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Kim KS. Editorial: Combinational therapy and nanotechnologies in combating pathogenic microbes and antibiotic resistance. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406043. [PMID: 38774210 PMCID: PMC11106493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Yi J, Liu C, Yang P, Wu ZC, Du CJ, Shen N. Exogenous glutathione reverses meropenem resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1327230. [PMID: 38174220 PMCID: PMC10762803 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1327230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection has been increasing rapidly worldwide and, poses a significant risk to human health. Effective methods are urgently needed to address treatment failures related to antibiotic resistance. Recent research has reported that some drugs in combination with antibiotics have displayed synergistic killing of resistant bacteria. Here, we investigated whether glutathione (GSH) can synergize with meropenem, and enhance its effectiveness against CRKP. Methods: Synergistic activity was assessed by checkerboard and time-killing assays. The mechanism of these combinations was assessed by total ROS and membrane permeability assays. The bacterial metabolites were assessed by LC‒MS/MS. Results: The FICIs of GSH and meropenem were approximately 0.5 and the combined treatment with GSH and meropenem resulted in a more than 2log10 CFU/mL reduction in bacteria compared to the individual treatments. These findings indicated the synergistic effect of the two drugs. Moreover, the meropenem MIC of CRKP was reduced to less than 4 mg/L when combined with 6 mg/mL GSH, indicating that GSH could significantly reverse resistance to meropenem in bacteria. The production of ROS in bacteria was determined by flow cytometry. After adding GSH, the ROS in the GSH group and the combined group was significantly higher than that in the control and meropenem groups, but there was no significant difference between the combined and GSH groups. The metabolic disturbance caused by GSH alone and in combination with meropenem was significant intracellularly and extracellularly, especially in terms of glycerophospholipid metabolism, indicating that the synergistic effect of the combined use of GSH and meropenem was relevant to glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, we measured the cell membrane permeability. The cell membrane permeability of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the blank control or monotreatment groups. This confirmed that the GSH can serve as a meropenem enhancers by disturbing glycerophospholipid metabolism and increasing cell membrane permeability. Conclusion: GSH and meropenem display a synergistic effect, wherein GSH increases the sensitivity of CRKP to meropenem. The synergy and susceptibility effects are thought to related to the increased membrane permeability resulting from the perturbations in glycerophospholipid metabolism, presenting a novel avenue for CRKP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yi
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-chao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-jing Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Infectious Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yan BB, Dong XS, Wang JP, Li XY, An L, Wang XR, Zhang LG, Meng QL, Wang C. Glutamate-pantothenate pathway promotes antibiotic resistance of Edwardsiella tarda. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264602. [PMID: 37779691 PMCID: PMC10533917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cellular metabolic states have been shown to modulate bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics, the interaction between glutamate (Glu) and chloramphenicol (CAP) resistance remains unclear because of the specificity of antibiotics and bacteria. We found that the level of Glu was upregulated in the CAP-resistant strain of Edwardsiella tarda according to a comparative metabolomics approach based on LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, we verified that exogenous metabolites related to Glu, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism could promote CAP resistance in survival assays. If GSH metabolism or the TCA cycle is inhibited by L-buthionine sulfoximine or propanedioic acid, the promotion of CAP resistance by Glu in the corresponding pathway disappears. According to metabolomic analysis, exogenous Glu could change pantothenate metabolism, affecting GSH biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. These results showed that the glutamate-pantothenate pathway could promote CAP resistance by being involved in the synthesis of GSH, entering the TCA cycle by direct deamination, or indirectly affecting the metabolism of the two pathways by pantothenate. These results extend our knowledge of the effect of Glu on antibiotic resistance and suggest that the potential effect, which may aggravate antibiotic resistance, should be considered before Glu and GSH administration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-bei Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Children’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-sa Dong
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-peng Wang
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-ying Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan Children’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xi-rong Wang
