression of pqs-controlled virulence traits in P. aeruginosa, such as pyocyanin production, swarming motility, biofilm formation, and expression of genes involved in siderophore production. Moreover, clofoctol protected Galleria mellonella larvae from P. aeruginosa infection and inhibited the pqs QS system in P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Notably, clofoctol is already approved for clinical treatment of pulmonary infections caused by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens; hence, this drug has considerable clinical potential as an antivirulence agent for the treatment of P. aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nigel Halliday
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Pantalone
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Fiscarelli
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, Bambino Gesú Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Wang M, Shim JS, Li RJ, Dang Y, He Q, Das M, Liu JO. Identification of an old antibiotic clofoctol as a novel activator of unfolded protein response pathways and an inhibitor of prostate cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4478-89. [PMID: 24903412 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Finding new indications for existing drugs, also known as drug repositioning or repurposing, is a powerful approach to accelerate drug discovery and development. The unfolded protein response pathways have been proposed to be a viable target for developing new anticancer drugs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We screened the Johns Hopkins Drug Library for inhibitors of prostate cancer cell proliferation to identify new antiprostate cancer treatments among known drugs. We systematically investigated the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of a hit and assessed its efficacy in blocking prostate tumour growth in a mouse model. KEY RESULTS The antibacterial drug clofoctol was identified as a novel inhibitor of prostate cancer cell proliferation. Morphologically, cells treated with clofoctol were found to undergo massive vacuolization, reminiscent of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Indeed, all three unfolded protein response pathways including inositol requiring enzyme 1, double-stranded RNA-activated PK-like ER kinase and activating transcription factor 6 were found to be activated by clofoctol. Activation of unfolded protein response pathways by clofoctol led to the inhibition of protein translation in cells and the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells. Clofoctol also inhibited prostate cancer xenograft growth in vivo without apparent toxicity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings revealed clofoctol as a novel activator of the unfolded protein response pathways and a promising inhibitor of prostate cancer. As clofoctol has been used in the clinic for years, it is ready for clinical evaluation as a novel antiprostate cancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Scaglione F, Dugnani S, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Paraboni L. In vitroandin vivopharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic activity of clofoctol. J Chemother 2013; 24:201-6. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947812y.0000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD. Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part II. Clinical applications of peripherally acting drugs, and conclusions. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 21:110-28. [PMID: 1884566 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-199121020-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Part I of this article, which appeared in the previous issue of the Journal, covered general considerations, the physiology of the rectum, spreading of drugs into the colon, rectal absorption, partial avoidance of first-pass elimination, rate-controlled rectal delivery of drugs, irritation of the rectal mucosa and clinical applications of rectal administration, and discussed centrally acting drugs. In Part II, this discussion is extended to drugs which act peripherally and to methods of enhancing rectal drug absorption. The overall summary appeared in Part I.
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