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Demir N, Alpaslan M. Determination of impregnation parameters and volatile components in vacuum impregnated apricots. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28294. [PMID: 38560192 PMCID: PMC10981074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to analyse the impact of vacuum impregnation (VI) on aroma profile of intermediate-moisture apricots. cv. Hacihaliloğlu and cv. Kabaaşı apricots were immersed in a variety of solutions, including citric acid and sucrose, as well as plant extracts like rosehip, roselle, and rhubarb. According to the results, solid loss and water gain were observed in all infused samples by VI, while osmotic dehydration occurred in the apricots after immersing in sucrose solution. After all process, a total of 71 volatile compounds were detected in the Hacihaliloglu variety and 66 in the Kabaasi variety. These components are aldehydes, ketones, esters, furan compounds, alcohols, terpenes, isoprenoids, and acids, collected in eight groups. Vacuum impregnation had positive effects on terpenes in both cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Demir
- Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Alpaslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
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Proposals for the improving of the existing GC-FID methods for determination of methanol and volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Abstract
An authenticity study on Italian grape marc spirit was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and chemometrics. A grape marc spirit produced in Italy takes the particular name of “grappa”, a product which has peculiar tradition and production in its country of origin. Therefore, the evaluation of its authenticity plays an important role for its consumption in Italy, as well as for its exportation all around the world. For the present work, 123 samples of grappa and several kinds of spirits were analyzed in their alcohol content by electronic densimetry, and in their volatile fraction by gas-chromatography with a flame-ionization detector. Part of these samples (94) was employed as a training set to compute a chemometric model (by linear discriminant analysis, LDA) and the other part (29 samples) was used as a test set to validate it. Finally, two grappa samples seized from the market by the Italian Customs and Monopolies Agency and considered suspicious due to their aroma reported as non-compliant were projected onto the LDA model to evaluate the compliance with the “grappa” class. A further one-class classification method by principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to evaluate the compliance with other classes. Results showed that the suspicious samples were not recognized as belonging to any of the analyzed spirit classes, confirming the starting hypothesis that they could be grappa samples adulterated in some way.
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The Method for Direct Gas Chromatographic Determination of Acetaldehyde, Methanol, and Other Volatiles Using Ethanol as a Reference Substance: Application for a Wide Range of Alcoholic Beverages. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Charapitsa S, Sytova S, Kavalenka A, Sobolenko L, Kostyuk N, Egorov V, Leschev S, Vetokhin S, Zayats N. The study of the matrix effect on the method of direct determination of volatile compounds in a wide range of alcoholic beverages. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Charapitsa S, Sytova S, Korban A, Sobolenko L, Egorov V, Leschev S, Zakharov M, Čabala R, Busarova R, Shestakovich I, Tolstouhova A, Ondroušek S, Vávra J, Yilmaztekin M, Cabaroglu T. Interlaboratory study of ethanol usage as an internal standard in direct determination of volatile compounds in alcoholic products. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191502030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A collaborative interlaboratory study on the method of direct quantitation of volatile compounds in spirit drinks and alcoholic products was conducted. The discussed method applies ethanol, the major volatile component of an alcoholic product, as an internal standard. In this study 9 laboratories from 4 different countries were supplied with standard solutions for gas chromatographic measurements. Five aqueous ethanol 40% (v/v) standard solutions containing target compounds in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/L to 400 mg/L of absolute alcohol were prepared and sent to the participants for quantification of acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. The interlaboratory study was evaluated according to the ISO 5725 standards and the Eurachem guide. The within-laboratory precision varied between 0.4% and 7.5% for all samples and compounds, showing a sufficiently high repeatability of the method. The between-laboratory precision was found to vary within a satisfactory range of 0.5% ÷ 10.0%. Precision of the method was well within the range predicted by the Horwitz equation for all analytes. The analysis of trueness showed that the bias of the method is insignificant at the significance level α = 5%. The determined concentrations of the analytes compared well to the gravimetrical values thus showing very satisfactory accuracy of the method. The results of the interlaboratory study confirmed that “Ethanol as Internal Standard” method is robust and reliable and can be used as a standard reference method for analysing volatile compounds in water-ethanol samples. The possibilities of method validation according to the previously obtained experimental data were shown.
