1
|
Lanzafame M, Lattuada E, Luise D, Delama A, Fait D, Vento S. Short Cycle, Intermittent Therapy: A Valuable Option in Selected, Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:69-72. [PMID: 37551977 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of long-acting antiretroviral regimens will not be suitable for all people living with HIV for various reasons (previous virological failure with drugs of the same class, side effects, logistic difficulties, and costs). We think that short-cycle therapies could represent a feasible and valuable option for antiretroviral treatment optimization in selected individuals. So here we review clinical evidence about efficacy of short-cycle therapy in suppressed HIV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Lanzafame
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Area, "Santa Chiara" Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Lattuada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Specialist Department, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Dora Luise
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of medical Area, "San Bortolo" Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Delama
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Area, "Santa Chiara" Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniela Fait
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Area, "Santa Chiara" Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Sandro Vento
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palich R, Saliba S, Landowski S, Abdi B, Valantin MA, Mahrez R, Katlama C, de Truchis P. Intermittent doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF) maintains a high level of viral suppression in virologically suppressed people living with HIV. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104736. [PMID: 37321402 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF) given 5 or 4 days a week was able to maintain viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS In this observational, retrospective study, we included all PLHIVs who had received intermittent DOR/3TC/TDF between 10/01/2019 and 01/31/2021, in two French hospitals. RESULTS Forty-three PLHIVs were included, median (IQR) age: 52 years (48-58), ART duration: 15 years (8-23), duration of virological suppression: 6 years (2-10). Median follow-up was 78 weeks (IQR 62-97). One virological failure (VF) occurred at W38 (HIV-RNA = 61 and 76 copies/mL), in a patient with no viral resistance at baseline or at time of VF, and during the study period five individuals discontinued DOR/3TC/TDF due to adverse events. There were no significant changes during follow-up in the CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, body weight or residual viremia rate. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the potential for intermittent DOR/3TC/TDF to maintain virological control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Palich
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Paris, France.
| | - Sanaa Saliba
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Landowski
- Paris-Saclay University, Infectious Diseases Department, Raymond Poincare Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Basma Abdi
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Paris, France
| | - Rezak Mahrez
- Paris-Saclay University, Infectious Diseases Department, Raymond Poincare Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Paris, France
| | - Pierre de Truchis
- Paris-Saclay University, Infectious Diseases Department, Raymond Poincare Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lambert-Niclot S, Abdi B, Bellet J, Fofana D, De Truchis P, Amat K, Alvarez JC, Surgers L, Allavena C, Zaegell-Faucher O, Morlat P, Palich R, Gibowski S, Costagliola D, Girard PM, Landman R, Assoumou L, Morand-Joubert L. Four days/week antiretroviral maintenance strategy (ANRS 170 QUATUOR): substudies of reservoirs and ultrasensitive drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7146011. [PMID: 37104815 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a 4 days/week (4/7 days) maintenance strategy (ANRS-170 QUATUOR trial), the virological impact of an intermittent strategy was assessed by ultrasensitive virological analyses of reservoirs and resistance. METHODS HIV-1 total DNA, ultra-sensitive plasma viral load (USpVL) and semen VL were measured in the first 121 participants. Sanger and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) were performed on the HIV-1 genome (Illumina technology) according to the ANRS consensus. A generalized estimation equation with a Poisson distribution was used to compare changes in the proportion of residual viraemia, detectable semen HIV RNA and HIV DNA within and between the two groups over time. RESULTS The proportion of participants with residual viraemia at Day 0 (D0) and Week 48 (W48) was 16.7% and 25.0% in the 4/7 days group and 22.4% and 29.7% in the 7/7 days group, respectively (+8.3% versus +7.3%, P = 0.971). The proportion of detectable DNA (>40 copies/106 cells) at D0 and W48 was 53.7% and 57.4% in the 4/7 days group and 56.1% and 51.8% in the 7/7 days group, respectively (+3.7% versus -4.3%, P = 0.358). Semen HIV RNA was detectable (≥100 copies/mL) in 2.2% of participants at D0 and 4.5% at W48 in the 4/7 days group versus 6.1% and 9.1% in the 7/7 days group, respectively (+2.3% versus +3.0%, P = 0.743). Emerging resistance at failure was more frequent in the 4/7 days group detected by Sanger sequencing: 3/6 participants versus 1/4 in the 7/7 days group, and similar with the UDS assay: 5/6 versus 4/4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potency of a 4/7 days maintenance strategy on virological suppression at the reservoirs and emergent resistance level, including minority variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Lambert-Niclot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Basma Abdi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Virology Department, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Bellet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
