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Alipour J, Payandeh A, Hashemi A, Aliabadi A, Karimi A. Physicians' Perspectives with the E-prescribing System in Five Teaching Hospitals. Appl Clin Inform 2024; 15:428-436. [PMID: 38810656 PMCID: PMC11136528 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the evidence suggesting the potential of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing), this system also faces challenges that can lead to inefficiency and even failure. This study aimed to evaluate physicians' perspectives on the efficiency, effectiveness, opportunities, and challenges associated with the e-prescribing system. METHODS In 2023, a descriptive analytics cross-sectional study was carried out. Due to the finite population size, all the physicians from five studied hospitals who agreed to participate in the study were included through the census method (n = 195). Data collection was conducted using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and analytical (Pearson's correlation coefficient, two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear multiple regression model) statistics. RESULTS The mean scores of efficiency and effectiveness were 47.47 ± 14.46 and 36.09 ± 10.67 out of 95 and 65, respectively. Removing the illegibility of the prescriptions (n = 22) was the most frequent opportunity and internet connectivity problem (n = 37) was the most frequent challenge associated with the e-prescribing system. There was a strong positive significant correlation between efficiency and effectiveness (r = 0.850, p < 0.01). Moreover, age was found to have a significant negative correlation with efficiency (B = -7.261, p = 0.004) and effectiveness (B = - 5.784, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Physicians believe that e-prescribing enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of their work. There are many opportunity and challenges to the use of e-prescription. Assessing the needs of physicians, actively participating and training them in the stages of design and implementation, and conducting regular evaluations of the e-prescribing system are crucial to overcome the challenges. Our finding offers insightful information about how doctors see the e-prescribing system at teaching hospitals and provide a basis for managers and policy makers at the local and national levels to support the implementation of this system and plan for improvement of its shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanpour Alipour
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Payandeh
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Aida Hashemi
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Aliabadi
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Karimi
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Nikiema JN, Liang J, Liang MQ, Dos Anjos D, Motulsky A. Improving the interoperability of drugs terminologies: Infusing local standardization with an international perspective. J Biomed Inform 2024; 151:104614. [PMID: 38395099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to describe how OCRx (Canadian Drug Ontology) has been built to address the dual need for local drug information integration in Canada and alignment with international standards requirements. METHODS This paper delves into (i) the implementation efforts to meet the Identification of Medicinal Product (IDMP) requirements in OCRx, alongside the ontology update strategy, (ii) the structure of the ontology itself, (iii) the alignment approach with several reference Knowledge Organization Systems, including SNOMED CT, RxNorm, and the list of "Code Identifiant de Spécialité" (CIS-Code), and (iv) the look-up services developed to facilitate its access and utilization. RESULTS Each OCRx release contains two distinct versions: the full and the up-to-date version. The full version encompasses all drugs with a DIN code sanctioned by Health Canada, while the up-to-date version is limited to drugs currently marketed in Canada. In the last release of OCRx, the full version comprises 162,400 classes; meanwhile, the up-to-date version consists of 36,909 classes. In terms of mappings with OCRx, substances in RxNorm and SNOMED CT fall below 40%, registering at 37% and 22% respectively. Meanwhile, mappings for CIS-Code achieve coverage of 61%. The strength mappings are notably low for RxNorm at 40% and for CIS-code at 28%. This affects the mapping of clinical drugs, which are predominantly alignable through post-coordinated expressions: 56% for RxNorm, 80% for SNOMED CT, and 35% for CIS-Code. The main support service of OCRx is a look-up service known as PaperRx that displays OCRx's entities based on description logic queries (DL-queries) performed through the classified structure of OCRx. The look-up services also contain a SPARQL endpoint, an OCRx OWL file downloader, and a RESTful API. DISCUSSION The OCRx ontology demonstrates a significant effort towards integrating Canadian drug information with international standards. However, there are areas for improvement. In the future, our focus will be on refining the structure of OCRx for better classification capability and improvement of dosage conversion. Additionally, we aim to harness OCRx in constructing an ontology-based annotator, setting our sights on its deployment in real-world data integration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Noël Nikiema
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Laboratoire Transformation Numérique en Santé (LabTNS), Canada.
