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de Sousa FC, Tinôco IDFF, Cruz VF, Barbari M, Saraz JAO, da Silva AL, Coelho DJDR, Baptista F. Potential for Ammonia Generation and Emission in Broiler Production Facilities in Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040675. [PMID: 36830464 PMCID: PMC9951733 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Air quality is one of the main factors that must be guaranteed in animal production. However, the measurement of pollutants is still a problem in several countries because the available methods are costly and do not always apply to the reality of the constructive typology adopted, as in countries with a hot climate, which adopt predominantly open facilities. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop predictive models for the potential generation and emission of ammonia in the production of broiler chickens with different types of litter, different reuse cycles and under different climatic conditions. Samples of poultry litter from thirty commercial aviaries submitted to different air temperatures were analyzed. The experiment was conducted and analyzed in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme. Models were developed to predict the potential for generation and emission of ammonia, which can be applied in facilities with ambient conditions of air temperature between 25 and 40 °C and with wood shaving bed with up to four reuse cycles and coffee husks bed with up to six reuse cycles. The developed and validated models showed high accuracy indicating that they can be used to estimate the potential for ammonia generation and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Campos de Sousa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3612-4013 (36570–900)
| | | | - Vasco Fitas Cruz
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
| | - Matteo Barbari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (GESAAF), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 13-50145 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Alex Lopes da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo José de Rezende Coelho
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
| | - Fatima Baptista
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
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Guyonnet JP, Guillemet M, Dubost A, Simon L, Ortet P, Barakat M, Heulin T, Achouak W, Haichar FEZ. Plant Nutrient Resource Use Strategies Shape Active Rhizosphere Microbiota Through Root Exudation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1662. [PMID: 30559748 PMCID: PMC6265440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant strategies for soil nutrient uptake have the potential to strongly influence plant-microbiota interactions, due to the competition between plants and microorganisms for soil nutrient acquisition and/or conservation. In the present study, we investigate whether these plant strategies could influence rhizosphere microbial activities via root exudation, and contribute to the microbiota diversification of active bacterial communities colonizing the root-adhering soil (RAS) and inhabiting the root tissues. We applied a DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) approach to six grass species distributed along a gradient of plant nutrient resource strategies, from conservative species, characterized by low nitrogen (N) uptake, a long lifespans and low root exudation level, to exploitative species, characterized by high rates of photosynthesis, rapid rates of N uptake and high root exudation level. We analyzed their (i) associated microbiota composition involved in root exudate assimilation and soil organic matter (SOM) degradation by 16S-rRNA-based metabarcoding. (ii) We determine the impact of root exudation level on microbial activities (denitrification and respiration) by gas chromatography. Measurement of microbial activities revealed an increase in denitrification and respiration activities for microbial communities colonizing the RAS of exploitative species. This increase of microbial activities results probably from a higher exudation rate and more diverse metabolites by exploitative plant species. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that plant nutrient resource strategies have a role in shaping active microbiota. We present evidence demonstrating that plant nutrient use strategies shape active microbiota involved in root exudate assimilation and SOM degradation via root exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P. Guyonnet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Martin Guillemet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Dubost
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Simon
- CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Ortet
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thierry Heulin
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Feth el Zahar Haichar
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
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Qasim W, Moon BE, Phonsuwan M, Jo JS, Lee MH, Nafees M, Kim HT. Effects of an Aluminum Sulfate and Ferric Chloride Blend on Poultry Litter Characteristics in Vitro. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bench C, Oryschak M, Korver D. Oxidized subbituminous coal water additive has no adverse effect on growth performance or water consumption of growing broilers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized bituminous coal as a water supplement was studied to evaluate its effects on ammonia, litter, footpad lesions, and carcass attributes in broiler chickens. Bituminous coal water supplementation resulted in more severe footpad lesions; however, no significant effect was found for ammonia, litter, or carcass attributes under conditions in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Bench
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M.A. Oryschak
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Livestock Research Branch, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - D.R. Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Liang Y, Payne J, Penn C, Tabler G, Watkins S, VanDevender K, Purswell J. Systematic evaluation of in-house broiler litter windrowing effects on production benefits and environmental impact. J APPL POULTRY RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2014-00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Singh A, Casey K, King W, Pescatore A, Gates R, Ford M. Efficacy of urease inhibitor to reduce ammonia emission from poultry houses. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Leytem AB, Kwanyuen P, Plumstead PW, Maguire RO, Brake J. Evaluation of phosphorus characterization in broiler ileal digesta, manure, and litter samples: (31)P-NMR vs. HPLC. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:494-500. [PMID: 18268313 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-NMR) to characterize phosphorus (P) in animal manures and litter has become a popular technique in the area of nutrient management. To date, there has been no published work evaluating P quantification in manure/litter samples with (31)P-NMR compared to other accepted methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the use of (31)P-NMR to quantify myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) in ileal digesta, manure, and litter from broilers, we compared results obtained from both (31)P-NMR and a more traditional HPLC method. The quantification of phytate in all samples was very consistent between the two methods, with linear regressions having slopes ranging from 0.94 to 1.07 and r(2) values of 0.84 to 0.98. We compared the concentration of total monoester P determined with (31)P-NMR with the total inositol P content determined with HPLC and found a strong linear relationship between the two measurements having slopes ranging from 0.91 to 1.08 and r(2) values of 0.73 to 0.95. This suggests that (31)P-NMR is a very reliable method for quantifying P compounds in manure/litter samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Leytem
- USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA.