| | - Djeneba Fofana
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre De Truchis
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré APHP, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Infectious Diseases Department, Garches, France
| | - Karine Amat
- Institut de Médecine et Epidémiologie Appliquée, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Département de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital R Poincaré APHP, Inserm U-1173, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Garches, France
| | - Laure Surgers
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
- GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivia Zaegell-Faucher
- CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Infectious Diseases Department, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Morlat
- Hôpital Saint André, Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, CHU, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Palich
- AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, France
| | | | - Dominique Costagliola
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Roland Landman
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Morand-Joubert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Cedex 12, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sellem B, Abdi B, Lê M, Tubiana R, Valantin MA, Seang S, Schneider L, Fayçal A, Peytavin G, Soulié C, Marcelin AG, Katlama C, Pourcher V, Palich R. Intermittent Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Treatment Maintains High Level of Viral Suppression in Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040583. [PMID: 37108969 PMCID: PMC10145141 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate whether bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) administered 5 or 4 days a week is able to maintain viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLHIV). We enrolled 85 patients who initiated intermittent B/F/TAF between 28 November 2018 and 30 July 2020: median (IQR) age 52 years (46–59), duration of virological suppression 9 years (3–13), CD4 633/mm3 (461–781). Median follow-up was 101 weeks (82–111). The virological success rate (no virological failure [VF]: confirmed plasma viral load [pVL] ≥ 50 copies/mL, or single pVL ≥ 200 copies/mL, or ≥50 copies/mL with ART change) was 100% (95%CI 95.8–100) and the strategy success rate (pVL < 50 copies/mL with no ART regimen change) was 92.9% (95%CI 85.3–97.4) at W48. Two VF occurred at W49 and W70, in 2 patients self-reporting poor compliance. No resistance mutation emerged at time of VF. Eight patients presented strategy discontinuation for adverse events. There was no significant change in the CD4 count, residual viraemia rate, neither body weight during follow-up, but a slight increase in CD4/CD8 ratio (p = 0.02). In conclusion, our findings suggest that B/F/TAF administered 5 or 4 days a week could maintain the control of HIV replication in virologically suppressed PLHIV while reducing cumulative exposition of ART.
Collapse
|
5
|
Petit C. D’un protocole de soin au succès d’un essai clinique. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:707-713. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Les innovations pour traiter l’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) n’ont pas cessé depuis les premières monothérapies et, en 1996, les premières trithérapies. L’une d’elles vient d’être validée par l’essai ANRS QUATUOR. Elle consiste à prendre deux fois moins de médicaments, en rendant le traitement intermittent. À la demande des patients non adhérents à sa prescription standard, Jacques Leibowitch a encadré cette pratique dès 2002, en s’appuyant sur une étude transgressant le dogme de l’adhésion stricte au traitement quotidien. Ce concept de traitement à temps partiel provenait des travaux du groupe d’Anthony Fauci, mais il le revisitera pour le pousser à son apogée avec la cohorte Iccarre. Son intention strictement thérapeutique s’inscrivit initialement dans le cadre du protocole de soin Iccarre qui, en 2020, comptait 96 patients, majoritairement en réduction médicamenteuse de 70 % grâce à l’ultra-intermittence thérapeutique. Il a posé les bases de l’essai contrôlé QUATUOR dont le résultat, récemment publié, montre la non infériorité des traitements intermittents à 4 jours/7 de médicaments par rapport au traitement standard.
Collapse
|
6
|
Forgiveness of an intermittent HIV treatment strategy. THE LANCET HIV 2022; 9:e68-e69. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Landman R, de Truchis P, Assoumou L, Lambert S, Bellet J, Amat K, Lefebvre B, Allavena C, Katlama C, Yazdanpanah Y, Molina JM, Petrov-Sanchez V, Gibowski S, Alvarez JC, Leibowitch J, Capeau J, Fellahi S, Duracinsky M, Morand-Joubert L, Costagliola D, Alvarez JC, Girard PM, LAMAURY I, BANI-SADR F, FORCE G, CHABROL A, CABY F, PATEY O, FRESARD A, GAGNEUX-BRUNON A, CHIROUZE C, DUVIVIER C, LOURENCO J, TOLSMA V, JANSSEN C, LEROLLE N, CATALAN P, RAMI A, DE PONTHAUD L, PICHANCOURT G, NASRI S, LANDOWSKI S, BOTTERO J, MFUTILA KAYKAY F, PIALOUX G, BOUCHAUD O, ABGRALL S, GATEY C, WEISS L, PAVIE J, SALMON-CERON D, ZUCMAN D, LELIEVRE JD, PALICH R, SIMON A, MEYOHAS MC, GRAS J, CABIE A, PIRCHER M, MORLAT P, HESSAMFAR M, NEAU D, CAZENAVE C, GENET C, FAUCHER JF, MAKHLOUFI D, BOIBIEUX A, BREGIGEON-RONOT S, LAROCHE H, SAUTEREAU A, REYNES J, MAKINSON A, RAFFI F, BOLLENGIER-STRAGIER O, NAQVI A, CUA E, ROSENTHAL E, ARVIEUX C, BUZELE R, REY D, BATARD ML, BERNARD L, DELOBEL P, PIFFAUT M, VERDON R, PIROTH L, BLOT M, LECLERCQ P, SIGNORI-SCHMUCK A, HULEUX T, MEYBECK A, MAY T, MIAILHES P, PERPOINT T, GREDER-BELAN A, ELHARRAR B, KHUONG MA, POUPARD M, BLUM L, MICHAU C, PRAZUCK T, PHILIBERT P, SLAMA L, HIKOMBO H, DARASTEANU I, GIRARD PM, ALVAREZ JC, MATHEZ D, DE TRUCHIS P, LANDMAN