| | - James Liang
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Laboratoire Transformation Numérique en Santé (LabTNS), Canada
| | - Man Qing Liang
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Laboratoire Transformation Numérique en Santé (LabTNS), Canada; Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
| | - Davllyn Dos Anjos
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Laboratoire Transformation Numérique en Santé (LabTNS), Canada; Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
| | - Aude Motulsky
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Laboratoire Transformation Numérique en Santé (LabTNS), Canada; Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
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Yazdi FB, Barraclough F, Collins JC, Chen J, El-Den S. Stakeholder perspectives on electronic prescribing in primary care: A scoping review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024:102054. [PMID: 38401837 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) provides a convenient, efficient, paperless mechanism for the legal transfer of prescriptions between service users, prescribers, and dispensers. There have been advances in e-prescribing processes and increased uptake of e-prescribing globally, in recent years. OBJECTIVE To explore stakeholder perspectives on e-prescribing in primary care settings. METHODS A scoping review was conducted by systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases, using the key concepts "primary care", "e-prescribing", and "perspectives". Publications were selected by screening for eligibility against inclusion and exclusion criteria, whereby any publication written in English exploring e-prescribing in primary care settings from the perspective(s) of at least one type of stakeholder was eligible for inclusion. Following a systematic screening process, relevant data were extracted, collated, and synthesized. RESULTS Two thousand publications were identified and systematically screened, rendering 44 publications (e.g., primary research articles, abstracts) eligible for inclusion in this review. Most publications reported on studies conducted in the USA, the UK, and Europe and explored the views of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy staff. Barriers to e-prescribing included system design and technical issues, lack of adequate training and communication issues between stakeholders. Enablers for e-prescribing included time savings, convenience, and increased legibility of prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights many benefits of e-prescribing such as time efficiency, convenience, increased legibility, and less mishandling. Despite this, key barriers to e-prescribing within primary care settings were also recognized, including system design, technical issues, and lack of adequate training. As such, forcing functions, prescription tracking technologies, and better training have been identified as potential ways to address these barriers. While some negative experiences were reported, stakeholders were generally satisfied and had positive experiences with e-prescribing.
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Cassidy CE, Boulos L, McConnell E, Barber B, Delahunty-Pike A, Bishop A, Fatima N, Higgins A, Churchill M, Lively A, MacPhee SP, Misener RM, Sarty R, Wells R, Curran JA. E-prescribing and medication safety in community settings: A rapid scoping review. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 12:100365. [PMID: 38023632 PMCID: PMC10679534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medication prescribing is essential for the treatment, curing, maintenance, and/or prevention of an illness and disease, however, medication errors remain common. Common errors including prescribing and administration, pose significant risk to patients. Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) is one intervention used to enhance the safety and quality of prescribing by decreasing medication errors and reducing harm. E-prescribing in community-based settings has not been extensively examined. Objective To map and characterize the current evidence on e-prescribing and medication safety in community pharmacy settings. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies reporting on e-prescribing and medication safety. MEDLINE All (OVID), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL Full Text (EBSCOHost), and Scopus (Elsevier) databases were searched December 2022 using keywords and MeSH terms related to e-prescribing, medication safety, efficiency, and uptake. Articles were imported to Covidence and screened by two reviewers. Data were extracted by a single reviewer and verified by a second reviewer using a standardized data extraction form. Findings are reported in accordance with JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis following thematic analysis to narratively describe results. Results Thirty-five studies were included in this review. Most studies were quantitative (n = 22), non-experimental study designs (n = 16) and were conducted in the United States (n = 18). Half of included studies reported physicians as the prescriber (n = 18), while the remaining reported a mix of nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and physician assistants (n = 6). Studies reported on types of errors, including prescription errors (n = 20), medication safety errors (n = 9), dispensing errors (n = 2), and administration errors (n = 1). Few studies examined patient health outcomes, such as adverse drug events (n = 5). Conclusions Findings indicate that most research is descriptive in nature and focused primarily on rates of prescription errors. Further research, such as experimental, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research, is needed to investigate the effects of e-prescribing on reducing error rates and improving patient and health system outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Cassidy
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leah Boulos
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Bishop
- Nova Scotia College of Pharmacists, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nawal Fatima
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rowan Sarty
- Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Janet A. Curran
