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Mu X, Li X, Yin Z, Jing Y, Chen F, Gao H, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Guo H, Lu X, He J, Zheng Y, Zhou D, Wang P, Dai E. Abundant diversity of accessory genetic elements and associated antimicrobial resistance genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a single Chinese hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37386463 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa has intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the strong ability to acquire additional resistance genes. However, a limited number of investigations provide detailed modular structure dissection and evolutionary analysis of accessory genetic elements (AGEs) and associated resistance genes (ARGs) in P. aeruginosa isolates. The objective of this study is to reveal the prevalence and transmission characteristics of ARGs by epidemiological investigation and bioinformatics analysis of AGEs of P. aeruginosa isolates taken from a Chinese hospital. METHODS Draft-genome sequencing was conducted for P. aeruginosa clinical isolates (n = 48) collected from a single Chinese hospital between 2019 and 2021. The clones of P. aeruginosa isolates, type 3 secretion system (T3SS)-related virulotypes, and the resistance spectrum were identified using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. In addition, 17 of the 48 isolates were fully sequenced. An extensive modular structure dissection and genetic comparison was applied to AGEs of the 17 sequenced P. aeruginosa isolates. RESULTS From the draft-genome sequencing, 13 STs were identified, showing high genetic diversity. BLAST search and PCR detection of T3SS genes (exoT, exoY, exoS, and exoU) revealed that the exoS+/exoU- virulotype dominated. At least 69 kinds of acquired ARGs, involved in resistance to 10 different categories of antimicrobials, were identified in the 48 P. aeruginosa isolates. Detailed genetic dissection and sequence comparisons were applied to 25 AGEs from the 17 isolates, together with five additional prototype AGEs from GenBank. These 30 AGEs were classified into five groups -- integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), unit transposons, IncpPBL16 plasmids, Incp60512-IMP plasmids, and IncpPA7790 plasmids. CONCLUSION This study provides a broad-scale and deeper genomics understanding of P. aeruginosa isolates taken from a single Chinese hospital. The isolates collected are characterized by high genetic diversity, high virulence, and multiple drug resistance. The AGEs in P. aeruginosa chromosomes and plasmids, as important genetic platforms for the spread of ARGs, contribute to enhancing the adaptability of P. aeruginosa in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, No. 42 Tanan Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, 050021, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, No. 42 Tanan Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, 050021, China
| | - Yueyang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, No. 42 Tanan Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, 050021, China
| | - Huiqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiuhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20, Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, No. 42 Tanan Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, 050021, China.
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Dai Z, Wu T, Xu S, Zhou L, Tang W, Hu E, Zhan L, Chen M, Yu G. Characterization of toxin-antitoxin systems from public sequencing data: A case study in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951774. [PMID: 36051757 PMCID: PMC9424990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is a widely distributed group of genetic modules that play important roles in the life of prokaryotes, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) contributing to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). The diversity and richness of TA systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as one of the bacterial species with ARGs, have not yet been completely demonstrated. In this study, we explored the TA systems from the public genomic sequencing data and genome sequences. A small scale of genomic sequencing data in 281 isolates was selected from the NCBI SRA database, reassembling the genomes of these isolates led to the findings of abundant TA homologs. Furthermore, remapping these identified TA modules on 5,437 genome/draft genomes uncovers a great diversity of TA modules in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, manual inspection revealed several TA systems that were not yet reported in P. aeruginosa including the hok-sok, cptA-cptB, cbeA-cbtA, tomB-hha, and ryeA-sdsR. Additional annotation revealed that a large number of MGEs were closely distributed with TA. Also, 16% of ARGs are located relatively close to TA. Our work confirmed a wealth of TA genes in the unexplored P. aeruginosa pan-genomes, expanded the knowledge on P. aeruginosa, and provided methodological tips on large-scale data mining for future studies. The co-occurrence of MGE, ARG, and TA may indicate a potential interaction in their dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangchuang Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Feng W, Lv J, Wang H, Yao P, Xiong L, Xia P, Yuan Q, Sun F. The first report of the bla IMP-10 gene and complete sequence of the IMP-10-encoding plasmid p12NE515 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106326. [PMID: 35077675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a detailed genomic characterization of the blaIMP-10-carrying plasmid p12NE515 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate in China. METHODS Plasmid p12NE515 was subjected to whole-genome sequencing and the complete sequence was compared with related plasmid sequences. Transferability of plasmid, carbapenemase activity and bacterial susceptibility profiles were determined to assess p12NE515-mediated resistance phenotypes. RESULTS P. aeruginosa 12NE515 was identified as a less common sequence type of ST1976. p12NE515 harboring blaIMP-10 possessed a backbone identical to plasmid p60512-IMP (carrying blaIMP-1), but the accessory resistance regions differed. Only one accessory module, Tn7339, was carried in p12NE515, and this transposon was an insertion sequence-mediated transposition unit generated by the insertion of a novel class 1 integron, In1814, at the downstream end of ISPa17. Here, blaIMP-10 together with aacA7 was located in In1814, being at evolution stage III of Tn402-associated integron due to truncation of the tni module. CONCLUSION This study is the first to determine the complete sequence of a blaIMP-10-carrying plasmid, and this is also the first report of a blaIMP-10-producing strain in China. The prevalence of the blaIMP-10 gene and the genetic characterization of the blaIMP-10-carrying plasmid should be analyzed to provide deeper insight into the transmission mechanism of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Pu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lirong Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Singh G, Yadav M, Ghosh C, Rathore JS. Bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules: classification, functions, and association with persistence. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100047. [PMID: 34841338 PMCID: PMC8610362 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously present bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) modules consist of stable toxin associated with labile antitoxin. Classification of TAs modules based on inhibition of toxin through antitoxin in 8 different classes. Variety of specific toxin targets and the abundance of TA modules in various deadly pathogens. Specific role of TAs modules in conservation of the resistant genes, emergence of persistence & biofilm formation. Proposed antibacterial strategies involving TA modules for elimination of multi-drug resistance.