R, MEYNARD JL, MORAND-JOUBERT L, LAMBERT S, LE DU D, PERRONNE C, ASSOUMOU L, COSTAGLIOLA D, MELCHIOR JC, DURACINSKI M, PETROV-SANCHEZ V, AMAT K, BENALYCHERIF A, SYLLA B, GELLEY A, GIBOWSKI S, LE MEUT G, THIEBAUT R, CLUMECK N, LECLERCQ V, CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN F, DECOSTER L, LAMAURY I, BANI-SADR F, FORCE G, CHABROL A, CABY F, PATEY O, FRESARD A, GAGNEUX-BRUNON A, CHIROUZE C, DUVIVIER C, LOURENCO J, TOLSMA V, JANSSEN C, LEROLLE N, CATALAN P, RAMI A, DE PONTHAUD L, PICHANCOURT G, NASRI S, LANDOWSKI S, BOTTERO J, MFUTILA KAYKAY F, PIALOUX G, BOUCHAUD O, ABGRALL S, GATEY C, WEISS L, PAVIE J, SALMON-CERON D, ZUCMAN D, LELIEVRE JD, PALICH R, SIMON A, MEYOHAS MC, GRAS J, CABIE A, PIRCHER M, MORLAT P, HESSAMFAR M, NEAU D, CAZENAVE C, GENET C, FAUCHER JF, MAKHLOUFI D, BOIBIEUX A, BREGIGEON-RONOT S, LAROCHE H, SAUTEREAU A, REYNES J, MAKINSON A, RAFFI F, BOLLENGIER-STRAGIER O, NAQVI A, CUA E, ROSENTHAL E, ARVIEUX C, BUZELE R, REY D, BATARD ML, BERNARD L, DELOBEL P, PIFFAUT M, VERDON R, PIROTH L, BLOT M, LECLERCQ P, SIGNORI-SCHMUCK A, HULEUX T, MEYBECK A, MAY T, MIAILHES P, PERPOINT T, GREDER-BELAN A, ELHARRAR B, KHUONG MA, POUPARD M, BLUM L, MICHAU C, PRAZUCK T, PHILIBERT P, SLAMA L, HIKOMBO H, DARASTEANU I, GIRARD PM, ALVAREZ JC, MATHEZ D, DE TRUCHIS P, LANDMAN R, MEYNARD JL, MORAND-JOUBERT L, LAMBERT S, LE DU D, PERRONNE C, ASSOUMOU L, COSTAGLIOLA D, MELCHIOR JC, DURACINSKI M, PETROV-SANCHEZ V, AMAT K, BENALYCHERIF A, SYLLA B, GELLEY A, GIBOWSKI S, LE MEUT G, THIEBAUT R, CLUMECK N, LECLERCQ V, CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN F, DECOSTER L. A 4-days-on and 3-days-off maintenance treatment strategy for adults with HIV-1 (ANRS 170 QUATUOR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, parallel, non-inferiority trial. THE LANCET HIV 2022; 9:e79-e90. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
8
|
Luise D, Lattuada E, Rizzardo S, Nicolè S, Lambertenghi L, Coledan I, Gambino S, Gottardo R, Lanzafame M, Vento S. Short-cycle therapy in HIV-infected adults: rilpivirine combination 4 days on/3 days off therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:747-752. [PMID: 34849955 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-cycle therapy (SCT) is the administration of ART for 4 or 5 consecutive days a week, followed by 3 or 2 days off therapy. Its benefits include improving patient satisfaction and reducing ART toxicity and costs. METHODS In this observational study we included HIV-infected adults with a three-drug ART containing rilpivirine, a history of long-term virological suppression and no evidence of resistance to previous drug regimens. Patients switched to a SCT of 4 days on/3 days off and were followed for 48 weeks with regular check-ups. The primary outcome was virological suppression; secondary outcomes were changes in CD4+ cells and rilpivirine plasma concentration, the occurrence of adverse events and resistance in the case of failure, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS At week 48 no virological failure was observed, with a virological suppression rate of 30/30 (100%). Three patients switched back to continuous therapy for other reasons, with an overall success rate of SCT of 30/33 (90.9%, 95% CI = 81.24% to 100%). The CD4+ mean value increased by +64 cells/mm3 (95% CI = -59 to +187 cells/mm3; P = 0.052). No adverse events were observed and the mean total score in the satisfaction questionnaire was 57.7/60 (96.22%). Rilpivirine plasma concentration was below the efficacy threshold in 71.3% of the samples, suggesting that the patients' characteristics, more than the drug's pharmacokinetics, played a role in maintaining virological suppression. CONCLUSIONS SCT with rilpivirine-containing regimens could be an effective alternative to continuous therapy in selected HIV-infected patients with previous long-term virological suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Luise
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Lattuada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Rizzardo
- Infectious Diseases Section, Internal Medicine Unit, Rovereto Hospital, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicolè
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lambertenghi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Coledan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rovigo Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Silvia Gambino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rossella Gottardo
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Vento
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saint-Lary L, Diallo A, de Monteynard LA, Paul C, Marchand L, Tubiana R, Warszawski J, Mandelbrot L, Rekacewicz C, Petrov-Sanchez V, Faye A, Sibiude J, Dabis F, Sommet A, Leroy V. In utero exposure to antiretroviral drugs and pregnancy outcomes: Analysis of the French ANRS pharmacovigilance database. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:942-964. [PMID: 34505718 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In 2018, 1.07 million pregnant women received antiretroviral drugs, raising whether this affects pregnancy outcomes. We assessed the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with prenatal antiretroviral drug exposure, notified to the French ANRS pharmacovigilance system. METHODS An exhaustive case report series has been performed using the ANRS pharmacovigilance database. All ANRS-sponsored HIV clinical research studies using antiretroviral drugs either in pregnant women or women of childbearing age were eligible from 2004 to 2019. We analysed the following pregnancy outcomes: abortion, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, prematurity (<37 weeks of gestational age), low birth weight (<2500 g) and congenital abnormalities. A logistic regression was performed to assess the odds ratio (OR) for each outcome separately (if occurrence >50) compared to the outcome observed when exposed to