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Burkhardt FK, Hayer JJ, Heinemann C, Steinhoff-Wagner J. Effect of Climatic Condition, Type of Trough and Water Cleanliness on Drinking Behavior in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:257. [PMID: 38254426 PMCID: PMC10812700 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing ambient temperatures lead to higher water intake and higher risks of microbial growth in cattle troughs. This study aims to analyze drinking water quality and dairy cows' drinking behavior (n = 8081 drinking episodes) on a commercial farm with 135 and 144 lactating cows in two climatic conditions, considering trough type and cleanliness, respectively. Daily video recording was conducted at two trough types (two open troughs, 70 L; two-valve troughs, variable volume of 5-15 L) in the first two hours after feeding (n = 60 days in total) under cold (December 2019-February 2020) and warm ambient temperatures (September 2021). The trough cleaning scheme allowed cows to access either cleaned or uncleaned troughs in each system. Water quality was tested daily and analyzed at the beginning and end of the trials. In warmer ambient temperatures, fewer and-at uncleaned troughs and open troughs-shorter drinking episodes were recorded, with longer but fewer water intake periods, longer drinking breaks, and fewer sips (p < 0.0001). Considering the drinking episodes, respectively, water intake and drinking breaks in number and duration, the number of sips and the number of agonistic behaviors might optimize dairy cow water supply and hygiene management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Katharina Burkhardt
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Jason Jeremia Hayer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - Céline Heinemann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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2
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Chancy A, Santschi DE, Paquet ÉR, Renaud DL, Gauthier ML, Charbonneau É, Barbeau-Grégoire N, Van Driessche L, Buczinski S. Standardization and validation of ATP luminometry as a diagnostic tool to assess the cleanliness of feeding equipment in preweaning calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6263-6274. [PMID: 37500439 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to standardize a reliable and repeatable swabbing technique using ATP luminometry (light emission proportional to the amount of ATP with result provided in relative light units [RLU]) to describe the cleanliness of various feeding equipment used for preweaning calves in dairy farms. A total of 7 Québec commercial dairy herds were selected conveniently. Following visual hygiene scoring, the cleanliness of every available piece of feeding equipment was assessed using direct surface swabbing for buckets and nipples with Hygiena UltraSnap swabs. A liquid rinsing technique was used for esophageal feeders, bottles, and automatic milk feeders (AMF) with UltraSnap, AquaSnap, and MicroSnap swabs. To validate direct swabbing technique of buckets, a stage within and between operators was realized, as well as a conventional bacterial culture. A total of 519 swab samples were obtained from 201 pieces of equipment. The median (interquartile range) contamination in RLU for a bottle, esophageal feeder, AMF, bucket and nipple was 2 (1;6), 2 (0;12), 52 (19;269), 886 (128;7,230) and 899 (142;6,928), respectively. The direct swabbing technique, which consists in swabbing directly the surface of an equipment, showed excellent correlation for intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.96). The interoperator (2 sessions with 3 different operators) reliability also showed high correlation (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-0.94 for the first session, and ICC = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.95 for the second session). Luminometer values were positively associated with the visual score of esophageal feeders, AMF and buckets. A positive correlation between bacterial culture and direct swabbing of buckets was also found for the UltraSnap (rs = 0.653; 95% CI: 0.283-0.873; P = 0.0003) and MicroSnap (rs = 0.569, 95% CI: 0.309-0.765; P = 0.002). This study describes a standardized and practical on-farm swabbing technique for assessing the hygienic status of feeding equipment by luminometry, which can be integrated in the investigation of preweaning dairy calves problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Chancy
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | | | - Éric R Paquet
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gauthier
- Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaire du Québec, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Édith Charbonneau
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Nicolas Barbeau-Grégoire
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Laura Van Driessche
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada.
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Dong X, Liu X, Hou Q, Wang Z. From natural environment to animal tissues: A review of microplastics(nanoplastics) translocation and hazards studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158686. [PMID: 36099943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastic (NPs) pollution is a global concern due to the massive use of plastic products. Although there have been many studies on the treatments of animals with MPs/NPs, there are few systematic summaries of MPs/NPs translocation and hazards in animals. This review comprehensively summarizes the pathways by which animals are exposed to MPs/NPs in the environment, in particular, to summarize in detail their translocation and hazards in vivo. Studies have shown that MPs/NPs enter the animals' body through water, food, breath and even skin, enter the blood circulation through the lungs and digestive tract, and eventually accumulate in various tissues. After a summary of the studies, we found a high correlation between the tissue accumulation of MPs/NPs and their particle size, with 4-20 μm MPs appearing to be more prone to accumulate in tissues. These MPs/NPs accumulated in animal tissues may be transferred to humans through the food chain. Thus, we summarized the studies on the accumulation of MPs/NPs in livestock and poultry products, showing that MPs/NPs in livestock and poultry products gradually increased with the complexity of processing and packaging processes. There are few reports related to direct contamination of livestock products by MPs/NPs, we hope that this review will bring together the growing body of evidence that MPs/NPs can directly harm human health through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Dong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Xinbei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Qiuling Hou
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.