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Li YS, Mo LM, Gao XF. Direct automatic determination of the methanol content in red wines based on the temperature effect of the KMnO 4/K 2S 2O 5/fuchsin sodium sulfite reaction system. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8426-8434. [PMID: 35542002 PMCID: PMC9078531 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard method for methanol assay in wine is based on a methanol/KMnO4/H2C2O4/fuchsin sodium sulfite (FSS) reaction system. However, it is difficult to control the degree of colour and the temperature of the reaction product in this assay, and its repeatability is also poor due to the generation of CO and CO2 in the reaction. Therefore, to solve these problems, potassium metabisulfite was selected to replace H2C2O4, and an automatic analysis method was developed which can realize rapid and accurate determination of methanol and can be used to make an online analyzer. It was discovered that the reactions of methanol/KMnO4 and acetaldehyde/FSS are exothermic, while the reactions of methanol/KMnO4 and formaldehyde/FSS are endothermic. Consequently, based on the temperature effect, not only was the interference of ethanol eliminated in detecting methanol in wines, the purpose of the research was achieved to directly and accurately determine methanol without sample pretreatment. By optimizing the system, the obtained conditions for determining methanol in wines were as follows: 20 g L-1 concentration for KMnO4; 3 g L-1 concentration for FSS; 40 cm length for the first reaction coil (RC1); 100 cm length for RC2; 700 cm (I.D.: 0.8 mm) length for RC3; 50 °C for RC3; about 20 °C for RC1 and RC2; 330 μL for the sample volume. The method showed a linear response in the range 25-1000 mg L-1, with a 0.6% RSD, 8.8 mg L-1 detection limit and 25 samples per h, and was successfully used for testing representative wine samples. It also obtained better accuracy than previous methods. Due to its superiority in automated operation, reproducibility, analysis speed and test cost, this method and system can serve as a supplementary standard for methanol assay, and for the quality control of the winemaking process and the final wine-product, as well as for low-alcohol drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 6100651 China
| | - La-Mei Mo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 6100651 China
| | - Xiu-Feng Gao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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The hydrogen-storing microporous silica 'Microcluster' reduces acetaldehyde contained in a distilled spirit. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:117-21. [PMID: 27612695 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde is a detrimental substance produced in alcoholic liquor aging. We assessed an ability of hydrogen-storing microporous silica 'Microcluster' (MC+) to reduce acetaldehyde, as compared with autoclave-dehydrogenated MC+ (MC-). Acetaldehyde was quantified spectrophotometrically by an enzymatic method. Authentic acetaldehyde was treated by MC+ for 20min, and decreased from 43.4ppm to 10.9ppm, but maintained at 49.3ppm by MC-. On the other hand, acetaldehyde contained in a distilled spirit was decreased from 29.5ppm to 3.1ppm at 20min by MC+, but not decreased by MC-. Addition of MC+ or MC- to distilled water without acetaldehyde showed no seeming effect on the quantification used. Accordingly acetaldehyde in a distilled spirit is reduced to ethanol by hydrogen contained in MC+, but not by the silica moiety of MC+. Hydrogen gas of 1.2mL was released for 20min from MC+ of 0.59g in water, resulting in dissolved hydrogen of 1.09ppm and an oxidation- reduction potential of -687.0mV indicative of a marked reducing ability. Thus, MC+ has an ability to reduce acetaldehyde in a distilled spirit due to dissolved hydrogen released from MC+.
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Aylott RI, MacKenzie WM. Analytical Strategies to Confirm the Generic Authenticity of Scotch Whisky. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2010.tb00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lachenmeier DW, Schoeberl K, Kanteres F, Kuballa T, Sohnius EM, Rehm J. Is contaminated unrecorded alcohol a health problem in the European Union? A review of existing and methodological outline for future studies. Addiction 2011; 106 Suppl 1:20-30. [PMID: 21324018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Some European countries with high levels of unrecorded alcohol consumption have anomalously high rates of death attributable to liver cirrhosis. Hepatotoxic compounds in illegally produced spirits may be partly responsible. Based on a review of the evidence on the chemical composition and potential harm from unrecorded alcohol, the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) project's methodology for identifying, analysing and toxicologically evaluating such alcohols is provided. METHODS A computer-assisted literature review concentrated on unrecorded alcohol. Additionally, we refer to our work in the capacity of governmental alcohol control authority and a number of pilot studies. RESULTS The risk-oriented identification of substances resulted in the following compounds probably posing a public health risk in unrecorded alcohol: ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols, heavy metals, ethyl carbamate, biologically active flavourings (e.g. coumarin) and diethyl phthalate. Suggestions on a sampling strategy for identifying unrecorded alcohol that may be most prone to contamination include using probable distribution points such as local farmers and flea markets for selling surrogate alcohol (including denatured alcohol) to focusing on lower socio-economic status or alcohol-dependent individuals, and selecting home-produced fruit spirits prone to ethyl carbamate contamination. CONCLUSIONS Standardized guidelines for the chemical and toxicological evaluation of unrecorded alcohol that will be used in a European-wide sampling and are applicable globally are provided. These toxicological guidelines may also be used by alcohol control laboratories for recorded alcohol products, and form a scientific foundation for establishing legislative limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Silva VMTM, Rodrigues AE. Dynamics of a fixed-bed adsorptive reactor for synthesis of diethylacetal. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690480319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saczk AA, Okumura LL, Firmino de Oliveira M, Boldrin Zanoni MV, Ramos Stradiotto N. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of acetaldehyde in fuel ethanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1619-24. [PMID: 15782329 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of acetaldehyde in fuel ethanol was developed. Acetaldehyde was derivatized with 0.900 mL 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPHi) reagent and 50 microL phosphoric acid 1 mol L(-1) at a controlled room temperature of 15 degrees C for 20 min. The separation of acetaldehyde-DNPH (ADNPH) was carried out on a Shimadzu Shim-pack C18 column, using methanol/LiCl((aq)) 1.0 mM (80/20, v/v) as a mobile phase under isocratic elution and UV-Vis detection at 365 nm. The standard curve of ADNPH was linear in the range 3-300 mg L(-1) per injection (20 microL) and the limit of detection (LOD) for acetaldehyde was 2.03 microg L(-1), with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and a precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) of 5.6% (n = 5). Recovery studies were performed by fortifying fuel samples with acetaldehyde at various concentrations and the results were in the range 98.7-102%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) from 0.2% to 7.2%. Several fuel samples collected from various gas stations were analyzed and the method was successfully applied to the analysis of acetaldehyde in fuel ethanol samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelir Aparecida Saczk
- UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni s/n, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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