non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen as the reference. RESULTS Among the 34 studies selected, 918 deliveries occurred, of whom 88% had pregnancy outcomes documented. Pregnant women were mainly exposed to PI (n = 387, 48.6%), NNRTI (n = 331, 41.5%) and INI-based combinations (n = 40, 5.0%, 18 on dolutegravir). Compared to NNRTI-based combinations, there was no significant association observed with exposure to other antiretroviral combination for spontaneous abortion, prematurity or low birth weight, except an increased risk of low birth weight in new-born exposed to exclusive nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor (NRTI) combinations (n = 4; OR 7.50 [1.49-37.83]). CONCLUSIONS Our study, mainly based on protease inhibitor (PI) and NNRTI-based regimens, is overall reassuring on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for NRTI which should be interpreted cautiously (small number, indication bias). In this study, the number of integrase inhibitor (INI)-based combinations was too low to draw any conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saint-Lary
- CERPOP, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alpha Diallo
- Clinical Trial Safety and Public Health, ANRS, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Christelle Paul
- Clinical Trial Safety and Public Health, ANRS, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Lucie Marchand
- Clinical and Therapeutic Research on HIV and Hepatitis Unit, ANRS, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière Infectious and Tropical Diseases Service, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR-1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Josiane Warszawski
- Hospital Louis-Mourier, Obstetrics-Gynecology Department, Colombes CESP, Inserm U1018 Université Paris Diderot Risks in Pregnancy University Department, Colombes, Île-de-France, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Hospital Louis-Mourier, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Iame-U1137, Université Paris-Diderot, Colombes, Île-de-France, France
| | - Claire Rekacewicz
- International Research and Collaboration Unit, ANRS, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Albert Faye
- Robert-Debré Mother-Child University Hospital Division of Paediatric Medicine, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U1123, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Maternité Port-Royal, Département Hospitalier Universitaire Risques et Grossesse, Inserm U1018, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - François Dabis
- Clinical Trial Safety and Public Health, ANRS, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Sommet
- CERPOP, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France.,Service de pharmacologie clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - Valériane Leroy
- CERPOP, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palich R, Abdi B, Wirden M, Lourida G, Tubiana R, Faycal A, Valantin MA, Schneider L, Seang S, Agher R, Simon A, Soulie C, Le MP, Peytavin G, Calvez V, Marcelin AG, Katlama C. Intermittent two-drug antiretroviral therapies maintain long-term viral suppression in real life in highly experienced HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1893-1897. [PMID: 33855355 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess in real life whether two-drug regimens (2-DRs) given 4-5 days a week in virally suppressed patients can maintain viral suppression over 48 and 96 weeks. METHODS This observational single-centre study enrolled all patients who initiated an intermittent 2-DR between 01/01/2016 and 30/06/2019. The primary outcome was the rate of virological failure (VF), defined as confirmed plasma viral load (pVL) ≥50 copies/mL or single pVL ≥50 copies/mL followed by ART change at week 48 (W48) and W96. Secondary outcomes were the 2-DR intermittent strategy success rate (pVL <50 copies/mL with no ART change), change in CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio and rate of residual viraemia. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included; 67/85 (79%) were men, median age = 57 years (IQR = 50-63), CD4 nadir = 233 cells/mm3 (110-327), ART duration = 21 years (13-24), duration of virological suppression = 6.5 years (3.7-10.8) and CD4 count = 658 cells/mm3 (519-867). Intermittent 2-DRs consisted of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)/NNRTI (58%), INSTI/NRTI (13%), two NRTIs (11%), PI/NRTI (7%) and other combinations (11%). The median follow-up was 90 weeks (IQR = 64-111). Overall, four VFs occurred, leading to a virological success rate of 98.8% (95% CI = 93.6-100) at W48 and 95.3% (95% CI = 88.4-98.7) at W96. Resuming the same 2-DR 7 days a week led to viral resuppression in three patients, whereas the M184V mutation emerged in one patient, leading to ART modification. There was no significant change in the CD4 count or residual viraemia rate, but a small increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.009) occurred over the study period. CONCLUSIONS This observational study shows the potential for intermittent 2-DRs to maintain a high virological success rate, which should be assessed in larger prospective randomized studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Palich
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Basma Abdi
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Marc Wirden
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Giota Lourida
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Faycal
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Luminita Schneider
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Seang
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Rachid Agher
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Anne Simon
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Cathia Soulie
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Minh-Patrick Le
- Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, AP-HP, INSERM, UMRS 1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, AP-HP, IAME, INSERM, UMRS 1137, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne University, Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calin R, Landowski S, Valantin MA, Tubiana R, Palich R, Agher R, Marcou M, Blanc C, Katlama C, de Truchis P. Efficacy of intermittent short cycles of integrase inhibitor-based maintenance ART in virologically suppressed HIV patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1321-1323. [PMID: 31977046 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that NNRTI/PI-based triple therapy could be safely administered as a 4 days (4D) or 5 days (5D) a week maintenance strategy. We report here our experience of using an integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based 4D/5D regimen in virologically suppressed HIV patients. METHODS This cohort study enrolled adult patients on ART with viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL for >1 year, who switched to an INSTI-based triple regimen given 4D/5D a week. The primary endpoint was the virological efficacy rate at Week (W) 48, with virological failure defined as confirmed VL ≥50 copies/mL. RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included (n = 28 for 4D, n = 45 for 5D): 54 men (74%), median (IQR) age 51 (45-57) years, ART duration 10 (6-18) years and duration of viral suppression 5 (2-9) years at baseline. As of 25 March 2019, the median follow-up was 21 (14-35) months, with a total of 161 patient-years of follow-up; all patients had reached the W24 visit, 66 (90%) W48 and 34 (47%) W96. Four patients discontinued the strategy: virological failure (n = 2) at W60 and W67, respectively, switch for renal toxicity (n = 1) at W28 and switch to rilpivirine/dolutegravir (n = 1) at W65. Overall the rate of virological success (95% CI) was 100% (94%-100%) at W24 and W48 and 93.7% (79.8%-98.2%) at W96. CONCLUSIONS While waiting for the final results of the large randomized QUATUOR ANRS-170 study, our real-life results suggest that the use of an intermittent maintenance triple-drug regimen given as a weekend (2 or 3 days) off is as effective with an INSTI-based regimen as with a PI or an NNRTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Calin
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, GHUEP, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Landowski
- AP-HP, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Garches France, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Versailles, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Palich
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Rachid Agher
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Marcou
- AP-HP, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Garches France, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Versailles, France
| | - Christine Blanc
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Paris, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre de Truchis
- AP-HP, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Garches France, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Charpentier C, Peytavin G, Raffi F, Burdet C, Landman R, Lê MP, Katlama C, Collin G, Benalycherif A, Cabie A, Mentré F, Yazdanpanah Y, Descamps D, Joly V. Pharmacovirological analyses of blood and male genital compartment in patients receiving dolutegravir + lamivudine dual therapy as a switch strategy (ANRS 167 LAMIDOL trial). J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1611-1617. [PMID: 32091102 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe plasma residual HIV viraemia, cellular HIV reservoir size, blood plasma drug concentrations and their male genital tract penetration during the maintenance dual therapy dolutegravir + lamivudine. PATIENTS AND METHODS ANRS167 LAMIDOL enrolled 104 virologically suppressed patients to switch to dolutegravir + lamivudine. In this pharmacovirological substudy, ultrasensitive plasma viral load (USpVL) and plasma drug concentrations were measured at Day 0 (D0), Week 24 (W24) and W48 of dolutegravir + lamivudine, and HIV-DNA was measured at W-8 and W48. Semen samples were collected at D0 and W24 from 18 participants. Total and unbound blood and seminal plasma drug concentrations were measured using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Median HIV-DNA was 2.5 log10 copies/106 PBMC (IQR = 2.2-3.0, n = 100) at W-8 and 2.4 log10 copies/106 PBMC (IQR = 2.1-2.9, n = 100) at W48 (P = 0.17). The proportion of patients with undetected USpVL was 38% (n = 98), 43% (n = 98) and 49% (n = 97) at D0, W24 and W48, respectively (P = 0.08). Total and unbound plasma dolutegravir concentrations were stable between timepoints (P = 0.13) and all total plasma dolutegravir concentrations except one were adequate. Median free fraction of dolutegravir in plasma was 0.21%. Median blood plasma and seminal plasma concentrations of total dolutegravir at 24 h were 1812 ng/mL and 206 ng/mL, respectively. Median seminal plasma/blood plasma total concentration ratios were 11.6% and 2478% for dolutegravir and lamivudine, respectively. HIV-RNA (365 to 475 copies/mL) was detected in seminal plasma of one patient at D0 (5.9%) and of two patients at W24 (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS These findings add further important information regarding the effectiveness of dolutegravir + lamivudine maintenance dual therapy in terms of plasma residual viraemia, cellular reservoir size and drug penetration in the male genital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Charpentier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - François Raffi
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu and INSERM UIC 1413 Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Burdet
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Département d'épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Roland Landman