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hareem A, Lee J, Stupans I, Park JS, Wang K. Benefits and barriers associated with e-prescribing in community pharmacy - A systematic review. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 12:100375. [PMID: 38145236 PMCID: PMC10746557 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of electronic prescribing is growing, prompted by lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite this increasing adoption, there is a notable dearth of consolidated evidence regarding the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of electronic prescribing systems within the daily clinical practices of community pharmacists. Objective This paper aims to systematically review the community pharmacists' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to electronic prescribing, addressing the significant need for understanding how electronic prescribing impacts the workflow and decision-making processes of pharmacists, ultimately influencing the quality of patient care. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched from January 1, 2000, to October 25, 2022, using search terms related to electronic prescribing, computerised physician order entry, community/retail pharmacies, and pharmacists. Results A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review. In these studies, community pharmacists perceived that design, interoperability, attitude towards e-prescribing technology, information quality, workflow, productivity, and accessible resources facilitated e-prescribing. In addition, the included studies emphasized the importance of technological support for the successful implementation of electronic prescribing systems. The system's design characteristics significantly improve e-prescribing technology's favourable effects. According to our review, it has been proposed that a poorly designed e-prescribing system can have a negative impact on the quality of care, implementation, and user satisfaction. In contrast, a well-designed system can significantly contribute to improvements. Conclusions The review highlighted that e-prescribing has both barriers and facilitators, with the quality of the system and its implementation influencing these factors. Technical issues and user acceptance (patient/prescribers/pharmacists) can act as barriers or enablers, highlighting the need for comprehensive consideration and monitoring of e-prescribing to identify and address potential issues.
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Aldughayfiq B, Sampalli S. Digital Health in Physicians' and Pharmacists' Office: A Comparative Study of e-Prescription Systems' Architecture and Digital Security in Eight Countries. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:102-122. [PMID: 32931378 PMCID: PMC7888294 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
e-Prescription systems are key components and drivers of digital health. They can enhance the safety of the patients, and are gaining popularity in health care systems around the world. Yet, there is little knowledge on comparative international analysis of e-Prescription systems' architecture and digital security. We report, in this study, original findings from a comparative analysis of the e-Prescription systems in eight different countries, namely, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Spain, Japan, Sweden, and Denmark. We surveyed the databases related to pharmacies, eHealth, e-Prescriptions, and related digital health websites for each country, and their system architectures. We also compared the digital security and privacy protocols in place within and across these digital systems. We evaluated the systems' authentication protocols used by pharmacies to verify patients' identities during the medication dispensing process. Furthermore, we examined the supporting systems/services used to manage patients' medication histories and enhance patients' medication safety. Taken together, we report, in this study, original comparative findings on the limitations and challenges of the surveyed systems as well as in adopting e-Prescription systems. While the present study was conducted before the onset of COVID-19, e-Prescription systems have become highly relevant during the current pandemic and hence, a deeper understanding of the country systems' architecture and digital security that can help design effective strategies against the pandemic. e-Prescription systems can help reduce physical contact and the risk of exposure to the virus, as well as the wait times in pharmacies, thus enhancing patient safety and improving planetary health.
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Price C, Green W, Suhomlinova O. Twenty-five years of national health IT: exploring strategy, structure, and systems in the English NHS. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019; 26:188-197. [PMID: 30597001 PMCID: PMC6351974 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is global interest in implementing national information systems to support healthcare, and the National Health Service in England (NHS) has a troubled 25-year history in this sphere. Our objective was to chronicle structural reorganizations within the NHS from 1973 to 2017, alongside concurrent national information technology (IT) strategies, as the basis for developing a conceptual model to aid understanding of the organizational factors involved. Materials and Methods We undertook an exploratory, retrospective longitudinal case study by reviewing strategic plans, legislation, and health policy documents, and constructed schemata for evolving structure and strategy. Literature on multi-organizational forms, complexity, national-level health IT implementations, and mega-projects was reviewed to identify factors that mapped to the schemata. Guided by strong structuration theory, these factors were superimposed on a simplified structural schema to create the conceptual model. Results Against a background of frequent NHS reorganizations, there has been a logical and emergent NHS IT strategy focusing progressively on technical and data standards, connectivity, applications, and consolidation. The NHS has a complex and hierarchical multi-organization form in which restructuring may impact a range of intra- and inter-organizational factors. Discussion NHS-wide IT programs have generally failed to meet expectations, though evaluations have usually overlooked longer-term progress. Realizing a long-term health IT strategy may be impeded by volatility of the implementation environment as organizational structures and relationships change. Key factors influencing the strategy-structure dyad can be superimposed on the tiered NHS structure to facilitate analysis of their impact. Conclusion Alignment between incremental health IT strategy and dynamic structure is an under-researched area. Lessons from organizational studies and the management of mega-projects may help in understanding some of the ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Price