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous gene loci among bacteria and are comprised of a toxin part and its cognate antitoxin part. Under normal physiological conditions, antitoxin counteracts the toxicity of the toxin whereas, during stress conditions, TA modules play a crucial role in bacterial physiology through involvement in the post-segregational killing, abortive infection, biofilms, and persister cell formation. Most of the toxins are proteinaceous that affect translation or DNA replication, although some other intracellular molecular targets have also been described. While antitoxins may be a protein or RNA, that generally neutralizes its cognate toxin by direct interaction or with the help of other signaling elements and thus helps in the TA module regulation. In this review, we have discussed the current state of the multifaceted TA (type I–VIII) modules by highlighting their classification and specific targets. We have also discussed the presence of TA modules in the various pathogens and their role in antibiotic persistence development as well as biofilm formation, by influencing the different cellular processes. In the end, assembling knowledge about ubiquitous TA systems from pathogenic bacteria facilitated us to propose multiple novel antibacterial strategies involving artificial activation of TA modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Yamuna Expressway, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Yamuna Expressway, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Department of Zoology Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Rathore
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Yamuna Expressway, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wheatley RM, MacLean RC. CRISPR-Cas systems restrict horizontal gene transfer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1420-1433. [PMID: 33349652 PMCID: PMC8105352 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with an adaptive immune system that targets foreign DNA. However, the xenogenic nature of immunity provided by CRISPR-Cas raises the possibility that these systems may constrain horizontal gene transfer. Here we test this hypothesis in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has emerged as an important model system for understanding CRISPR-Cas function. Across the diversity of P. aeruginosa, active CRISPR-Cas systems are associated with smaller genomes and higher GC content, suggesting that CRISPR-Cas inhibits the acquisition of foreign DNA. Although phage is the major target of CRISPR-Cas spacers, more than 80% of isolates with an active CRISPR-Cas system have spacers that target integrative conjugative elements (ICE) or the conserved conjugative transfer machinery used by plasmids and ICE. Consistent with these results, genomes containing active CRISPR-Cas systems harbour a lower abundance of both prophage and ICE. Crucially, spacers in genomes with active CRISPR-Cas systems map to ICE and phage that are integrated into the chromosomes of closely related genomes lacking CRISPR-Cas immunity. We propose that CRISPR-Cas acts as an important constraint to horizontal gene transfer, and the evolutionary mechanisms that ensure its maintenance or drive its loss are key to the ability of this pathogen to adapt to new niches and stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Craig MacLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
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Tohya M, Uechi K, Tada T, Hishinuma T, Kinjo T, Ohshiro T, Maeda S, Kirikae T, Fujita J. Emergence of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas asiatica and Pseudomonas monteilii from Japan harbouring an acquired gene encoding a carbapenemase VIM-2. J Med Microbiol 2020; 70. [PMID: 33226322 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas asiatica and Pseudomonas monteilii, belonging to the Pseudomonas putida phylogenetic group, are occasionally isolated from clinical samples, partly because they are often misidentified as P. putida in clinical laboratories. There are five reports describing carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of these species. Carbapenem-resistant strains of P. asiatica and P. monteilii were isolated from stool samples. These isolates were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and reidentified using average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on comparisons of their whole-genome sequences using the OrthoANI algorithm. The clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The size of plasmids conveying bla VIM-2 was examined by Southern blotting. A total of six carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of P. asiatica (two isolates) and P. monteilii (four isolates) were obtained from stool samples from five patients in a Japanese hospital. All isolates harboured blaVIM-2. The two isolates of P. asiatica had a different pattern in the PFGE analysis, with both having a 23 kb plasmid. Of the four isolates of P. monteilii with similar patterns in the PFGE analysis, three had 320 kb plasmids and one had a 240 kb plasmid. The genetic environments of the 320/240 kb and 23 kb plasmids differed. The results strongly indicated that carbapenem-resistant P. asiatica and P. monteilii producing metallo-β-lactamase are emerging in Japan. This is the first report of carbapenem-resistant P. asiatica and P. monteilii in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tohya
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Uechi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hishinuma
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinjo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takeya Ohshiro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Teruo Kirikae
