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Decroo T, Mesic A, Decuyper I. Longevity of modified standard short treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00294-9. [PMID: 38880113 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Decroo
- Unit of HIV & TB, Clinical Science Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Anita Mesic
- Unit of HIV & TB, Clinical Science Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Public Health Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ine Decuyper
- Unit of HIV & TB, Clinical Science Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Dookie N, Ngema SL, Perumal R, Naicker N, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K. The Changing Paradigm of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: Successes, Pitfalls, and Future Perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0018019. [PMID: 36200885 PMCID: PMC9769521 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00180-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global crisis due to the increasing incidence of drug-resistant forms of the disease, gaps in detection and prevention, models of care, and limited treatment options. The DR-TB treatment landscape has evolved over the last 10 years. Recent developments include the remarkable activity demonstrated by the newly approved anti-TB drugs bedaquiline and pretomanid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hence, treatment of DR-TB has drastically evolved with the introduction of the short-course regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), transitioning to injection-free regimens and the approval of the 6-month short regimens for rifampin-resistant TB and MDR-TB. Moreover, numerous clinical trials are under way with the aim to reduce pill burden and shorten the DR-TB treatment duration. While there have been apparent successes in the field, some challenges remain. These include the ongoing inclusion of high-dose isoniazid in DR-TB regimens despite a lack of evidence for its efficacy and the inclusion of ethambutol and pyrazinamide in the standard short regimen despite known high levels of background resistance to both drugs. Furthermore, antimicrobial heteroresistance, extensive cavitary disease and intracavitary gradients, the emergence of bedaquiline resistance, and the lack of biomarkers to monitor DR-TB treatment response remain serious challenges to the sustained successes. In this review, we outline the impact of the new drugs and regimens on patient treatment outcomes, explore evidence underpinning current practices on regimen selection and duration, reflect on the disappointments and pitfalls in the field, and highlight key areas that require continued efforts toward improving treatment approaches and rapid biomarkers for monitoring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navisha Dookie
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Senamile L. Ngema
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rubeshan Perumal
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikita Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
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Jouego CG, Gils T, Piubello A, Mbassa V, Kuate A, Ngono A, Belinga E, Etoundi A, Tollo A, Makondi D, André E, Masumbe P, Lynen L, Noeske J, Decroo T. Programmatic management of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis with standard regimen in Cameroon: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:81-88. [PMID: 36108960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe treatment outcomes for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (Rr-TB) started on standard regimen and the frequency of acquired drug resistance in patients treated using the standard treatment regimen (STR) in Cameroon between 2015-2019. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. Rr-TB patients were initiated on the STR, including a fluoroquinolone (FQ), a second-line injectable drug (SLI), and companion drugs. In case of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQr) at baseline, FQ, SLI and ethionamide were replaced by bedaquiline, delamanid, and linezolid in a modified treatment regimen (mTR), FQr-mTR. In case of resistance to SLI (SLIr) at baseline, SLI was replaced by linezolid (LZD), SLIr-mTR. Logistic regression and competing risk regression were used to estimate predictors of early (first eight weeks) mortality and overall mortality, respectively. RESULTS Of 709 patients started on a standard regimen, treatment success occurred in 84.7% (587/693), 72.7% (8/11) and 100% (10/10) of patients treated with STR, FQr-mTR and SLIr-mTR as final regimens, respectively. Three (0.6%) patients acquired FQr during treatment. Early mortality occurred in 4.1% (29/709) and was associated with being HIV positive, male sex and being underweight. Overall mortality was associated with missing drug-susceptibility testing results at baseline, being HIV positive, age>40 and male sex. CONCLUSION Programmatic management of Rr-TB, with additional second-line drug resistance treated with mTR, resulted in excellent treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Géneviève Jouego
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of HIV and Tuberculosis, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; University of Yaoundé 1, Biotechnology centre, Molecular Diagnostic and Research Group, 11864 Yaoundé, Cameroon; Catholic University of Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, UZ Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tinne Gils
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of HIV and Tuberculosis, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Alberto Piubello
- Damien Foundation, Boulevard Leopold II 263, 1081 Koekelberg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Mbassa
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun
| | - Albert Kuate
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun
| | - Annie Ngono
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun.
| | - Edwige Belinga
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun.
| | - Antoine Etoundi
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun.
| | - Alphonse Tollo
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun.
| | - Danielle Makondi
- Cameroon National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Mballa 2, BP 15 656 Yaoundé-Cameroun.