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Minh P Lê
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Collin
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | - André Cabie
- Université des Antilles and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - France Mentré
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Département d'épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Joly
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Younas M, Psomas C, Reynes C, Cezar R, Kundura L, Portalès P, Merle C, Atoui N, Fernandez C, Le Moing V, Barbuat C, Sotto A, Sabatier R, Winter A, Fabbro P, Vincent T, Reynes J, Corbeau P. Residual Viremia Is Linked to a Specific Immune Activation Profile in HIV-1-Infected Adults Under Efficient Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663843. [PMID: 33859653 PMCID: PMC8042152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation persists in persons living with HIV-1 even though they are aviremic under antiretroviral therapy, and fuels comorbidities. In previous studies, we have revealed that virologic responders present distinct profiles of immune activation, and that one of these profiles is related to microbial translocation. In the present work, we tested in 140 HIV-1-infected adults under efficient treatment for a mean duration of eight years whether low-level viremia might be another cause of immune activation. We observed that the frequency of viremia between 1 and 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (39.5 ± 24.7% versus 21.1 ± 22.5%, p = 0.033) and transient viremia above 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (15.1 ± 16.9% versus 3.3 ± 7.2%, p = 0.005) over the 2 last years was higher in patients with one profile of immune activation, Profile E, than in the other patients. Profile E, which is different from the profile related to microbial translocation with frequent CD38+ CD8+ T cells, is characterized by a high level of CD4+ T cell (cell surface expression of CD38), monocyte (plasma concentration of soluble CD14), and endothelium (plasma concentration of soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor) activation, whereas the other profiles presented low CD4:CD8 ratio, elevated proportions of central memory CD8+ T cells or HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells, respectively. Our data reinforce the hypothesis that various etiological factors shape the form of the immune activation in virologic responders, resulting in specific profiles. Given the type of immune activation of Profile E, a potential causal link between low-level viremia and atherosclerosis should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Psomas
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Reynes
- Institute for Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Lucy Kundura
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Portalès
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Merle
- Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Atoui
- Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Fernandez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Le Moing
- Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRD UMI 233, INSERM U1175, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Barbuat
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Robert Sabatier
- Institute for Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Winter
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Fabbro
- Medical Informatics Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Thierry Vincent
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Infectious Diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRD UMI 233, INSERM U1175, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute for Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Immunology Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mulato A, Acosta R, Chang S, Martin R, Yant SR, Cihlar T, White K. Simulating HIV Breakthrough and Resistance Development During Variable Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:369-377. [PMID: 33196554 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barriers to lifelong HIV-1 suppression by antiretrovirals include poor adherence and drug resistance; regimens with higher tolerance to missed doses (forgiveness) would be beneficial to patients. To model short-term nonadherence, in vitro experiments monitoring viral breakthrough (VB) and resistance development were conducted. METHODS HIV breakthrough experiments simulated drug exposures at full adherence or suboptimal adherence to bictegravir+emtricitabine+tenofovir alafenamide (BIC+FTC+TAF) or dolutegravir + lamivudine (DTG+3TC). MT-2 cells were infected with wild-type or low frequency M184V HIV-1, exposed to drug combinations, monitored for VB, and rebound virus was deep sequenced. Drug concentrations were determined using human plasma-free adjusted clinical trough concentrations (Cmin), at simulated Cmin after missing 1 to 3 consecutive doses (Cmin - 1 or Cmin - 2, and Cmin - 3) based on drug or active metabolite half-lives. RESULTS Cultures infected with wild-type or low frequency M184V HIV-1 showed no VB with BIC+FTC+TAF at drug concentrations corresponding to Cmin, Cmin - 1, or Cmin - 2 but breakthrough did occur in 26 of 36 cultures at Cmin - 3, where the M184V variant emerged in one culture. Experiments using DTG + 3TC prevented most breakthrough at Cmin concentrations (9/60 had breakthrough) but showed more breakthroughs as drug concentrations decreased (up to 36/36) and variants associated with resistance to both drugs emerged in some cases. CONCLUSIONS These in vitro VB results suggest that the high potency, long half-lives, and antiviral synergy provided by the BIC/FTC/TAF triple therapy regimen may protect from viral rebound and resistance development after short-term lapses in drug adherence.