- Management and Organisation Division, University of Leicester, School of Business, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - William Green
- Innovation, Technology and Operations Division, University of Leicester, School of Business, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Olga Suhomlinova
- Management and Organisation Division, University of Leicester, School of Business, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Reddy A, Abebe E, Rivera AJ, Stone JA, Chui MA. Interruptions in community pharmacies: Frequency, sources, and mitigation strategies. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 15:1243-1250. [PMID: 30420227 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interruptions constitute a key part of the communication strategy for healthcare providers, including community pharmacy personnel. Previous research in other healthcare environments has shown that interruptions are very common and may present as patient safety hazards. One 1999 study, conducted in community pharmacy settings, found that interruptions were prevalent and associated with dispensing errors. In the last 20 years, pharmacies have expanded patient services and implemented new technology. Yet, it is unknown how these changes have affected interruption sources and frequency. OBJECTIVE The objective was to characterize the frequency and sources of pharmacist task interruptions that occur in community pharmacies. METHODS A cross-sectional qualitative study design was used to evaluate the frequency and sources of pharmacist task interruptions in Wisconsin community pharmacies. The participants included 9 pharmacists and 9 technicians working in 2 independently-owned, 2 mass merchandise, and 2 hospital/clinical-affiliated pharmacies. RESULTS Interruption rates ranged from 3 to 7 per hour across the 6 pharmacies. Sources of interruptions included: patients, technicians, self-initiated interruptions, technology used in the pharmacy, and a second pharmacist. CONCLUSIONS Interruptions are common in community pharmacies and the causes are multifactorial. Prudent management of interruptions in these work environments may involve improved technician training and better designs of pharmacy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Reddy
- Social & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Ephrem Abebe
- The Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, USA
| | - A Joy Rivera
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jamie A Stone
- Social & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Michelle A Chui
- Social & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA.
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Motulsky A, Weir DL, Couture I, Sicotte C, Gagnon MP, Buckeridge DL, Tamblyn R. Usage and accuracy of medication data from nationwide health information exchange in Quebec, Canada. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2018; 25:722-729. [PMID: 29590350 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective (1) To describe the usage of medication data from the Health Information Exchange (HIE) at the health care system level in the province of Quebec; (2) To assess the accuracy of the medication list obtained from the HIE. Methods A descriptive study was conducted utilizing usage data obtained from the Ministry of Health at the individual provider level from January 1 to December 31, 2015. Usage patterns by role, type of site, and tool used to access the HIE were investigated. The list of medications of 111 high risk patients arriving at the emergency department of an academic healthcare center was obtained from the HIE and compared with the list obtained through the medication reconciliation process. Results There were 31 022 distinct users accessing the HIE 11 085 653 times in 2015. The vast majority of pharmacists and general practitioners accessed it, compared to a minority of specialists and nurses. The top 1% of users was responsible of 19% of access. Also, 63% of the access was made using the Viewer application, while using a certified electronic medical record application seemed to facilitate usage. Among 111 patients, 71 (64%) had at least one discrepancy between the medication list obtained from the HIE and the reference list. Conclusions Early adopters were mostly in primary care settings, and were accessing it more frequently when using a certified electronic medical record. Further work is needed to investigate how to resolve accuracy issues with the medication list and how certain tools provide different features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Motulsky
- Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Management, Evaluation & Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniala L Weir
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Claude Sicotte
- Department of Management, Evaluation & Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Healthcare organization management host team (EA7348 MOS - Management des organisations de santé - Healthcare Organization Management), EHESP - École des hautes études en santé publique, France
| | | | - David L Buckeridge
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robyn Tamblyn
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Quist AJL, Hickman TTT, Amato MG, Volk LA, Salazar A, Robertson A, Wright A, Bates DW, Phansalkar S, Lambert BL, Schiff GD. Analysis of variations in the display of drug names in computerized prescriber-order-entry systems. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2017; 74:499-509. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp151051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arbor J. L. Quist
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Mary G. Amato
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MCPHS University, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shobha Phansalkar
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Clinical Drug Information Division, Wolters Kluwer Health, Indianapolis, IN
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