| | - Emmanuel André
- Catholic University of Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, UZ Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Palmer Masumbe
- University of Yaoundé 1, Biotechnology centre, Molecular Diagnostic and Research Group, 11864 Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of HIV and Tuberculosis, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Tom Decroo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of HIV and Tuberculosis, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Nair P, Hasan T, Zaw KK, Allamuratova S, Ismailov A, Mendonca P, Bekbaev Z, Parpieva N, Singh J, Sitali N, Bermudez-Aza E, Sinha A. Acquired bedaquiline resistance in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:658-663. [PMID: 35768925 PMCID: PMC9272738 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The WHO recommends the use of bedaquiline (BDQ) in longer, as well as shorter, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment regimens. However, resistance to this new drug is now emerging. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, who were treated for MDR-TB and acquired BDQ resistance during treatment.METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of routinely collected data for patients treated for MDR-TB in Karakalpakstan between January 2015 and December 2020. We included patients on BDQ-containing regimens with baseline susceptibility to BDQ who developed BDQ resistance at any point after treatment initiation. Patients resistant to BDQ at baseline or with no confirmed susceptibility to BDQ at baseline were excluded.RESULTS: Of the 523 patients who received BDQ-containing regimens during the study period, BDQ resistance was detected in 31 patients (5.9%); 20 patients were excluded-16 with no prior confirmation of BDQ susceptibility and 4 who were resistant at baseline. Eleven patients with acquired BDQ resistance were identified. We discuss demographic variables, resistance profiles, treatment-related variables and risk factors for unfavourable outcomes for these patients.CONCLUSION: Our programmatic data demonstrated the acquisition of BDQ resistance during or subsequent to receiving a BDQ-containing regimen in a patient cohort from Uzbekistan. We highlight the need for individualised treatment regimens with optimised clinical and laboratory follow up to prevent resistance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nair
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
| | - T Hasan
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
| | - K K Zaw
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
| | | | - A Ismailov
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
| | - P Mendonca
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
| | - Z Bekbaev
- Republican Center of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, Nukus, Uzbekistan
| | - N Parpieva
- Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - J Singh
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Holland, Amsterdam
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Mallick JS, Nair P, Abbew ET, Van Deun A, Decroo T. OUP accepted manuscript. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac029. [PMID: 35356403 PMCID: PMC8963286 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is considered to be a public health threat and is difficult to cure, requiring a lengthy treatment with potent, potentially toxic drugs. The novel antimicrobial agent bedaquiline has shown promising results for patients with DR-TB, improving the rate of culture conversion and reducing TB-related mortality. However, increasing numbers of cases with acquired bedaquiline resistance (ABR) have been reported in recent years. Methods This systematic review aimed to assess the frequency of ABR and characteristics of patients acquiring it. Studies showing data on sequential bedaquiline drug-susceptibility testing in patients treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen were included. The databases CENTRAL, PubMed and Embase were manually searched, and 866 unique records identified, eventually leading to the inclusion of 13 studies. Phenotypic ABR was assessed based on predefined MIC thresholds and genotypic ABR based on the emergence of resistance-associated variants. Results The median (IQR) frequency of phenotypic ABR was 2.2% (1.1%–4.6%) and 4.4% (1.8%–5.8%) for genotypic ABR. Among the studies reporting individual data of patients with ABR, the median number of likely effective drugs in a treatment regimen was five, in accordance with WHO recommendations. In regard to the utilization of important companion drugs with high and early bactericidal activity, linezolid was included in the regimen of most ABR patients, whereas the usage of other group A (fluoroquinolones) and former group B drugs (second-line injectable drugs) was rare. Conclusions Our findings suggest a relevant frequency of ABR, urging for a better protection against it. Therefore, treatment regimens should include drugs with high resistance-preventing capacity through high and early bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Saeed Mallick
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Parvati Nair
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Tabitha Abbew
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Interberton Road, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Tom Decroo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Nie Q, Tao L, Li Y, Chen N, Chen H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Tang Q, Wang X, Huang C, Yang C. High-dose gatifloxacin-based shorter treatment regimens for MDR/RR-TB. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 115:142-148. [PMID: 34861398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING The shorter treatment regimen (STR) for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) has achieved successful outcomes in many countries. However, there are few studies on high-dose gatifloxacin-based STR with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and management. DESIGN A prospective observational study was conducted with MDR/RR-TB patients who were treated with a standardized 9 or 12 - month regimen: including gatifloxacin (Gfx), clofazimine (Cfz), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA), and supplemented by amikacin (Am), isoniazid (INH), and prothionamide (Pto) during an intensive phase of 4 or 6 - month. Monitored ADRs monthly until treatment completion and then followed up every three months for one year. RESULTS Among the 42 eligible patients, 35 (83.3%) completed treatment successfully, 1 (2.4%) lost to follow-up (LTFU), and 6 (14.3%) failed due to ADRs, with no death. The most important ADR was drug-induced liver damage, which occurred in 24 out of 42 (57.1%) patients and resulted in 4 (9.5%) failed treatments and 4 (9.5%) adjusted treatments. QT interval prolongation occurred in 17 out of 42 (40.5%) patients, 9 (21.4%) of them with the corrected QT interval according to Fridericia (QTcF) > 500 ms resulting in 7 (16.7%) adjusted treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the effectiveness of the high-dose gatifloxacin-based STR but severe ADRs, especially hepatotoxicity and QT interval prolongation should never be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China; Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Lixuan Tao
- Emergency Department, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of science and technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Nanshan Chen
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Interventional therapy, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuping Tang
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Xianguang Wang
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China.