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Chen R, Shen Y, Wei H, Wang X, Zhang R, Hu Z, Xie R, Huang Q, Wang J, Liu L, Qi T, Wang Z, Song W, Tang Y, Sun J, Lu H. Efficacy and safety of lower dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and efavirenz versus standard dose in HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive adults: a multicentre, randomized, noninferiority trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:843-850. [PMID: 32267205 PMCID: PMC7241516 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1752609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced doses of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs may lower toxicity while preserving efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced doses of both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and efavirenz for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. In this open-label, non-inferiority trial, HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naive adults were randomly assigned to receive either a lower dose anti-retroviral regimen comprised of TDF (200 mg), efavirenz (400 mg), and standard dose lamivudine (300 mg) or the standard dose regimen. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA≤ 50 copies/mL at week 48 using a non-inferiority margin of –10%. At week 48, 79 of 92 (85.9%) participants in the lower dose regimen group and 78 of 92 (84.8%) in the standard dose regimen group achieved HIV-1 RNA≤ 50 copies/mL (treatment difference 1.1%, 95% CI −9.1 to 11.3) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Drug-related adverse events occurred more frequently in the participants receiving the standard dose regimen compared with the lower dose one (63.0% vs 80.4%). Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate and bone mineral density were comparable between the two groups. The non-inferior efficacy and better safety profile of the lower dose ARV regimen support its use as alternative initial therapy for HIV-1 infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Xie
- Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abe E, Assoumou L, de Truchis P, Amat K, Gibowski S, Gras G, Bellet J, Saillard J, Katlama C, Costagliola D, Girard PM, Landman R, Alvarez JC. Pharmacological data of a successful 4-days-a-week regimen in HIV antiretroviral therapy (ANRS 162-4D trial). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1930-1939. [PMID: 33010058 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few data are available on plasma concentrations of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) during intermittent treatment. OBJECTIVE To compare plasma concentrations in OFF vs ON treatment periods at several time points during treatment. METHODS During a successful 48-week multicenter study (ANRS 162-4D trial) of 4 days with treatment (ON) followed by 3 days without treatment (OFF) in adults treated by two nucleoside analogues and a third agent belonging to a boosted protease-inhibitor (PI, darunavir [DRV], atazanavir [ATV], lopinavir [LPV]) or a non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, efavirenz [EFV], etravirine [ETR], rilpivirine [RPV]) conducted in 100 patients (96% success), we determined the plasma concentrations of ARV. Blood samples were collected for analysis at inclusion (W0, 7/7 strategy for all patients), W16 and W40 (ON) and at W4, W8, W12, W24, W32 and W48 (OFF). RESULTS A total of 866 samples was analysed. Plasma concentrations were not statistically lower after 4 days (ON) vs 7/7 days of treatment except for RPV (-30 ng/mL at 4/7, P = 0.003). Significant lower plasma concentrations were observed for OFF vs ON except for ETR (n = 5, P = 0.062). Overall, 87.1% of ON concentrations (ATV 92.1%, DRV 51.1%, LPV 62.5%, EFV 94.4%, ETR 100% and RPV 94.9%) and 21.8% of OFF concentrations (ATV 1.4%, DRV 0.0%, LPV 0.0%, EFV 16.0%, ETR 92.6% and RPV 39.0%) were above the theoretical limit of efficacy of the molecule. In the OFF period, 85.8% of PI concentrations were under the limit of quantification, while 98.0% of NNRTI concentrations were quantifiable. CONCLUSION Despite low/undetectable PI/NNRTI plasma concentrations in the OFF period, patients maintained an undetectable viral load. The mechanistic explanation should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emuri Abe
- Département de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, APHP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, MasSpecLab, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, Inserm U-1173, Université Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines, Garches, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pierre de Truchis
- Département d'Infectiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, APHP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré Garches, Garches, France
| | - Karine Amat
- Institut de Médecine et Epidémiologie Appliquée, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Gras
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Jonathan Bellet
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Christine Katlama
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.,Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.,ANRS, France Recherche Nord & Sud SIDA-HIV hépatites, Paris, France.,Service Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Roland Landman