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Botelho J, Lood C, Partridge SR, van Noort V, Lavigne R, Grosso F, Peixe L. Combining sequencing approaches to fully resolve a carbapenemase-encoding megaplasmid in a Pseudomonas shirazica clinical strain. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1186-1194. [PMID: 31381486 PMCID: PMC6713103 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1648182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Horizontal transfer of plasmids plays a pivotal role in dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Plasmid sequencing is thus paramount for accurate epidemiological tracking in hospitals and routine surveillance. Combining Nanopore and Illumina sequencing allowed full assembly of a carbapenemase-encoding megaplasmid carried by multidrug-resistant clinical isolate FFUP_PS_41. Average nucleotide identity analyses revealed that FFUP_PS_41 belongs to the recently proposed new species Pseudomonas shirazica, related to the P. putida phylogenetic group. FFUP_PS_41 harbours a 498,516-bp megaplasmid (pJBCL41) with limited similarity to publicly-available plasmids. pJBCL41 contains genes predicted to encode replication, conjugation, partitioning and maintenance functions and heavy metal resistance. The |aacA7|blaVIM-2|aacA4| cassette array (resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides) is located within a class 1 integron that is a defective Tn402 derivative. This transposon lies within a 50,273-bp region bound by Tn3-family 38-bp inverted repeats and flanked by 5-bp direct repeats (DR) that composes additional transposon fragments, five insertion sequences and a Tn3-Derived Inverted-Repeat Miniature Element. The hybrid Nanopore/Illumina approach allowed full resolution of a carbapenemase-encoding megaplasmid from P. shirazica. Identification of novel megaplasmids sheds new light on the evolutionary effects of gene transfer and the selective forces driving antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- a UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cédric Lood
- b Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,c Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Sally R Partridge
- d Centre for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Vera van Noort
- b Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,e Institute of Biology, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Rob Lavigne
- c Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Filipa Grosso
- a UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- a UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Zhan Z, Hu L, Jiang X, Zeng L, Feng J, Wu W, Chen W, Yang H, Yang W, Gao B, Yin Z, Zhou D. Plasmid and chromosomal integration of four novel blaIMP-carrying transposons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and an Enterobacter sp. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:3005-3015. [PMID: 30351436 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To provide detailed genetic characterization of four novel blaIMP-carrying transposons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and an Enterobacter sp. Methods P. aeruginosa 60512, K. pneumoniae 447, P. aeruginosa 12939 and Enterobacter sp. A1137 were subjected to genome sequencing. The complete nucleotide sequences of two plasmids (p60512-IMP from the 60512 isolate and p447-IMP from the 447 isolate) and two chromosomes (the 12939 and A1137 isolates) were determined, then a genomic comparison of p60512-IMP, p447-IMP and four novel blaIMP-carrying transposons (Tn6394, Tn6375, Tn6411 and Tn6397) with related sequences was performed. Transferability of the blaIMP gene and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility were tested. Results Tn6394 and Tn6375 were located in p60512-IMP and p447-IMP, respectively, while Tn6411 and Tn6397 were integrated into the 12939 and A1137 chromosomes, respectively. Tn6394 was an ISPa17-based transposition unit that harboured the integron In992 (carrying blaIMP-1). In73 (carrying blaIMP-8), In73 and In992, together with the ISEcp1:IS1R-blaCTX-M-14-IS903D unit, the macAB-tolC region and the truncated aacC2-tmrB region, respectively, were integrated into the prototype transposons Tn1722, Tn1696 and Tn7, respectively, generating the Tn3-family unit transposons, Tn6375 and Tn6378, and the Tn7-family unit transposon Tn6411, respectively. Tn6397 was a large integrative and conjugative element carrying Tn6378. Conclusions Complex events of transposition and homologous recombination have occurred during the original formation and further plasmid and chromosomal integration of these four transposons, promoting accumulation and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Protein determinants of dissemination and host specificity of metallo-β-lactamases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3617. [PMID: 31399590 PMCID: PMC6689000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide dissemination of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), mediating resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, is a major public health problem. The extent of dissemination of MBLs such as VIM-2, SPM-1 and NDM among Gram-negative pathogens cannot be explained solely based on the associated mobile genetic elements or the resistance phenotype. Here, we report that MBL host range is determined by the impact of MBL expression on bacterial fitness. The signal peptide sequence of MBLs dictates their adaptability to each host. In uncommon hosts, inefficient processing of MBLs leads to accumulation of toxic intermediates that compromises bacterial growth. This fitness cost explains the exclusion of VIM-2 and SPM-1 from Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, and their confinement to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By contrast, NDMs are expressed without any apparent fitness cost in different bacteria, and are secreted into outer membrane vesicles. We propose that the successful dissemination and adaptation of MBLs to different bacterial hosts depend on protein determinants that enable host adaptability and carbapenem resistance. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) confer resistance to carbapenem antibiotics. Here, López et al. show that the host range of MBLs depends on the efficiency of MBL signal peptide processing and secretion into outer membrane vesicles, which affects bacterial fitness.