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Long-gang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-lei Meng
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
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Reducing the Periplasmic Glutathione Content Makes Escherichia coli Resistant to Trimethoprim and Other Antimicrobial Drugs. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0074321. [PMID: 34908461 PMCID: PMC8672908 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00743-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glutathione (GSH) has been shown to influence the antimicrobial effects of many kinds of antibiotics, little is known about its role in relation to trimethoprim (TMP), a widely used antifolate. In this study, several genes related to glutathione metabolism were deleted in different Escherichia coli strains (i.e., O157:H7 and ATCC 25922), and their effects on susceptibility to TMP were tested. The results showed that deleting gshA, gshB, grxA, and cydD caused TMP resistance, and deleting cydD also caused resistance to other drugs. Meanwhile, deleting gshA, grxA, and cydD resulted in a significant decrease of the periplasmic glutathione content. Supplementing exogenous GSH or further deleting glutathione importer genes (gsiB and ggt) restored TMP sensitivity to ΔcydD. Subsequently, the results of quantitative-reverse transcription PCR experiments showed that expression levels of acrA, acrB, and tolC were significantly upregulated in both ΔgrxA and ΔcydD. Correspondingly, deleting cydD led to a decreased accumulation of TMP within bacterial cells, and further deleting acrA, acrB, or tolC restored TMP sensitivity to ΔcydD. Inactivation of CpxR and SoxS, two transcriptional factors that modulate the transcription of acrAB-tolC, restored TMP sensitivity to ΔcydD. Furthermore, mutations of gshA, gshB, grxA, cydC, and cydD are highly prevalent in E. coli clinical strains. Collectively, these data suggest that reducing the periplasmic glutathione content of E. coli leads to increased expression of acrAB-tolC with the involvement of CpxR and SoxS, ultimately causing drug resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a linkage between periplasmic GSH and drug resistance in bacteria. IMPORTANCE After being used extensively for decades, trimethoprim still remains one of the key accessible antimicrobials recommended by the World Health Organization. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance would be beneficial for the future utilization of this drug. It has been shown that the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump is associated with trimethoprim resistance in E. coli clinical strains. In this study, we show that E. coli can sense the periplasmic glutathione content with the involvement of the CpxAR two-component system. As a result, reducing the periplasmic glutathione content leads to increased expression of acrA, acrB, and tolC via CpxR and SoxS, causing resistance to antimicrobials, including trimethoprim. Meanwhile, mutations in the genes responsible for periplasmic glutathione content maintenance are highly prevalent in E. coli clinical isolates, indicating a potential correlation of the periplasmic glutathione content and clinical antimicrobial resistance, which merits further investigation.
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Junita D, Prasetyo AA, Muniroh M, Kristina TN, Mahati E. The effect of glutathione as adjuvant therapy on levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in wistar rat peritonitis model. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 66:102406. [PMID: 34136205 PMCID: PMC8178079 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritonitis is the second most common cause of severe sepsis that associated with a significant mortality rate. Due to a large gap of newer antibiotics innovation and antibiotic resistance emergence, the use of antioxidant has a possible alternative as adjuvant therapy in peritonitis management. It has been studied that glutathione as an alternative in the development of new anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 after glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy in rat peritonitis model. Materials and methods Male wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group), Group 1: control group (C), Group 2: peritonitis group (P), Group 3: peritonitis + Ceftriaxone group (P + Cef), Group 4: peritonitis + Ceftriaxone + Glutathione group (P + Cef + Glu). Twenty-four hours after peritonitis induction, the blood samples were taken to evaluate TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Results There was a significantly increase of mean TNF-α level in group 2 (P) 473,86 ± 388,99 pg/ml (p value 0,00) and significantly decrease of mean TNF-α level after glutathione injection in group 4 (P + Cef + Glu) (p value 0,02). No significant changes in IL-10 levels in rats peritonitis model. Conclusions Glutathione supplementation is significantly decrease the mean level of TNF-α in rats induced peritonitis, however there is no difference compare to antibiotic only. Moreover, there no significant changes level of IL-10 in rats induced peritonitis after glutathione injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dila Junita
- General Surgery Department, Diponegoro University / Dr. Kariadi Central Hospital Semarang, 50244, Indonesia
