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Pettygrove BA, Kratofil RM, Alhede M, Jensen PØ, Newton M, Qvortrup K, Pallister KB, Bjarnsholt T, Kubes P, Voyich JM, Stewart PS. Delayed neutrophil recruitment allows nascent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and immune evasion. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120775. [PMID: 34243039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms that form on implanted medical devices cause recalcitrant infections. The early events enabling contaminating bacteria to evade immune clearance, before a mature biofilm is established, are poorly understood. Live imaging in vitro demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus sparsely inoculated on an abiotic surface can go undiscovered by human neutrophils, grow, and form aggregates. Small (~50 μm2) aggregates of attached bacteria resisted killing by human neutrophils, resulting in neutrophil lysis and bacterial persistence. In vivo, neutrophil recruitment to a peritoneal implant was spatially heterogenous, with some bacterial aggregates remaining undiscovered by neutrophils after 24 h. Intravital imaging in mouse skin revealed that attached S. aureus aggregates grew and remained undiscovered by neutrophils for up to 3 h. These results suggest a model in which delayed recruitment of neutrophils to an abiotic implant presents a critical window in which bacteria establish a nascent biofilm and acquire tolerance to neutrophil killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Pettygrove
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Alhede
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Ø Jensen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/CFIM, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyler B Pallister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jovanka M Voyich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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Iwata Y, Sakai N, Yoneda I, Senda Y, Sakai-Takemori Y, Oshima M, Nakagawa-Yoneda S, Ogura H, Sato K, Minami T, Kitajima S, Toyama T, Yamamura Y, Miyagawa T, Hara A, Shimizu M, Furuichi K, Matsushima K, Wada T. D-Serine inhibits the attachment and biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 537:50-56. [PMID: 33385805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although therapeutic agents for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are clinically available, MRSA infection is still a life-threatening disease. Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation contribute significantly to the initiation of MRSA infection. Controlling MRSA's attachment and biofilm formation might reduce the frequency of MRSA infection. According to recent data, some amino acids can reduce MRSA's attachment on plates; however, their precise inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we explored the effect of the amino acids on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo MRSA infection models. METHODS We tested the inhibitory effect of amino acids on MRSA and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the attachment assay. Moreover, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of amino acids on the in vivo catheter infection model. RESULTS Among the amino acids, D-Serine (D-Ser) was found to reduce MRSA's ability to attach on plate assay. The proliferation of MRSA was not affected by the addition of D-Ser; thus, D-Ser likely only played a role in preventing attachment and biofilm formation. Then, we analyzed the expression of genes related to attachment and biofilm formation. D-Ser was found to reduce the expressions of AgrA, SarS, IcaA, DltD, and SdrD. Moreover, the polyvinyl chloride catheters treated with D-Ser had fewer MRSA colonies. D-Ser treatment also reduced the severity of infection in the catheter-induced peritonitis model. Moreover, D-Ser reduced the attachment ability of E. coli. CONCLUSION D-Ser inhibits the attachment and biofilm formation of MRSA by reducing the expression of the related genes. Also, the administration of D-Ser reduces the severity of catheter infection in the mouse model. Therefore, D-Ser may be a promising therapeutic option for MRSA as well as E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iwata
- Division of Infection Control, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yoneda
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | | | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Taichiro Minami
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Taro Miyagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Granslo HN, Aarag Fredheim EG, Esaiassen E, Christophersen L, Jensen PØ, Mollnes TE, Moser C, Flaegstad T, Klingenberg C, Cavanagh JP. The synthetic antimicrobial peptide LTX21 induces inflammatory responses in a human whole blood model and a murine peritoneum model. APMIS 2019; 127:475-483. [PMID: 30916807 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance and the increasing number of immune-compromised patients are major challenges in modern medicine. Targeting bacterial virulence or the human host immune system to increase host defence are important strategies in the search for novel antimicrobial drugs. We investigated the inflammatory response of the synthetic short antimicrobial peptide LTX21 in two model systems: a human whole blood ex vivo model and a murine in vivo peritoneum model - both reflecting early innate immune response. In the whole blood model, LTX21 increased the secretion of a range of different cytokines, decreased the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and activated the complement system. In a haemolysis assay, we found 2.5% haemolysis at a LTX21 concentration of 500 mg/L. In the murine model, increased influx of white blood cells (WBCs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the murine peritoneal cavity was observed after treatment with LTX21. In addition, LTX21 increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In conclusion, LTX21 affected the inflammatory response; the increase in cytokine secretion, complement activation and WBC influx indicates an activated inflammatory response. The present results indicate the impact of LTX21 on the host-pathogen interplay. Whether this will also affect the course of infection has to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegunn Norbakken Granslo