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Mateus-Vargas RH, Lienen T, Maaz D, Richter M, Maurischat S, Steinhoff-Wagner J. Evaluation of the Occurrence of Staphylococcaceae with Reduced Susceptibility to Cefoxitin in Wild Ungulates in Brandenburg, Germany, Based on Land Use-Related Factors. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0256022. [PMID: 36169418 PMCID: PMC9603044 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02560-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between natural and human-used environments have a significant influence on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in wild ecosystems. Despite current knowledge, fundamental questions about the degree of impact of land use-related factors on the spread of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in European wild game animal populations have not yet been answered with certainty. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of Staphylococcaceae showing reduced susceptibility to cefoxitin in nasal swabs of fallow deer (Dama dama), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in Brandenburg, Germany. Evaluations were focused on the use of open-source data regarding the extent as well as the degree of land use, especially for settlement or animal husbandry. Results showed that the detection rate of Staphylococcaceae showing a non-wild-type phenotype for cefoxitin differed between animal species of the studied hunting districts. Statistical analyses of results combined with data on land use features revealed that a high density of cattle or poultry in a county may be associated with an increased detection rate in roe deer or wild boar, respectively. Furthermore, positive correlations were determined between the prevalence of non-wild-type Staphylococcaceae in roe deer or fallow deer and the proportional extent of surface water bodies in the corresponding area. The presented approach establishes a general basis for a risk-oriented assessment of the effects of human activities on the epidemiology of transmissible microorganisms in the human-animal-environment interface, including antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. IMPORTANCE Intensive research regarding the impact of land use-related factors on the prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcaceae in game ungulate populations is necessary for adequately determining risks related to interactions between wild animals, domestic animals, and humans in common geographic locations. This systematic approach for the analysis of the observations in specific hunting districts of Brandenburg, Germany, adds an innovative value to the research strategy of antimicrobial resistance in wild game animals, which is in accordance with current recommendations worldwide. Thus, results and information obtained in this study build a relevant foundation for future risk assessment regarding the safety of game products. Furthermore, the data generated represent an important basis for improving existing guidelines in land use practices and hunting practices. The use of existing open source data collections provided by official governmental and nongovernmental entities increases not only the impact but also the applicability and comparability of information beyond the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael H. Mateus-Vargas
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Lienen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denny Maaz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Maurischat
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Munich, Germany
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Latorre AA, Oliva R, Pugin J, Estay A, Nualart F, Salazar K, Garrido N, Muñoz MA. Biofilms in hoses utilized to divert colostrum and milk on dairy farms: A report exploring their potential role in herd health, milk quality, and public health. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:969455. [PMID: 36090175 PMCID: PMC9458949 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.969455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in milking equipment on dairy farms have been associated with failures in cleaning and sanitizing protocols. These biofilms on milking equipment can be a source of contamination for bulk tank milk and a concern for animal and public health, as biofilms can become on-farm reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria that cause disease in cows and humans. This report describes a cross-sectional study on 3 dairy farms, where hoses used to divert waste milk, transition milk, and colostrum were analyzed by culture methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to assess the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella spp. In addition, the presence of biofilms was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal spectral microscopy. Biofilms composed of multispecies microbial communities were observed on the surfaces of all milk hoses. In two dairy farms, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from the milk hose samples collected. Cleaning and sanitation protocols of all surfaces in contact with milk or colostrum are crucial. Hoses used to collect waste milk, colostrum, and transition milk can be a source of biofilms and hence pathogenic bacteria. Waste milk used to feed calves can constitute a biosecurity issue and a source of pathogens, therefore an increased exposure and threat for the whole herd health and, potentially, for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra A. Latorre
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alejandra A. Latorre
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Julio Pugin
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Estay
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Célular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Célular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natacha Garrido
- Hospital Dr. Víctor Ríos, Servicio de Salud Bío Bío, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Marcos A. Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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