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Department of MDR/RR-TB, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China.
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
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Decroo T, Jai K, Aung M, Hossain MA, Gumusboga M, Ortuno-Gutierrez N, Catherine B, Jong D, Van Deun A. Bedaquiline can act as core drug in a standardized treatment regimen for fluoroquinolone-resistant rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.02124-2021. [PMID: 34561288 PMCID: PMC8943272 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02124-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Bangladesh, a standardised short treatment regimen (STR) was highly effective in patients diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), without proof of initial resistance to fluoroquinolone, and no prior treatment for RR-TB [1]. The STR relied on a fluoroquinolone, either gatifloxacin, levofloxacin or moxifloxacin, as core drug, with gatifloxacin being most effective in assuring relapse-free cure [2]. A second-line injectable was used during at least the first four months to prevent the selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant (sub)populations [3]. Other drugs served as companion drugs. In the original short treatment regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, bedaquiline proved an adequate core drug for fluoroquinolone resistance, ensuring early conversion and relapse-free cure. Use of linezolid did not have the same early effect.https://bit.ly/3gWuf9z
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Decroo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of HIV and TB, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Maug Aung
- Damien Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mourad Gumusboga
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Mycobacteriology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - De Jong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Mycobacteriology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ernest JP, Sarathy J, Wang N, Kaya F, Zimmerman MD, Strydom N, Wang H, Xie M, Gengenbacher M, Via LE, Barry CE, Carter CL, Savic RM, Dartois V. Lesion Penetration and Activity Limit the Utility of Second-Line Injectable Agents in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0050621. [PMID: 34252307 PMCID: PMC8448094 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00506-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amikacin and kanamycin are second-line injectables used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) based on the clinical utility of streptomycin, another aminoglycoside and first-line anti-TB drug. While streptomycin was tested as a single agent in the first controlled TB clinical trial, introduction of amikacin and kanamycin into MDR-TB regimens was not preceded by randomized controlled trials. A recent large retrospective meta-analysis revealed that compared with regimens without any injectable drug, amikacin provided modest benefits, and kanamycin was associated with worse outcomes. Although their long-term use can cause irreversible ototoxicity, they remain part of MDR-TB regimens because they have a role in preventing emergence of resistance to other drugs. To quantify the contribution of amikacin and kanamycin to second-line regimens, we applied two-dimensional matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging in large lung lesions, quantified drug exposure in lung and in lesions of rabbits with active TB, and measured the concentrations required to kill or inhibit growth of the resident bacterial populations. Using these metrics, we applied site-of-action pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) concepts and simulated drug coverage in patients' lung lesions. The results provide a pharmacological explanation for the limited clinical utility of both agents and reveal better PK-PD lesion coverage for amikacin than kanamycin, consistent with retrospective data of contribution to treatment success. Together with recent mechanistic studies dissecting antibacterial activity from aminoglycoside ototoxicity, the limited but rapid penetration of streptomycin, amikacin, and kanamycin to the sites of TB disease supports the development of analogs with improved efficacy and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Ernest
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jansy Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew D. Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Natasha Strydom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Claire L. Carter
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Radojka M. Savic
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Guglielmetti L, Varaine F. The coming-of-age of bedaquiline: a tale with an open ending. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:57/6/2100066. [PMID: 34112716 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00066-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guglielmetti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, équipe 13, Paris, France .,APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France.,Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
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