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Coufal CD, Chavez C, Niemeyer PR, Carey JB. Nitrogen emissions from broilers measured by mass balance over eighteen consecutive flocks. Poult Sci 2006; 85:384-91. [PMID: 16553264 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.3.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emission of nitrogen in the form of ammonia from poultry rearing facilities has been an important topic for the poultry industry because of concerns regarding the effects of ammonia on the environment. Sound scientific data is needed to accurately estimate air emissions from poultry operations. Many factors, such as season of the year, ambient temperature and humidity, bird health, and management practices can influence ammonia volatilization from broiler rearing facilities. Precise results are often difficult to attain from commercial facilities, particularly over long periods of time. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine nitrogen loss from broilers in a research facility under conditions simulating commercial production for 18 consecutive flocks. Broilers were reared to 40 to 42 d of age and fed diets obtained from a commercial broiler integrator. New rice hulls were used for litter for the first flock, and the same litter was recycled for all subsequent flocks with caked litter removed between flocks. All birds, feeds, and litter materials entering and leaving the facility were quantified, sampled, and analyzed for total nitrogen content. Nitrogen loss was calculated by the mass balance method in which loss was equal to the difference between the nitrogen inputs and the nitrogen outputs. Nitrogen partitioning as a percentage of inputs averaged 15.29, 6.84, 55.52, 1.27, and 21.08% for litter, caked litter, broiler carcasses, mortalities, and nitrogen loss, respectively, over all eighteen flocks. During the production of 18 flocks of broilers on the same recycled litter, the average nitrogen emission rate was calculated to range from 4.13 to 19.74 g of N/ kg of marketed broiler (grams of nitrogen per kilogram) and averaged 11.07 g of N/kg. Nitrogen loss was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for flocks reared in summer vs. winter. Results of this experiment have demonstrated that the rate of nitrogen volatilization from broiler grow-out facilities varies significantly on a flock-to-flock basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Coufal
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2474, USA
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Coufal CD, Chavez C, Niemeyer PR, Carey JB. Measurement of broiler litter production rates and nutrient content using recycled litter. Poult Sci 2006; 85:398-403. [PMID: 16553266 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important for broiler producers to know litter production rates and litter nutrient content when developing nutrient management plans. Estimation of broiler litter production varies widely in the literature due to factors such as geographical region, type of housing, size of broiler produced, and number of flocks reared on the same litter. Published data for N, P, and K content are also highly variable. In addition, few data are available regarding the rate of production, characteristics, and nutrient content of caked litter (cake). In this study, 18 consecutive flocks of broilers were reared on the same litter in experimental pens under simulated commercial conditions. The mass of litter and cake produced was measured after each flock. Samples of all litter materials were analyzed for pH, moisture, N, P, and K. Average litter and cake moisture content were 26.4 and 46.9%, respectively. Significant variation in litter and cake nutrient content was observed and can largely be attributed to ambient temperature differences. Average litter, cake, and total litter (litter plus cake) production rates were 153.3, 74.8, and 228.2 g of dry litter material per kg of live broiler weight (g/kg) per flock, respectively. Significant variation in litter production rates among flocks was also observed. Cumulative litter, cake, and total litter production rates after 18 flocks were 170.3, 78.7, and 249.0 g/kg, respectively. The data produced from this research can be used by broiler producers to estimate broiler litter and cake production and the nutrient content of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Coufal
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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Coufal CD, Chavez C, Niemeyer PR, Carey JB. Effects of top-dressing recycled broiler litter on litter production, litter characteristics, and nitrogen mass balance. Poult Sci 2006; 85:392-7. [PMID: 16553265 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.3.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-dressing is a method of broiler litter management in which a thin layer of new, clean litter material is spread over the top of previously used litter prior to placement of a new flock. This fresh layer of bedding material increases the absorptive capacity of the litter and decreases litter caking. Although this practice has been widely used in the poultry industry for many years, no research has been conducted to quantify the effects the practice has on broiler performance, litter production rates, and nutrient content, or the ability of broiler litter to retain manure N and prevent volatilization. An experiment was conducted to quantify these parameters under simulated commercial conditions in a research facility. Nine consecutive flocks of broilers were reared on recycled broiler litter that had previously been used for 9 flocks. Control pens received no litter treatment whereas top-dressed pens received a thin layer of new rice hulls (1 to 2 cm) before the placement of each flock. Nitrogen loss was calculated using the mass balance method. Average broiler performance was not different between the top-dressed and control pens. Top-dressing of litter significantly (P < 0.05) reduced caked litter production compared with control pens in 6 of 9 flocks. However, average total litter production over all 9 flocks was not different between the 2 litter management strategies. In all flocks, litter N content was significantly reduced in top-dressed pens compared with control pens. As a result, litter C:N ratios were significantly higher for pens with top-dressed litter. Differences in N loss between the treatments were not consistent. Average N loss for all flocks was 10.61 and 11.92 g of N/kg of marketed broiler for control and top-dressed pens, respectively, or 20.1 and 22.5% of N inputs, respectively. Based on this experiment, top-dressing of recycled broiler litter would not be recommended as a strategy to reduce the volatilization of N from broiler rearing facilities and, in fact, may actually increase N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Coufal
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
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