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10
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Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Mechanisms, epidemiology and evolution. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 44:100640. [PMID: 31492517 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are powerful drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections. The inappropriate use of these medicines has driven the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in most bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen commonly involved in environmental- and difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections. This species is frequently resistant to several antibiotics, being in the "critical" category of the WHO's priority pathogens list for research and development of new antibiotics. In addition to a remarkable intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics, P. aeruginosa can acquire resistance through chromosomal mutations and acquisition of AR genes. P. aeruginosa has one of the largest bacterial genomes and possesses a significant assortment of genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which are frequently localized within integrons and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, insertion sequences, genomic islands, phages, plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). This genomic diversity results in a non-clonal population structure, punctuated by specific clones that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, the so-called high-risk clones. Acquisition of MGEs produces a fitness cost in the host, that can be eased over time by compensatory mutations during MGE-host coevolution. Even though plasmids and ICEs are important drivers of AR, the underlying evolutionary traits that promote this dissemination are poorly understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the main strategies involved in AR in P. aeruginosa and the leading drivers of HGT in this species. The most recently developed genomic tools that allowed a better understanding of the features contributing for the success of P. aeruginosa are discussed.
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11
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Di Pilato V, Antonelli A, Giani T, Henrici De Angelis L, Rossolini GM, Pollini S. Identification of a Novel Plasmid Lineage Associated With the Dissemination of Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes Among Pseudomonads. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1504. [PMID: 31312195 PMCID: PMC6614342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) represents one of most relevant resistance mechanisms to all β-lactams, including carbapenems, ceftolozane and available β-lactamase inhibitors, in Pseudomonas spp. VIM-type enzymes are the most common acquired MBLs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, to a lesser extent, in other Pseudomonas species. Little is known about the acquisition dynamics of these determinants, that are usually carried on integrons embedded into chromosomal mobile genetic elements. To date, few MBL-encoding plasmids have been described in Pseudomonas spp., and their diversity and role in the dissemination of these MBLs remains largely unknown. Here we report on the genetic features of the VIM-1-encoding plasmid pMOS94 from P. mosselii AM/94, the earliest known VIM-1-producing strain, and of related elements involved in dissemination of MBL. Results of plasmid DNA sequencing showed that pMOS94 had a modular organization, consisting of backbone modules associated with replication, transfer and antibiotic resistance. Plasmid pMOS94, although not typable according to the PBRT scheme, was classifiable either in MOBF11 or MPFT plasmid families. The resistance region included the class I integron In70, carrying bla V IM-1, in turn embedded in a defective Tn402-like transposon. Comparison with pMOS94-like elements led to the identification of a defined plasmid lineage circulating in different Pseudomonas spp. of clinical and environmental origin and spreading different MBL-encoding genes, including bla IMP-63, bla BIM, and bla V IM-type determinants. Genetic analysis revealed that this plasmid lineage likely shared a common ancestor and had evolved through the acquisition and recombination of different mobile elements, including the MBL-encoding transposons. Our findings provide new insights about the genetic diversity of MBL-encoding plasmids circulating among Pseudomonas spp., potentially useful for molecular epidemiology purposes, and revealed the existence and persistence of a successful plasmid lineage over a wide spatio-temporal interval, spanning over five different countries among two continents and over 20-years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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12
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Botelho J, Grosso F, Peixe L. WITHDRAWN: Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa – mechanisms, epidemiology and evolution. Drug Resist Updat 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Liapis E, Bour M, Triponney P, Jové T, Zahar JR, Valot B, Jeannot K, Plésiat P. Identification of Diverse Integron and Plasmid Structures Carrying a Novel Carbapenemase Among Pseudomonas Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 30886610 PMCID: PMC6409357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, called IMP-63, was identified in three clonally distinct strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two strains of Pseudomonas putida isolated within a 4 year timeframe in three French hospitals. The blaIMP–63 gene that encodes this carbapenemase turned out to be located in the variable region of four integrons (In1297, In1574, In1573, and In1572) and to coexist with novel or rare gene cassettes (fosM, gcu170, gcuF1) and insertion elements (ISPsp7v, ISPa16v). All these integrons except one (In1574) were flanked by a copy of insertion sequence ISPa17 next to the orf6 putative gene, and were carried by non-conjugative plasmids (pNECK1, pROUSS1, pROUSS2, pROUE1). These plasmids exhibit unique modular structures and partial sequence homologies with plasmids previously identified in various non-fermenting environmental Gram-negative species. Lines of evidence suggest that ISPa17 promoted en bloc the transposition of IMP-63-encoding integrons on these different plasmids. As demonstrated by genotyping experiments, isolates of P. aeruginosa harboring the 28.9-kb plasmid pNECK1 and belonging to international “high-risk” clone ST308 were responsible for an outbreak in one hospital. Collectively, these data provide an insight into the complex and unpredictable routes of diffusion of some resistance determinants, here blaIMP–63, among Pseudomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Liapis
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France.,CNRS, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
| | - Maxime Bour