| | - Agung Aji Prasetyo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Diponegoro University / Dr. Kariadi Central Hospital Semarang, 50244, Indonesia
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Tri Nur Kristina
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Endang Mahati
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
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Alharbe R, Almansour A, Kwon DH. Antibacterial activity of exogenous glutathione and its synergism on antibiotics sensitize carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:409-414. [PMID: 28781060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major clinical impact of A. baumannii is hospital-acquired infections including ventilator-associated pneumonia. The treatment of this pathogen is often difficult due to its innate and acquired resistance to almost all commercially available antibiotics. Infections with carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant A. baumannii is the most problematic. Glutathione is a tripeptide thiol-antioxidant and antibacterial activity of exogenous glutathione was reported in some bacteria. However, clinical relevance and molecular details of the antibacterial activity of glutathione are currently unclear. Seventy clinical isolates of A. baumannii including 63 carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant isolates and a type strain A. baumannii ATCC 19606 were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and time-killing activity with meropenem and/or glutathione were also determined in the carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant isolates. In addition, the roles of exogenous glutathione in multidrug efflux pumps and β-lactamase production were examined. Levels of MIC and MBC were ranged from 10 to 15mM of exogenous glutathione. All tested carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant isolates were sensitized by all tested antibiotics in combination with subinhibitory concentrations of glutathione. FIC levels of glutathione with carbapenem (meropenem) were all<0.5 and the carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant isolates were killed by subinhibitory concentrations of both glutathione and meropenem at>2log10 within 12h, suggesting glutathione synergistically interacts with meropenem. The roles of multidrug efflux pumps and β-lactamase production were excluded for the glutathione-mediated antibiotic susceptibility. Overall results demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of glutathione is clinically relevant and its synergism on antibiotics sensitizes clinical isolates of A. baumannii regardless of their resistance or susceptibility to antibiotics. This finding suggests that exogenous glutathione alone and/or in combination with existing antibiotics may be applicable to treat infections with carbapenem-associated multidrug resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Alharbe
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Ayidh Almansour
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Dong H Kwon
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States, United States.
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Roles of the glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent systems in the Escherichia coli responses to ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:913-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Smirnova GV, Lepekhina EV, Muzyka NG, Oktyabrsky ON. Role of thiol redox systems in Escherichia coli response to thermal and antibiotic stresses. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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In vitro effects of N-acetyl cysteine alone and in combination with antibiotics on Prevotella intermedia. J Microbiol 2015; 53:321-9. [PMID: 25935303 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-4500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory activities in tissues. In the field of dentistry, NAC was demonstrated to prevent the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in phagocytic cells and gingival fibroblasts during the inflammatory process, but the effect of NAC on oral pathogens has been rarely studied. Here, we examined the effect of NAC against planktonic and biofilm cells of Prevotella intermedia, a major oral pathogen. NAC showed antibacterial activity against the planktonic P. intermedia with MIC value of 3 mg/ml and significantly decreased biofilm formation by the bacterium even at sub MIC. NAC did not affect the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic P. intermedia, showing indifference (fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5-4) results against the bacterium in combination with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline or metronidazole. On the other hand, viability of the pre-established bacterial biofilm exposed to the antibiotics except metronidazole was increased in the presence of NAC. Collectively, NAC may be used for prevention of the biofilm formation by P. intermedia rather than eradication of the pre-established bacterial biofilm. Further studies are required to explore antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of NAC against mixed population of oral bacteria and its modulatory effect on antibiotics used for oral infectious diseases.
