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Zhang X, Ma Z, Hao P, Ji S, Gao Y. Characteristics and health impacts of bioaerosols in animal barns: A comprehensive study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116381. [PMID: 38676963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols produced during animal production have potential adverse effects on the health of workers and animals. Our objective was to investigate characteristics, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and health risks of bioaerosols in various animal barns. Poultry and swine barns had high concentrations of airborne bacteria (11156 and 10917 CFU/m3, respectively). Acinetobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were dominant pathogenic bacteria in animal barns, with Firmicutes being the most abundant bacterial phylum. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), there were more discriminative biomarkers in cattle barns than in poultry or swine barns, although the latter had the highest abundance of bacterial pathogens and high abundances of ARGs (including tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW sul1, sul2, ermA, ermB) and intI1). Based on network analyses, there were higher co-occurrence patterns between bacteria and ARGs in bioaerosol from swine barns. Furthermore, in these barns, relative abundance of bacteria in bioaerosol samples was greatly affected by environmental factors, mainly temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of CO2, NH3, and PM2.5. This study provided novel data regarding airborne bio-contaminants in animal enclosures and an impetus to improve management to reduce potential health impacts on humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peng Hao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shaoze Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Cui Y, Li D, Zhang M, Liu P, Wang H, Li Y, Wu Y. The Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut Health in Aged Labrador Retrievers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1713. [PMID: 38929332 PMCID: PMC11200521 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome changes with age, influencing the host's health and immune status. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) positively affects intestinal function in humans and animals, but its effects on gut health and the microbiota profile in aged dogs have not been thoroughly investigated. Twenty aged Labrador Retrievers were divided into two groups: a control group (CON) and a S. cerevisiae group (SC). The experiment lasted for 42 days, with assessments of their intestinal barrier function, inflammatory factors, antioxidant markers, and fecal microbiome composition. The results showed that dietary S. cerevisiae reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the serum (p < 0.05). In the SC group, plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased, while the level of malondialdehyde significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary S. cerevisiae lowered the serum zonulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels (p < 0.05) and inhibited fecal ammonia production (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the microbiota profile showed that dietary S. cerevisiae decreased the abundance of Firmicutes but increased the Chao index, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (p < 0.05). To conclude, dietary S. cerevisiae can regulate the gut's microbial structure and gut health, which may contribute to the overall health of companion animals as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Deping Li
- Hangzhou Netease Yanxuan Trading Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (P.L.); (H.W.); (Y.L.)
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Fu Y, Li E, Casey TM, Johnson TA, Adeola O, Ajuwon KM. Impact of maternal live yeast supplementation to sows on intestinal inflammatory cytokine expression and tight junction proteins in suckling and weanling piglets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae008. [PMID: 38206189 PMCID: PMC10836509 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation in modulating the gastrointestinal development and health of offspring. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation to sows during late gestation and throughout lactation on markers of gut health of piglets prior to weaning and immediately postweaning. On day 77 of gestation, forty sows were allotted based on parity and expected farrowing dates to two dietary treatments: without (CON) or with (LY) supplementation at 0.05% and 0.1% of diet during gestation and lactation, respectively. On postnatal days (PND) 0, 10, 18, and postweaning days (PWD) 7 and 14, one piglet from each of 10 sows per treatment were selected for intestinal tissue collection (n = 10). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses were used to determine the mucosal expression of immune and antioxidant-regulatory genes and tight junction markers of gut health in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Inflammatory and tight junction markers on PND 0 were not affected by maternal dietary treatment. On PND 18, maternal LY supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tended (P = 0.08) to increase expression of IL-10 in the ileal muocsa. Maternal LY supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) expression of IL-1β in the ileal mucosa on PWD 14. Likewise, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 was increased (P < 0.05) by LY on PND 10, 18, and PWD 14, with a tendency (P = 0.09) for a greater mRNA abundance of catalase on PND 14 in the ileal mucosa. Compared to CON piglets, LY piglets had a higher (P < 0.05) protein abundance of E-cadherin in the jejunal mucosa on PND 0, PWD 7, and PWD 14. Levels of occludin and claudin-4 were also higher (P < 0.05) in the jejunum of LY piglets on PWD 14. No differences were found in jejunal histomorphological measurements between treatments. In conclusion, this study shows that maternal LY supplementation affects key markers of gut health and development in the offspring that may impact the future growth potential and health of newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechi Fu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Enkai Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Paul SS, Rama Rao SV, Chatterjee RN, Raju MVLN, Mahato AK, Prakash B, Yadav SP, Kannan A, Reddy GN, Kumar V, Kumar PSP. An Immobilized Form of a Blend of Essential Oils Improves the Density of Beneficial Bacteria, in Addition to Suppressing Pathogens in the Gut and Also Improves the Performance of Chicken Breeding. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1960. [PMID: 37630519 PMCID: PMC10459846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) are used in chicken production to suppress pathogens in the gut and improve performance, but such products tend to suppress beneficial bacteria while favoring the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A green alternative to AGP with the ability to suppress pathogens, but with an additional ability to spare beneficial gut bacteria and improve breeding performance is urgently required. We investigated the effect of supplementation of a blend of select essential oils (cinnamon oil, carvacrol, and thyme oil, henceforth referred to as EO; at two doses: 200 g/t and 400 g/t feed) exhibiting an ability to spare Lactobacillus while exhibiting strong E. coli inhibition ability under in vitro tests and immobilized in a sunflower oil and calcium alginate matrix, to broiler chickens and compared the effects with those of a probiotic yeast (Y), an AGP virginiamycin (V), and a negative control (C). qPCR analysis of metagenomic DNA from the gut content of experimental chickens indicated a significantly (p < 0.05) lower density of E. coli in the EO groups as compared to other groups. Amplicon sequence data of the gut microbiome indicated that all the additives had specific significant effects (DESeq2) on the gut microbiome, such as enrichment of uncultured Clostridia in the V and Y groups and uncultured Ruminococcaceae in the EO groups, as compared to the control. LEfSe analysis of the sequence data indicated a high abundance of beneficial bacteria Ruminococcaceae in the EO groups, Faecalibacterium in the Y group, and Blautia in the V group. Supplementation of the immobilized EO at the dose rate of 400 g/ton feed improved body weight gain (by 64 g/bird), feed efficiency (by 5 points), and cellular immunity (skin thickness response to phytoheamagglutinin lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris by 58%) significantly (p < 0.05), whereas neither yeast nor virginiamycin showed a significant effect on performance parameters. Expression of genes associated with gut barrier and immunity function such as CLAUDIN1, IL6, IFNG, TLR2A, and NOD1 were significantly higher in the EO groups. This study showed that the encapsulated EO mixture can improve the density of beneficial microbes in the gut significantly, with concomitant suppression of potential pathogens such as E.coli and improved performance and immunity, and hence, has a high potential to be used as an effective alternative to AGP in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar Paul
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Savaram Venkata Rama Rao
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Rudra Nath Chatterjee
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Mantena Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Raju
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahato
- The Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500039, India;
| | - Bhukya Prakash
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Satya Pal Yadav
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Alagarsamy Kannan
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Godumagadda Narender Reddy
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
| | - Prakki Santosh Phani Kumar
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Poultry Nutrition, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.V.R.R.); (R.N.C.); (M.V.L.N.R.); (B.P.); (S.P.Y.); (A.K.); (G.N.R.); (V.K.); (P.S.P.K.)
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Kyoung H, Kim E, Cho JH, Lee H, Kim Y, Park KI, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary yeast cell wall enhanced intestinal health of broiler chickens by modulating intestinal integrity, immune responses, and microbiota. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102660. [PMID: 37043955 PMCID: PMC10140172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune responses of broiler chickens. In a randomized completely block design (block: initial body weight), a total of 800 broilers (Ross 308; 45.18 ± 3.13 g of initial body weight) were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (40 birds/pen; 10 replicates/treatment) and fed for 5 wk: 1) a basal broiler diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and 2) CON + 0.05% dietary YCW. Growth performance was measured at intervals in 3 phase feed program. On the final day of the study, one bird per pen was randomly selected and euthanized for sample collection. Broilers fed YCW had decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio during the grower phase compared with those fed CON. The YCW increased (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with the CON. In addition, the YCW tended to higher (P < 0.10) number of goblet cells in the duodenum than in the CON. Broilers fed YCW had increased (P < 0.05) serum TGF- β1, ileal gene expression of the claudin family, and relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Enterococcus compared with the CON, but decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.05), and IL-6 (P < 0.10), ileal gene expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05), and relative abundance of Clostridium (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that the addition of dietary YCW in broiler diets enhanced the intestinal health of broiler chickens and may be associated with modulated intestinal morphology and integrity by upregulating tight junction-related protein gene expression and modifying the ileal microbiota. In addition, dietary YCW modulated immune responses and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbae Lee
- Pathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Il Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Colombino E, Karimi M, Ton Nu MA, Tilatti AA, Bellezza Oddon S, Calini F, Bergamino C, Fiorilla E, Gariglio M, Gai F, Capucchio MT, Schiavone A, Gasco L, Biasato I. Effects of feeding a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102578. [PMID: 36933528 PMCID: PMC10031541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a healthy gut during prestarter and starter phases is crucial to drive chicken's productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal (pYSM) on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development in broiler chickens. A total of 576 as-hatched broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 24 chickens/replicate): a control group (C) without the pYSM, a treatment group 1 (T1), in which the pSYM was included at 20, 10, 5, 0, and 0% levels in the prestarter, starter, grower, finisher I, and finisher II feeding phases, respectively, and a treatment group 2 (T2), in which the pSYM was included at 5, 5, 5, 0, and 0% levels in each feeding phase. On d 3 and 10, 16 broilers/treatment were euthanized. The T1 broilers tended to show higher live weight (d 3 and 7) and average daily gain (prestarter and starter phases) than the other groups (P ≤ 0.10). Differently, pYSM-based diets did not influence the growth performance of the other feeding phases and the whole experimental period (P > 0.05). Relative weights of pancreas and liver were also unaffected by pYSM utilization (P > 0.05). Litter quality tended to have higher average scores in C group (P = 0.079), but no differences were observed for leg health (P > 0.05). Histomorphometry of gut, liver, and bursa of Fabricius was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Gut immunity was driven to an anti-inflammatory pattern, with the reduction of IL-2, INF-γ, and TNF-α in the duodenum of treated birds (d 3, P < 0.05). Also, MUC-2 was greater in the duodenum of C and T2 group when compared to T1 (d 3, P = 0.016). Finally, T1-fed chickens displayed greater aminopeptidase activity in the duodenum (d 3 and 10, P < 0.05) and jejunum (d 3, P < 0.05). Feeding high levels of pYSM (10-20%) to broilers in the first 10 d tended to improve growth performance in the prestarter and starter phases. It also positively downregulated proinflammatory cytokines during the first 3 d, as well as stimulated the aminopeptidase activity in the prestarter and starter periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Bergamino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy; Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, Italy.
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Lin Y, Yu C, Ma Z, Che L, Feng B, Fang Z, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Li J, Zhang J, Yang M, Chen P, Wu D. Effects of Yeast Culture Supplementation in Wheat-Rice-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Gut Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172177. [PMID: 36077898 PMCID: PMC9454582 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, gut health, and microbiota community of growing−finishing pigs. A total of 45 growing−finishing pigs were randomly allocated to three treatments: a corn−soybean-based diet (CON, n = 15), a wheat−rice-based diet (GRA, n = 15), and GRA supplemented with 500 mg/kg yeast culture (YC, n = 15). The results show that compared to the CON group, the GRA group exhibited no significant differences in feed intake, daily gain, or feed conversion ratio, but had significantly reduced feed cost per kilogram BW gain of the finishing pigs (p < 0.05). Compared to that of the CON group, the GRA and YC groups showed an increase in the dressing percentage (p < 0.1). The meat color redness of the YC group increased (p < 0.1), whereas the b* value at 24 h decreased (p < 0.1). Meanwhile, the addition of YC significantly increased total superoxide dismutase activity on day 30 and catalase activity on day 60 (p < 0.05), and decreased serum urea nitrogen content on day 60 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, YC supplementation increased the gene expression of the duodenal anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.05), while it significantly decreased the gene expression of the ileal pro-inflammatory factor IL-8 (p < 0.05). The intestinal microbial identification results show that compared to the CON group, the YC group showed an increase in the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium in the colon, and a decrease in the relative abundances of Bacteroidea, Clostridae, and Prevotella in the cecum. In conclusion, the growth performance of pigs on a wheat−rice-based diet was similar to that of pigs on a corn−soybean-based diet. Supplementation of 0.5% YC in the wheat−rice-based diet could improve the dressing percentage and meat color of growing−finishing pigs, which might be due to the increase in nitrogen utility and antioxidant capacity, and the improvement of the immune system and changes in microbiota communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: author: (Y.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Pet Nutrition and Health Research Center, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Enhalor International Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: author: (Y.L.); (D.W.)
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