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Pauline Triponney
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Jové
- INSERM UMR 1092, Université de Limoges, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Ralph Zahar
- Département de Microbiologie Clinique, AP-HP, CHU Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- CNRS, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France.,CNRS, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France.,CNRS, UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Besançon, France
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14
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Hosseini N, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N, Hosseinkhan N, Rezaie P, Bahador A. Modulation of Toxin-Antitoxin System Rnl AB Type II in Phage-Resistant Gammaproteobacteria Surviving Photodynamic Treatment. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 10:21-28. [PMID: 31360364 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are the particular type of TA modules which take part in different kinds of cellular actions, such as biofilm formation, persistence, stress endurance, defense of the bacterial cell against multiple phage attacks, plasmid maintenance, and programmed cell death in favor of bacterial population. Although several bioinformatics and Pet lab studies have already been conducted to understand the functionality of already discovered TA systems, still, more work in this area is required. Rnl AB type II TA module, which is composed of RnlA toxin and RnlB antitoxin, is a newly discovered type II TA module which takes part in the defense mechanism against T4 bacteriophage attack in Escherichia coli K-12 strain MH1 that has not been widely studied in other bacteria. Because of the significant role of class Gammaproteobacteriacea in a diverse range of health problems, we chose here to focus on this class to survey the presence of the Rnl AB TA module. For better categorization and description of the distribution of this module in this class of bacteria, the corresponding phylogenetic trees are illustrated here. Neighbor-joining and the maximum parsimony methods were used in this study to take a look at the distribution of domains present in RnlA and RnlB proteins, among members of Gammaproteobacteria. Also, the possible roles of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in providing a substrate for better phage therapy are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Hosseinkhan
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parizad Rezaie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Partridge SR, Kwong SM, Firth N, Jensen SO. Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00088-17. [PMID: 30068738 PMCID: PMC6148190 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1189] [Impact Index Per Article: 198.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, particularly those that are multiresistant, are an increasing major health care problem around the world. It is now abundantly clear that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are able to meet the evolutionary challenge of combating antimicrobial chemotherapy, often by acquiring preexisting resistance determinants from the bacterial gene pool. This is achieved through the concerted activities of mobile genetic elements able to move within or between DNA molecules, which include insertion sequences, transposons, and gene cassettes/integrons, and those that are able to transfer between bacterial cells, such as plasmids and integrative conjugative elements. Together these elements play a central role in facilitating horizontal genetic exchange and therefore promote the acquisition and spread of resistance genes. This review aims to outline the characteristics of the major types of mobile genetic elements involved in acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, focusing on the so-called ESKAPEE group of organisms (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli), which have become the most problematic hospital pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally R Partridge
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Kwong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neville Firth
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Slade O Jensen
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Antibiotic Resistance & Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Botelho J, Grosso F, Quinteira S, Mabrouk A, Peixe L. The complete nucleotide sequence of an IncP-2 megaplasmid unveils a mosaic architecture comprising a putative novel blaVIM-2-harbouring transposon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2225-2229. [PMID: 28505370 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Pseudomonas aeruginosa , bla VIM-2 has been mostly associated with a chromosomal location and rarely with a plasmid backbone. Until now, only three complete bla VIM-2 -carrying plasmid sequences have been described in this species. Here we explore the modular structure of pJB37, the first bla VIM-2 -carrying megaplasmid described in P. aeruginosa . Methods The complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pJB37 was determined with an Illumina HiSeq, with de novo assembly by SPAdes, annotation by RAST and searching for antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. Conjugation assays were conducted. Results Megaplasmid pJB37 (464 804 bp long and GC content of 57.2%) comprised: an IncP-2 repA-oriV-parAB region; a conjugative transfer region ( traF , traG , virD2 and trbBCDEJLFGI genes); Tn 6356 , a new putative bla VIM-2 -carrying transposon; heavy metal (mercury and tellurite) resistance operons; and an arsenal of virulence genes. Plasmid pJB37 was transferable by conjugation to a spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Here, a bla VIM-2 -harbouring In58 integron was associated with a new complex transposable structure, herein named Tn 6356 , suggesting that In58 was most likely acquired by insertion of this element. Conclusions The mosaic arrangement exhibited by the pJB37 IncP-2 megaplasmid, which highlights the vast assembly potential of distinct genetic elements in a Pseudomonas widespread plasmid platform, gives new insights into bacterial adaptation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Grosso
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Quinteira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto (CIBIO/UP)/InBio Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Aymen Mabrouk
