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Costa FMS, Granja A, Pérez RL, Warner IM, Reis S, Passos MLC, Saraiva MLMFS. Fluoroquinolone-Based Organic Salts (GUMBOS) with Antibacterial Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15714. [PMID: 37958698 PMCID: PMC10650486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a silent pandemic considered a public health concern worldwide. Strategic therapies are needed to replace antibacterials that are now ineffective. One approach entails the use of well-known antibacterials along with adjuvants that possess non-antibiotic properties but can extend the lifespan and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment, while also improving the suppression of resistance. In this regard, a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) presents an alternative to this problem allowing the combination of antibacterials with adjuvants. Fluoroquinolones are a family of antibacterials used to treat respiratory and urinary tract infections with broad-spectrum activity. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin-based GUMBOS were synthesized via anion exchange reactions with lithium and sodium salts. Structural characterization, thermal stability and octanol/water partition ratios were evaluated. The antibacterial profiles of most GUMBOS were comparable to their cationic counterparts when tested against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli, except for deoxycholate anion, which demonstrated the least effective antibacterial activity. Additionally, some GUMBOS were less cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cells and non-hemolytic to red blood cells. Therefore, these agents exhibit promise as an alternative approach to combining drugs for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. S. Costa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Rocío L. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Marieta L. C. Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
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M. S. Costa F, Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva M, L. C. Passos M. Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts with Antimicrobial Activity as a Strategy Against Resistant Microorganisms. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lopez KM, Hobden JA, Warner IM. Octenidine/carbenicillin GUMBOS as potential treatment for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3576-3581. [PMID: 32830243 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonies in the oropharynx is a viable solution to minimize the transmission of this bacterium amongst individuals. OBJECTIVES A strategy involving the electrostatic interaction between a common antiseptic and a discontinued antibiotic (i.e. octenidine and carbenicillin) was evaluated as a potential treatment for gonorrhoea. Octenidine/carbenicillin is a novel group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) with inherent in vitro antibacterial activity that comes from its parent antiseptic and antibacterial ions, octenidine and carbenicillin, respectively. METHODS Antibacterial activities for octenidine dihydrochloride, disodium carbenicillin, octenidine/carbenicillin and stoichiometrically equivalent 1:1 octenidine dihydrochloride to disodium carbenicillin were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay for N. gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49226) and three clinical isolates. Predictive permeability using the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was also evaluated. RESULTS Additive in vitro antibacterial activities against N. gonorrhoeae were observed in this study, which suggests octenidine/carbenicillin could be a useful agent in reducing N. gonorrhoeae transmission and minimizing gonorrhoea infections. Octenidine/carbenicillin also exhibited bioequivalence to azithromycin and doxycycline, two currently prescribed antibiotics. Likewise, octenidine/carbenicillin had improved predicted permeability compared with octenidine dihydrochloride. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial GUMBOS synthesized in this study could be used as an adjunctive treatment approach to current drug therapies for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea infection control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hobden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Recent Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Tunable Materials and Nanomaterials Based on Organic Salts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Azevedo AM, Santos JL, Warner IM, Saraiva MLM. GUMBOS and nanoGUMBOS in chemical and biological analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1133:180-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lopez K, Ravula S, Pérez RL, Ayala CE, Losso JN, Janes ME, Warner IM. Hyaluronic Acid-Cellulose Composites as Patches for Minimizing Bacterial Infections. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4125-4132. [PMID: 32149241 PMCID: PMC7057694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile method was used to synthesize biocomposites containing differing ratios of hyaluronic acid (HA) and cellulose (CEL). Based on the properties of the individual polymers, the resultant composite materials may have potentially great wound care properties. In the method outlined here, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]), a simple ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent without chemical modifiers to dissolve the biopolymers at ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 HA to CEL. This method was completely recyclable since the ionic liquid, [Bmim][Cl], can be recovered. Results from spectroscopic measurements [Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)] confirm the interaction between HA and CEL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reflect differing biopolymer ratios and the resulting impact on the texture and porosity of these composite materials. The composites exhibited high swelling capacity in various media. These composites were also drug-loaded to examine drug release properties for greater potential in combating Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey
M. Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sudhir Ravula
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119, United States
| | - Rocío L. Pérez
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Caitlan E. Ayala
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jack N. Losso
- Department
of Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Marlene E. Janes
- Department
of Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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McNeel KE, Das S, Siraj N, Negulescu II, Warner IM. Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogels: Effects of Modifications on Gelation, Drug Release, and Nanotemplating. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8651-9. [PMID: 26039574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) was used to produce gelation of tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane (TRIS) solutions above, below, and near the pKa of NaDC, respectively, which yielded a neutral gelator, a charged gelator, and a mixture of each. Impacts of ionic interactions on gel formation were studied in detail and showed that pH can be used to modify many hydrogel properties including sol-gel temperature, crystallinity, and mechanical strength. Several formulations yielded a unique rheological finding of two stable regions of elastic modulus. The release of a small molecule has been investigated under different hydrogel conditions and at variable shear rate, suggesting utility as a drug-delivery vehicle. It was also observed that pH modification of the hydrogels affected nanoparticle formation. Nanoparticles derived from a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (nanoGUMBOS), specifically cyanine-based NIR dyes, were templated within the hydrogel network for potential applications in tissue imaging. These nanoGUMBOS were found to be size-tunable, although material-dependent. Further understanding of NaDC/TRIS gelation has broadened the tunability and multidimensional applications of these tailored hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E McNeel
- †Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 434 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Susmita Das
- †Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 434 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Noureen Siraj
- †Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 434 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ioan I Negulescu
- †Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 434 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.,‡Louisiana State University AgCenter, 304 Thomas Boyd Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Isiah M Warner
- †Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 434 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Cole MR, Hobden JA, Warner IM. Recycling antibiotics into GUMBOS: a new combination strategy to combat multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Molecules 2015; 20:6466-87. [PMID: 25867831 PMCID: PMC6272440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, coupled with the lack of new antibiotics in development, is fast evolving into a global crisis. New strategies utilizing existing antibacterial agents are urgently needed. We propose one such strategy in which four outmoded β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and oxacillin) and a well-known antiseptic (chlorhexidine di-acetate) were fashioned into a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) as an alternative to conventional combination drug dosing strategies. The antibacterial activity of precursor ions (e.g., chlorhexidine diacetate and β-lactam antibiotics), GUMBOS and their unreacted mixtures were studied with 25 clinical isolates with varying antibiotic resistance using a micro-broth dilution method. Acute cytotoxicity and therapeutic indices were determined using fibroblasts, endothelial and cervical cell lines. Intestinal permeability was predicted using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. GUMBOS formed from ineffective β-lactam antibiotics and cytotoxic chlorhexidine diacetate exhibited unique pharmacological properties and profound antibacterial activity at lower concentrations than the unreacted mixture of precursor ions at equivalent stoichiometry. Reduced cytotoxicity to invasive cell types commonly found in superficial and chronic wounds was also observed using GUMBOS. GUMBOS show promise as an alternative combination drug strategy for treating wound infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha R Cole
- Commodity Utilization, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
| | - Jeffery A Hobden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Warner IM, El-Zahab B, Siraj N. Perspectives on Moving Ionic Liquid Chemistry into the Solid Phase. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7184-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501529m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isiah M. Warner
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Noureen Siraj
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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