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Sibanda K, Ndayizigamiye P, Twinomurinzi H. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in healthcare: a thematic analysis and research agenda. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1377531. [PMID: 38919876 PMCID: PMC11196843 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1377531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the big data era, where corporations commodify health data, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) present a transformative avenue for patient empowerment and control. NFTs are unique digital assets on the blockchain, representing ownership of digital objects, including health data. By minting their data as NFTs, patients can track access, monetize its use, and build secure, private health information systems. However, research on NFTs in healthcare is in its infancy, warranting a comprehensive review. Methods This study conducted a systematic literature review and thematic analysis of NFTs in healthcare to identify use cases, design models, and key challenges. Five multidisciplinary research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore, Elsevier Science Direct) were searched. The approach involved four stages: paper collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria application, screening, full-text reading, and quality assessment. A classification and coding framework was employed. Thematic analysis followed six steps: data familiarization, initial code generation, theme searching, theme review, theme definition/naming, and report production. Results Analysis of 19 selected papers revealed three primary use cases: patient-centric data management, supply chain management for data provenance, and digital twin development. Notably, most solutions were prototypes or frameworks without real-world implementations. Four overarching themes emerged: data governance (ownership, tracking, privacy), data monetization (commercialization, incentivization, sharing), data protection, and data storage. The focus lies on user-controlled, private, and secure health data solutions. Additionally, data commodification is explored, with mechanisms proposed to incentivize data maintenance and sharing. NFTs are also suggested for tracking medical products in supply chains, ensuring data integrity and provenance. Ethereum and similar platforms dominate NFT minting, while compact NFT storage options are being explored for faster data access. Conclusion NFTs offer significant potential for secure, traceable, decentralized healthcare data exchange systems. However, challenges exist, including dependence on blockchain, interoperability issues, and associated costs. The review identified research gaps, such as developing dual ownership models and data pricing strategies. Building an open standard for interoperability and adoption is crucial. The scalability, security, and privacy of NFT-backed healthcare applications require further investigation. Thus, this study proposes a research agenda for adopting NFTs in healthcare, focusing on governance, storage models, and perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulekani Sibanda
- Department of Applied Information Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Ndayizigamiye
- Centre for Applied Data Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hossana Twinomurinzi
- Centre for Applied Data Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Oliva A, Kaphle A, Reguant R, Sng LMF, Twine NA, Malakar Y, Wickramarachchi A, Keller M, Ranbaduge T, Chan EKF, Breen J, Buckberry S, Guennewig B, Haas M, Brown A, Cowley MJ, Thorne N, Jain Y, Bauer DC. Future-proofing genomic data and consent management: a comprehensive review of technology innovations. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae021. [PMID: 38837943 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic information is increasingly used to inform medical treatments and manage future disease risks. However, any personal and societal gains must be carefully balanced against the risk to individuals contributing their genomic data. Expanding our understanding of actionable genomic insights requires researchers to access large global datasets to capture the complexity of genomic contribution to diseases. Similarly, clinicians need efficient access to a patient's genome as well as population-representative historical records for evidence-based decisions. Both researchers and clinicians hence rely on participants to consent to the use of their genomic data, which in turn requires trust in the professional and ethical handling of this information. Here, we review existing and emerging solutions for secure and effective genomic information management, including storage, encryption, consent, and authorization that are needed to build participant trust. We discuss recent innovations in cloud computing, quantum-computing-proof encryption, and self-sovereign identity. These innovations can augment key developments from within the genomics community, notably GA4GH Passports and the Crypt4GH file container standard. We also explore how decentralized storage as well as the digital consenting process can offer culturally acceptable processes to encourage data contributions from ethnic minorities. We conclude that the individual and their right for self-determination needs to be put at the center of any genomics framework, because only on an individual level can the received benefits be accurately balanced against the risk of exposing private information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Oliva
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anubhav Kaphle
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Roc Reguant
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Letitia M F Sng
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natalie A Twine
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yuwan Malakar
- Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Anuradha Wickramarachchi
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Marcel Keller
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 5/13 Garden St, Eveleigh NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Thilina Ranbaduge
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Building 101, Clunies Ross St, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Eva K F Chan
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, 1 Reserve Road, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sam Buckberry
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Boris Guennewig
- Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Matilda Haas
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Level 4, Lowy Cancer Research Centre Corner Botany & High Streets UNSW Kensington Campus UNSW Sydney, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Wallace Wurth Building (C27), Cnr High St & Botany St, UNSW Sydney, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natalie Thorne
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne 1G, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute/1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, 1G, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute/1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yatish Jain
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Level 3/160 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Applied BioSciences 205B Culloden Rd Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Denis C Bauer
- Applied BioSciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Applied BioSciences 205B Culloden Rd Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, MQ Health General Practice - Macquarie University, Suite 305, Level 3/2 Technology Pl, Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
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Schlieter H, Kählig M, Hickmann E, Fürstenau D, Sunyaev A, Richter P, Breitschwerdt R, Thielscher C, Gersch M, Maaß W, Reuter-Oppermann M, Wiese L. [Digital health applications (DiGA) in the area of tension between progress and criticism : Discussion paper from the "Digital health" specialist group of the German Informatics Society]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:107-114. [PMID: 38086924 PMCID: PMC10776708 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Since December 2019, digital health applications (DiGA) have been included in standard care in Germany and are therefore reimbursed by the statutory health insurance funds to support patients in the treatment of diseases or impairments. There are 48 registered DiGA listed in the directory of the Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), mainly in the areas of mental health; hormones and metabolism; and muscles, bones, and joints. In this article, the "Digital Health" specialist group of the German Informatics Society describes the current developments around DiGA as well as the current sentiment on topics such as user-centricity, patient and practitioner acceptance, and innovation potential. In summary, over the past three years, DiGA have experienced a positive development, characterized by a gradually increasing availability of various DiGA and coverage areas as well as prescription numbers. Nevertheless, significant regulatory adjustments are still required in some areas to establish DiGA as a well-established instrument in long-term routine healthcare. Key challenges include user-centeredness and the sustainable use of the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schlieter
- Forschungsgruppe Digital Health, Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Deutschland
| | - Maren Kählig
- Forschungsgruppe Digital Health, Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Deutschland.