- Laboratories UR12ES02 - The National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Findlay J, Hopkins KL, Alvarez-Buylla A, Meunier D, Mustafa N, Hill R, Pike R, McCrae LX, Hawkey PM, Woodford N. Characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the West Midlands region of England: 2007-14. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1054-1062. [PMID: 28073969 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have been increasingly reported in the UK since 2003. We analysed patient and isolate data for CPE confirmed by the national reference laboratory from laboratories in the West Midlands region from November 2007 to December 2014. Methods MICs were determined by BSAC agar dilution methodology and isolates exhibiting resistance to one or more carbapenems were screened for carbapenemase genes by PCR. Plasmid analyses were performed after electro-transformation of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids. WGS was performed on both transformants and clinical isolates. Patient data provided by the sending laboratories were reviewed. Results During the study period, CPE ( n = 139) were submitted from 13 laboratories in the West Midlands region, originating from 108 patients and including one environmental isolate. CPE submissions increased significantly from 2009 onwards. Isolates were predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (89/139) obtained from inpatients. WGS was performed on all clinical isolates and transformants. After deduplication 119 isolates and 96 transformants remained for analysis. Within these, four families of carbapenemase genes were identified: bla NDM (69/119), bla KPC (26/119), bla OXA-48-like (16/119) and bla VIM (7/119); one isolate carried both bla NDM and bla OXA-48-like . Isolates represented diverse STs and plasmid replicon types. Plasmid analyses identified plasmids of different replicon types encoding bla KPC , bla NDM and bla OXA-48-like genes, found across several species and STs. Conclusions CPE have been reported increasingly in the West Midlands region over a 7 year period. bla NDM , bla KPC and bla OXA-48-like were the dominant carbapenemase genes and were found in a range of diverse genomic/plasmid environments, highlighting their ability to mobilize across different plasmids, often impeding the detection of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Findlay
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Adela Alvarez-Buylla
- PHE Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Daniéle Meunier
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Nazim Mustafa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Robert Hill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Rachel Pike
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Li-Xu McCrae
- PHE Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Peter M Hawkey
- PHE Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Neil Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, PHE, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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18
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Andersen SB, Ghoul M, Griffin AS, Petersen B, Johansen HK, Molin S. Diversity, Prevalence, and Longitudinal Occurrence of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infecting Cystic Fibrosis Lungs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1180. [PMID: 28690609 PMCID: PMC5481352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are most commonly composed of two genes encoding a stable toxin, which harms the cell, and an unstable antitoxin that can inactivate it. TA systems were initially characterized as selfish elements, but have recently gained attention for regulating general stress responses responsible for pathogen virulence, formation of drug-tolerant persister cells and biofilms—all implicated in causing recalcitrant chronic infections. We use a bioinformatics approach to explore the distribution and evolution of type II TA loci of the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, across longitudinally sampled isolates from cystic fibrosis lungs. We identify their location in the genome, mutations, and gain/loss during infection to elucidate their function(s) in stabilizing selfish elements and pathogenesis. We found (1) 26 distinct TA systems, where all isolates harbor four in their core genome and a variable number of the remaining 22 on genomic islands; (2) limited mutations in core genome TA loci, suggesting they are not under negative selection; (3) no evidence for horizontal transmission of elements with TA systems between clone types within patients, despite their ability to mobilize; (4) no gain and limited loss of TA-bearing genomic islands, and of those elements partially lost, the remnant regions carry the TA systems supporting their role in genomic stabilization; (5) no significant correlation between frequency of TA systems and strain ability to establish as chronic infection, but those with a particular TA, are more successful in establishing a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B Andersen
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ghoul
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bent Petersen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
| | - Helle K Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Molin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
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19
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Tsang J. Bacterial plasmid addiction systems and their implications for antibiotic drug development. POSTDOC JOURNAL : A JOURNAL OF POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH AND POSTDOCTORAL AFFAIRS 2017; 5:3-9. [PMID: 28781980 PMCID: PMC5542005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria frequently carry mobile genetic elements capable of being passed to other bacterial cells. An example of this is the transfer of plasmids (small, circular DNA molecules) that often contain antibiotic resistance genes from one bacterium to another. Plasmids have evolved mechanisms to ensure their survival through generations by employing plasmids segregation and replication machinery and plasmid addiction systems. Plasmid addiction systems utilize a post-segregational killing of cells that have not received a plasmid. In this review, the types of plasmid addiction systems are described as well as their prevalence in antibiotic resistant bacteria. Lastly, the possibility of targeting these plasmid addiction systems for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Characterization of the pJB12 Plasmid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals Tn 6352, a Novel Putative Transposon Associated with Mobilization of the blaVIM-2-Harboring In58 Integron. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02532-16. [PMID: 28193652 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02532-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The blaVIM-2-carrying In58 integron has been linked to a chromosomal location in different bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa This work reports the first fully sequenced In58-harboring plasmid, which is significantly different from the two previously identified blaVIM-2-carrying plasmids in P. aeruginosablaVIM-2 might have been acquired by transposition of Tn6352, a novel transposon composed of the In58 and ISPa17 elements. The recognition of similar inverted repeat (IR) sites by ISPa17 reveals a common mobilization process associated with acquisition of the blaVIM-2 and blaVIM-1 genes.