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elizabeth G Aarag Fredheim
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Microbial Pharmacology and Population Ecology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eirin Esaiassen
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Flaegstad
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu G, Yang F, Li F, Li Z, Lang Y, Shen B, Wu Y, Li W, Harrison PL, Strong PN, Xie Y, Miller K, Cao Z. Therapeutic Potential of a Scorpion Venom-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide and Its Homologs Against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1159. [PMID: 29896190 PMCID: PMC5987058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming rise in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria poses a unique challenge for the development of effective therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted a great deal of attention as a possible solution to the increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Marcin-18 was identified from the scorpion Mesobuthus martensii at both DNA and protein levels. The genomic sequence revealed that the marcin-18 coding gene contains a phase-I intron with a GT-AG splice junction located in the DNA region encoding the N-terminal part of signal peptide. The peptide marcin-18 was also isolated from scorpion venom. A protein sequence homology search revealed that marcin-18 shares extremely high sequence identity to the AMPs meucin-18 and megicin-18. In vitro, chemically synthetic marcin-18 and its homologs (meucin-18 and megicin-18) showed highly potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including some clinical antibiotic-resistant strains. Importantly, in a mouse acute peritonitis model, these peptides significantly decreased the bacterial load in ascites and rescued nearly all mice heavily infected with clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from lethal bacteremia. Peptides exerted antimicrobial activity via a bactericidal mechanism and killed bacteria through membrane disruption. Taken together, marcin-18 and its homologs have potential for development as therapeutic agents for treating antibiotic-resistant, Gram-positive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yange Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingzheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Patrick L Harrison
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Strong
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Keith Miller
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Bio-drug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Bactericidal Activity of Ceragenin CSA-13 in Cell Culture and in an Animal Model of Peritoneal Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6274-82. [PMID: 26248361 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00653-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceragenins constitute a novel family of cationic antibiotics characterized by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, which have mostly been assessed in vitro. Using a polarized human lung epithelial cell culture system, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of the ceragenin CSA-13 against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and Xen5). Additionally, the biodistribution and bactericidal activity of a CSA-13-IRDye 800CW derivate were assessed using an animal model of peritoneal infection after PAO1 challenge. In cell culture, CSA-13 bactericidal activities against PAO1 and Xen5 were higher than the activities of the human cathelicidin peptide LL-37. Increased CSA-13 activity was observed in polarized human lung epithelial cell cultures subjected to butyric acid treatment, which is known to increase endogenous LL-37 production. Eight hours after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, the greatest CSA-13-IRDye 800CW accumulation was observed in mouse liver and kidneys. CSA-13-IRDye 800CW administration resulted in decreased bacterial outgrowth from abdominal fluid collected from animals subjected to intraperitoneal PAO1 infection. These observations indicate that CSA-13 may synergistically interact with antibacterial factors that are naturally present at mucosal surfaces and it maintains its antibacterial activity in the infected abdominal cavity. Cationic lipids such as CSA-13 represent excellent candidates for the development of new antibacterial compounds.
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Wang J, Liu S, Li H, Sun J, Zhang S, Xu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Miao L. A review of rodent models of peritoneal dialysis and its complications. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 47:209-15. [PMID: 25425436 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the available rodent models of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that have been developed over the past 20 years and the complications associated with their use. Although there are several methods used in different studies, the focus of this article is not to review or provide detailed summaries of these methods. Rather, this article reviews the most common methods of establishing a dialysis model in rodents, the assays used to observe function of the peritoneum in dialysis, and how these models are adapted to study peritonitis and peritoneal fibrosis. We compared the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, which should be helpful in studies of PD and may provide valuable data for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218, Nanguan District, Changchun, China
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