- Institut de Médecine et Epidémiologie Appliquée, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris 7, Paris, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, IAME, UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Département de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, APHP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, MasSpecLab, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, Inserm U-1173, Université Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines, Garches, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Exploration of Reduced Doses and Short-Cycle Therapy for Darunavir/Cobicistat in Patients with HIV Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 60:177-189. [PMID: 32696441 PMCID: PMC7862523 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Protease inhibitors such as darunavir are an important therapeutic option in the anti-human immunodeficiency virus arsenal. Current dosage guidelines recommend using cobicistat- or ritonavir-boosted darunavir 800 mg every 24 h (q24h) in protease inhibitor-naïve patients, or ritonavir-boosted darunavir 600 mg q12h in experienced patients. However, darunavir displays a large, poorly characterized, inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics of darunavir and to elucidate the sources of its inter-individual variability using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Then, to determine the appropriateness of current treatment guidelines and the feasibility of alternative dosing regimens in a representative cohort of adult patients using simulations. METHODS Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were collected in 127 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, then supplemented with rich sampling data from a subset of 12 individuals. Data were analyzed using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling software NONMEM. The effect of reduced doses (600 mg q24h and 400 mg q24h) or reduced frequency of administration (800 mg q24h for 5 days followed by 2 days of treatment interruption) was simulated. RESULTS Our model adequately described the pharmacokinetics of darunavir. Predictors of individual exposure were CYP3A5*3 and SLCO3A1 rs8027174 genotypes, sex, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level. No relationship was apparent between darunavir area under the curve and treatment efficacy or safety. For reduced dose regimens, darunavir concentrations remained above the protein binding-corrected EC50 in the majority of subjects. More stringent pharmacokinetic targets were not reached in a significant proportion of patients. CONCLUSIONS These results add to the growing body of evidence that darunavir-based therapy could be simplified to reduce costs and toxicity, as well as to improve patient compliance. However, the heterogeneity in pharmacokinetic response should be considered when assessing whether individual patients could benefit from a particular regimen, for instance through the use of population pharmacokinetic models. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03101644, date of registration: 5 April, 2017.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liduenha Vilas Boas V, Esteves de Oliveira Almeida L, Jardim Loures R, Coutinho Lopes Moura L, Moura MDA. Estratégias e barreiras na aderência a terapia antirretroviral. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2018.v44.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O principal objetivo do monitoramento de adesão a terapia antirretroviral (TARV) é manter os portadores do Vírus da Imunodefi ciência Humana (HIV) com carga viral indetectável. A adesão do paciente à TARV é um processo dinâmico, multifatorial que requer decisões compartilhadas e corresponsabilizadas entre ousuário do serviço, a equipe de saúde e a rede social de apoio, visando atender às singularidades socioculturais, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HIV. Existem vários nos métodos de avaliação da aderência disponíveis, com diferentes implicações para as práticas clínicas e de pesquisa, porém não está defi nido um método padrão-ouro. Tendo em vista que a efetividade da terapia depende diretamente do engajamento dos pacientes, o estudo visa expor, mediante revisão de literatura, as principais barreiras encontradas nesse contexto e as diversas estratégias utilizadas na prática clínica para promover a adesão integral dos indivíduos portadores de HIV ao tratamento.
Collapse
|
19
|
Randomized clinical trial on efficacy of fixed-dose efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine on alternate days versus continuous treatment. AIDS 2019; 33:493-502. [PMID: 30702517 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiretrovirals with long half-lives, such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) and efavirenz (EFV), are suitable for reduced frequency dosing, with potential for improved adherence and reduced toxicity and costs. The objective of this study was to investigate the noninferiority of the TDF/FTC/EFV fixed-dose combination on alternate-days versus standard regimen in virologically suppressed patients. DESIGN A randomized-controlled open-label noninferiority trial enrolling HIV-1-infected patients treated for at least 6 months with TDF/FTC/EFV fixed-dose combination, virologically suppressed (<40 HIV-RNA copies/ml) with EFV plasma concentrations greater than 1000 ng/ml, were randomized to maintain TDF/FTC/EFV standard-of-care regimen (SOC, Arm A) or to switch to TDF/FTC/EFV on AlTernAte Days (ATAD, Arm B). METHODS Primary end-point was the proportion of patients with less than 40 HIV-RNA copies/ml at week 48. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-seven patients were randomized (98 in the SOC and 99 in the ATAD arm). One hundred and seventy-nine (90.3%) were men, median age 43.2 years, 133 (67.5%) MSM. CD4+ T-cell count at baseline was 706 cells/μl in SOC and 632 cells/μl in ATAD arm. At week 48, 95 (96.9%) patients in SOC and 93 (93.9%) in ATAD had a virological response (-3.0% overall risk difference, 95% CI: -8.86%/2.86%). Median change from baseline at week 48 in CD4+ T-cell count was 29.4 cells/μl (95% CI: 2.5/56.4) in SOC (P = 0.008) and 61.0 cells/μl (95% CI: 32.1/89.9) in ATAD (P < 0.001). Median change of EFV concentration at week 48 from baseline was -6.5 ng/ml (95% CI: -103/55) in SOC (P = 0.877) and -1124 ng/ml (95% CI: -1375/-928) in ATAD arm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite a significant decrease of EFV exposure, TDF/FTC/EFV on ATAD was noninferior to SOC regimen through 48 weeks.
Collapse
|