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21
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N M, J M, V U, H N M. Unraveling genomic and phenotypic nature of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa VRFPA04 isolated from keratitis patient. Microbiol Res 2016; 193:140-149. [PMID: 27825482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa VRFPA04, obtained from a keratitis patient was found to exhibit resistance to betalactam (Penicillins, cephalosporins, including carbapenems, except aztreonam), aminoglycosides, quinolone group of drugs and susceptible to colistin. The complete genome sequencing of the ocular isolate to measure and ascertain the degree of multidrug resistance in VRFPA04 strain resulted in 6,818,030bp (6.8Mb) genome sizes, which happen to be the third largest genome available in the Genbank to date. Two chromosomally integrated class I integrons carrying blaVIM-2 carbapenemase gene, multiple secretory systems consisting of types I-VI and VIII proteins and ocular virulence factors exo-T, Y, U and exotoxin A, a gene that inhibits protein synthesis which could have caused corneal cell death and Phytohormone auxin biosynthetic protein were detected in the genome of VRFPA04 Genome. In addition, 58 Regions of Genomic Plasticity (RGPs) regions, multiple phage genomes, genomic islands, CRISPR genes and RND family efflux pumps, such as MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN and its regulators, MexT and MexR, were unraveled in VRFPA04. Thus, the current study reveals the virulence factors and resistome nature of an ocular isolate P aeruginosa VRFPA04 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan N
- Dept of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 06, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Malathi J
- Dept of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 06, India.
| | - Umashankar V
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 06, India
| | - Madhavan H N
- Dept of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 06, India
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22
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Emergence and Plasmid Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae KP01 Carrying blaGES-5 from Guangzhou, China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6362-4. [PMID: 27431225 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00764-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KP01 carrying blaGES-5 was identified from a patient in Guangzhou, China. High-throughput sequencing assigned blaGES-5 to a 28.5-kb nonconjugative plasmid, pGES-GZ. A 13-kb plasmid backbone sequence on pGES-GZ was found to share high sequence identities with plasmids from Gram-negative nonfermenters. A novel class 1 integron carrying a gene cassette array of orf28-orf28-blaGES-5 was identified on pGES-GZ, within which orf28 encoded a hypothetical protein possibly correlated to fosfomycin resistance.
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23
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clinical Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070227. [PMID: 27447671 PMCID: PMC4963858 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. Although not essential for normal cell growth, TA systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. Clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance, persistence and strong pathogenicity. Here, we present a review of the TA systems described to date and their biological role in human pathogens belonging to the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and others of clinical relevance (Escherichia coli, Burkholderia spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of TA systems will enable the development of new lines of treatment for infections caused by the above-mentioned pathogens.
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24
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San Millan A, Toll-Riera M, Escudero JA, Cantón R, Coque TM, MacLean RC. Sequencing of plasmids pAMBL1 and pAMBL2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals a blaVIM-1 amplification causing high-level carbapenem resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015. [PMID: 26209313 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemases are a major concern for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Although plasmids are responsible for the spread of resistance genes among these pathogens, there is limited information on the nature of the mobile genetic elements carrying carbapenemases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS We combined data from two different next-generation sequencing platforms, Illumina HiSeq2000 and PacBio RSII, to obtain the complete nucleotide sequences of two blaVIM-1-carrying plasmids (pAMBL1 and pAMBL2) isolated from P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. RESULTS Plasmid pAMBL1 has 26 440 bp and carries a RepA_C family replication protein. pAMBL1 is similar to plasmids pNOR-2000 and pKLC102 from P. aeruginosa and pAX22 from Achromobacter xylosoxidans, which also carry VIM-type carbapenemases. pAMBL2 is a 24 133 bp plasmid with a replication protein that belongs to the Rep_3 family. It shows a high degree of homology with a fragment of the blaVIM-1-bearing plasmid pPC9 from Pseudomonas putida. Plasmid pAMBL2 carries three copies of the blaVIM-1 cassette in an In70 class 1 integron conferring, unlike pAMBL1, high-level resistance to carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS We present two new plasmids coding for VIM-1 carbapenemase from P. aeruginosa and report that the presence of three copies of blaVIM-1 in pAMBL2 produces high-level resistance to carbapenems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro San Millan
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Macarena Toll-Riera
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Jose Antonio Escudero
- Institut Pasteur, Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, CNRS URA 2171, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Craig MacLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Dziewit L, Pyzik A, Szuplewska M, Matlakowska R, Mielnicki S, Wibberg D, Schlüter A, Pühler A, Bartosik D. Diversity and role of plasmids in adaptation of bacteria inhabiting the Lubin copper mine in Poland, an environment rich in heavy metals. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:152. [PMID: 26074880 PMCID: PMC4447125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lubin underground mine, is one of three mining divisions in the Lubin-Glogow Copper District in Lower Silesia province (Poland). It is the source of polymetallic ore that is rich in copper, silver and several heavy metals. Black shale is also significantly enriched in fossil organic matter in the form of long-chain hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic acids, esters, thiophenes and metalloporphyrins. Biological analyses have revealed that this environment is inhabited by extremophilic bacteria and fungi. Kupfershiefer black shale and samples of water, bottom and mineral sediments from the underground (below 600 m) Lubin mine were taken and 20 bacterial strains were isolated and characterized. All exhibited multi-resistant and hypertolerant phenotypes to heavy metals. We analyzed the plasmidome of these strains in order to evaluate the diversity and role of mobile DNA in adaptation to the harsh conditions of the mine environment. Experimental and bioinformatic analyses of 11 extrachromosomal replicons were performed. Three plasmids, including a broad-host-range replicon containing a Tn3 family transposon, carried genes conferring resistance to arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, mercury and zinc. Functional analysis revealed that the resistance modules exhibit host specificity, i.e., they may increase or decrease tolerance to toxic ions depending on the host strain. The other identified replicons showed diverse features. Among them we identified a catabolic plasmid encoding enzymes involved in the utilization of histidine and vanillate, a putative plasmid-like prophage carrying genes responsible for NAD biosynthesis, and two repABC-type plasmids containing virulence-associated genes. These findings provide an unique molecular insight into the pool of extrachromosomal replicons and highlight their role in the biology and adaptation of extremophilic bacteria inhabiting terrestrial deep subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pyzik