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Goswami M, Sharma D, Khan NM, Checker R, Sandur SK, Jawali N. Antioxidant supplementation enhances bacterial peritonitis in mice by inhibiting phagocytosis. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:355-366. [PMID: 24307637 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.067173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are known to exhibit numerous health benefits including anti-ageing, anti-apoptotic and immuno-stimulatory effects. However, we present the data showing counterproductive effects of therapeutically relevant antioxidants on bacterial clearance by the immune system in a murine peritonitic model. The antioxidants ascorbic acid, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine augmented morbidity and mortality in mice carrying Eshcerichia coli-induced acute bacterial peritonitis. Treatment of peritonitic mice with antioxidants significantly increased their bacterial load in the range of 0.3-2 logs. Antioxidant administration to peritonitic mice resulted in decreased numbers of macrophages, B-cells and dendritic cells at the primary site of infection and increased neutrophil infiltration. Serum TNF-α levels were also decreased in antioxidant-treated peritonitic mice. In vitro experiments showed that antioxidants reduced the phagocytic efficacy of peritoneal macrophages by ~60-75% and also decreased E. coli-induced oxidative burst in macrophages cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the antioxidants increased the severity of peritonitis by decreasing the phagocytic efficiency, oxidative burst, and TNF-α production, and increasing neutrophil infiltration. Based on these results, we propose that antioxidant supplementation during the course of bacterial infection is not recommended as it could be detrimental for the host. In addition, the present study underlines the importance of timing and context of antioxidant administration rather than indiscriminate usage to gain the best possible therapeutic advantage of these redox compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Goswami
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Nazir M Khan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Narendra Jawali
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Samoilova Z, Smirnova G, Muzyka N, Oktyabrsky O. Medicinal plant extracts variously modulate susceptibility of Escherichia coli to different antibiotics. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:307-13. [PMID: 23916388 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of green and black tea and extracts of medicinal plants and their ability to modulate antibiotic susceptibility in Escherichia coli were studied. Among a number of extracts tested the maximal capacity to scavenge DPPH radicals and chelate iron in chemical tests was found in green and black tea, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Vaccinium vitis-idaea. These extracts contained high level of polyphenols and in aerobic conditions exhibited prooxidant features, producing H2O2 and inducing expression of the katG gene encoding catalase HPI in E. coli cells. A good correlation between the polyphenol content and the ability of extracts to protect bacteria against peroxide stress was observed (r = 0.88). Polyphenol-rich extracts and iron chelators demonstrated the highest modulating effect on the antibiotic susceptibility by changing the time period before lysis started and by influencing the colony-forming ability of bacteria. The direction of the modulating effect was dependent on nature of antibiotic applied: under treatment with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin the extracts predominantly provided protective effects, while under treatment with kanamycin a bactericidal action was enhanced. Mechanism of modulating action of extracts on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility probably involves antioxidant, preferentially iron-chelating, or prooxidant properties of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Samoilova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Galina Smirnova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Nadezda Muzyka
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Oleg Oktyabrsky
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky pr. 29, Perm 614990, Russia.
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Páez PL, Becerra MC, Albesa I. Antioxidative mechanisms protect resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus against ciprofloxacin oxidative damage. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 24:771-6. [PMID: 20412315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the antioxidant defences protect resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus against ciprofloxacin oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by chemiluminescence and nitric oxide (NO) was assayed by Griess reaction. The accumulation of ciprofloxacin was examined by fluorometry and oxidation of protein, catalase, ferrous reduction antioxidant potency (FRAP), carbonyls and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), studied by spectrophotometry. Ciprofloxacin stimulated higher production of ROS and NO in the susceptible strains than in the resistant ones. There was higher accumulation of antibiotic in sensitive strains than in resistant ones, except for the most resistant strain, which accumulated an elevated amount of antibiotic. The FRAP/ciprofloxacin accumulation ratio of the antibiotic was lower in sensitive than in resistant strains. The most resistant strain exhibited the highest FRAP and presented a high catalase activity. There was oxidation of proteins in the presence of ciprofloxacin, with the carbonyl residues increasing in sensitive and resistant S. aureus. The degradation of carbonyls to AOPP in oxidized proteins was higher in the resistant than in sensitive strains. In conclusion, an increase in antioxidant capacity and a rapid oxidation of carbonyls to AOPP contributed to resistance to ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Laura Páez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba- Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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N-acetylcysteine-mediated modulation of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3529-30. [PMID: 20547812 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00710-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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