| | - Emily Hickmann
- Forschungsgruppe Digital Health, Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Fürstenau
- Department of Business IT, IT University of Copenhagen, Kopenhagen, Dänemark
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ali Sunyaev
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik und Formale Beschreibungsverfahren, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland
| | - Peggy Richter
- Forschungsgruppe Digital Health, Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Breitschwerdt
- Professur für Wirtschaftsinformatik und Medizinische Informatik, Wilhelm Büchner Hochschule, Darmstadt, Hessen, Deutschland
| | - Christian Thielscher
- KompetenzCentrum für Medizinoekonomie, FOM Hochschule, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Gersch
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Maaß
- Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Wirtschaftsinformatik, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Universität Saarland, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland
| | - Melanie Reuter-Oppermann
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Niederlande
| | - Lena Wiese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Leader Research Group Bioinformatics, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland
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Basumatary B, Maurya PK, Verma MK. Mapping the Landscape of Indian Genomics Research: A Scientometric Analysis. Rejuvenation Res 2023. [PMID: 36943297 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientometric study aimed to provide state-of-the-art information on research growth and trends, areas of potential growth and development in genomics in India, and identify the key players (organizations or institutions, and funding agencies). It was found that the number of publications and citations related to genomics research has been steadily increasing over the years, indicating a growing interest and investment in the field as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research was the leading contributor to the field. Among the 159 contributing countries from 2012 to 2021, India contributed 4.46 percent of publications. The Department of Biotechnology (Ministry of Science and Technology, India) provided the most funds for genomics research. In the last decade, research was primarily focused on "Genetic Diversity", "Polymorphism", "Comparative Genomics", "Phylogeny", " Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)", "Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)", "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)", "Gene Expression", etc. The study's findings may shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the country's research infrastructure, as well as the effectiveness of government policies and funding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwsrang Basumatary
- Mizoram University, 29670, Library and Information Science, Aizawl, Mizoram, India;
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Central University of Haryana, 242287, Biochemistry, R No. 302, Department Of Biochemistry, Central University Of Haryana, Mahendergargh, Mahendergarh, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India, 123031;
| | - Manoj Kumar Verma
- Mizoram University, 29670, Library and Information Science, Tanhril, Aizawl, India, 796004;
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Toussaint PA, Renner M, Lins S, Thiebes S, Sunyaev A. Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing on Social Media: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of YouTube Users' Comments. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e38749. [PMID: 37113449 PMCID: PMC10014090 DOI: 10.2196/38749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background With direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing enabling self-responsible access to novel information on ancestry, traits, or health, consumers often turn to social media for assistance and discussion. YouTube, the largest social media platform for videos, offers an abundance of DTC genetic testing-related videos. Nevertheless, user discourse in the comments sections of these videos is largely unexplored. Objective This study aims to address the lack of knowledge concerning user discourse in the comments sections of DTC genetic testing-related videos on YouTube by exploring topics discussed and users' attitudes toward these videos. Methods We employed a 3-step research approach. First, we collected metadata and comments of the 248 most viewed DTC genetic testing-related videos on YouTube. Second, we conducted topic modeling using word frequency analysis, bigram analysis, and structural topic modeling to identify topics discussed in the comments sections of those videos. Finally, we employed Bing (binary), National Research Council Canada (NRC) emotion, and 9-level sentiment analysis to identify users' attitudes toward these DTC genetic testing-related videos, as expressed in their comments. Results We collected 84,082 comments from the 248 most viewed DTC genetic testing-related YouTube videos. With topic modeling, we identified 6 prevailing topics on (1) general genetic testing, (2) ancestry testing, (3) relationship testing, (4) health and trait testing, (5) ethical concerns, and (6) YouTube video reaction. Further, our sentiment analysis indicates strong positive emotions (anticipation, joy, surprise, and trust) and a neutral-to-positive attitude toward DTC genetic testing-related videos. Conclusions With this study, we demonstrate how to identify users' attitudes on DTC genetic testing by examining topics and opinions based on YouTube video comments. Shedding light on user discourse on social media, our findings suggest that users are highly interested in DTC genetic testing and related social media content. Nonetheless, with this novel market constantly evolving, service providers, content providers, or regulatory authorities may still need to adapt their services to users' interests and desires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Toussaint
- Department of Economics and Management Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
- HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health Karlsruhe/Heidelberg Germany
| | - Maximilian Renner
- Department of Economics and Management Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sebastian Lins
- Department of Economics and Management Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Scott Thiebes
- Department of Economics and Management Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ali Sunyaev
- Department of Economics and Management Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
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