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuplewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Matlakowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mielnicki
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dariusz Bartosik
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
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Pitondo-Silva A, Martins VV, Stehling EG. First report of theblaVIMgene in environmental isolates ofButtiauxellasp. APMIS 2015; 123:326-9. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Pitondo-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; USP; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Vinicius Vicente Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; USP; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; USP; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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27
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A blaVIM-2 plasmid disseminating in extensively drug-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7017-8. [PMID: 25182641 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02934-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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resistome analysis of Enterobacter cloacae CY01, an extensively drug-resistant strain producing VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase from China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6328-30. [PMID: 25114139 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03060-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistome analysis of clinical VIM-1-producing Enterobacter cloacae strain CY01 from China revealed the presence of multiple resistance determinants. Two resistance plasmids were identified in CY01. The pCY-VIM plasmid was 14 kb in size and possessed a replicase gene (repA), a gene cluster encoding the partitioning function (parABC), and a carbapenemase gene (blaVIM-1). Another 5.9-kb plasmid, pCY-MdT, with an aac(6')-Ib gene, was very closely related (13 nucleotide differences) to pMdT1, a ColE1 plasmid carrying aac(6')-Ib-cr4.
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29
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Kumari H, Balasubramanian D, Zincke D, Mathee K. Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpR on β-lactam and non-β-lactam transient cross-resistance upon pre-exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:544-555. [PMID: 24464693 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.070185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most dreaded opportunistic pathogens accounting for 10 % of hospital-acquired infections, with a 50 % mortality rate in chronically ill patients. The increased prevalence of drug-resistant isolates is a major cause of concern. Resistance in P. aeruginosa is mediated by various mechanisms, some of which are shared among different classes of antibiotics and which raise the possibility of cross-resistance. The goal of this study was to explore the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (SICs) of clinically relevant antibiotics and the role of a global antibiotic resistance and virulence regulator, AmpR, in developing cross-resistance. We investigated the induction of transient cross-resistance in P. aeruginosa PAO1 upon exposure to SICs of antibiotics. Pre-exposure to carbapenems, specifically imipenem, even at 3 ng ml(-1), adversely affected the efficacy of clinically used penicillins and cephalosporins. The high β-lactam resistance was due to elevated expression of both ampC and ampR, encoding a chromosomal β-lactamase and its regulator, respectively. Differences in the susceptibility of ampR and ampC mutants suggested non-AmpC-mediated regulation of β-lactam resistance by AmpR. The increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in the absence of ampR to various antibiotics upon SIC exposure suggests that AmpR plays a major role in the cross-resistance. AmpR was shown previously to be involved in resistance to quinolones by regulating MexEF-OprN efflux pump. The data here further indicate the role of AmpR in cross-resistance between quinolones and aminoglycosides. This was confirmed using quantitative PCR, where expression of the mexEF efflux pump was further induced by ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, its substrate and a non-substrate, respectively, in the absence of ampR. The data presented here highlight the intricate cross-regulation of antibiotic resistance pathways at SICs of antibiotics and the need for careful assessment of the order of antibiotic regimens as this may have dire consequences. Targeting a global regulator such as AmpR that connects diverse pathways is a feasible therapeutic approach to combat P. aeruginosa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansi Kumari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deepak Balasubramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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The complete nucleotide sequence of the carbapenem resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pLD209 from a Pseudomonas putida clinical strain reveals a chimeric design formed by modules derived from both environmental and clinical bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:1816-21. [PMID: 24395220 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02494-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete sequence of the carbapenem-resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pLD209 from a Pseudomonas putida clinical strain is presented. pLD209 is formed by 3 well-defined regions: an adaptability module encompassing a Tn402-like class 1 integron of clinical origin containing blaVIM-2 and aacA4 gene cassettes, partitioning and transfer modules, and a replication module derived from plasmids of environmental bacteria. pLD209 is thus a mosaic of modules originating in both the clinical and environmental (nonclinical) microbiota.
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32
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Di Pilato V, Pollini S, Rossolini GM. Characterization of plasmid pAX22, encoding VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase, reveals a new putative mechanism of In70 integron mobilization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:67-71. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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