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Gormley A, Jang KB, Garavito-Duarte Y, Deng Z, Kim SW. Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1858. [PMID: 38997970 PMCID: PMC11240334 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to identify the nutritional challenges faced by modern sows and present potential solutions to mitigate excessive maternal tissue loss and reproductive failure as it relates to recent genetic improvements. Current feeding programs have limitations to support the rapid genetic improvements in reproductive performance for modern sows. Since 2012, both litter size at birth and fetal weight have increased by 2.26 pigs per litter and 0.22 kg per piglet, respectively, thereby increasing the nutrient needs for sows during gestation and lactation. Prediction models generated in this review predict that modern sows would need 31% more lysine during gestation when compared with current feeding programs. Physiological challenges facing modern sows are also addressed in this review. High oxidative stress, pelvic organ prolapse, and lameness can directly affect the sow, whereas these physiological challenges can have negative impacts on colostrum and milk quality. In response, there is growing interest in investigating the functional roles of select bioactive compounds as feed additives to mitigate the severity of these challenges. Selenium sources, catechins, and select plant extracts have been utilized to reduce oxidative stress, calcium chloride and phytase have been used to mitigate pelvic organ prolapse and lameness, algae and yeast derivatives have been used to improve colostrum and milk quality, and fiber sources and probiotics have been commonly utilized to improve sow intestinal health. Collectively, this review demonstrates the unique challenges associated with managing the feeding programs for modern sows and the opportunities for revision of the amino acid requirements as well as the use of select bioactive compounds to improve reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (A.G.); (K.B.J.); (Y.G.-D.); (Z.D.)
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Chang J, Jia X, Liu Y, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Feng B, Fang Z, Li J, Hua L, Wang J, Ren Z, Wu D, Xu S. Microbial Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Yeast-Derived Postbiotics in Improving Sow Reproductive Performance in Late Gestation and Lactation Sows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:162. [PMID: 38200893 PMCID: PMC10777949 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of supplementing Yeast-derived postbiotics (Y-dP) to the diet of sows during late pregnancy and lactation on fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in sows and their offspring weaned piglets, as well as the relationship between gut microbiota and SCFA, serum cytokines, and sow reproductive performance. A total of 150 sows were divided into three groups: control diet (CON), CON + Y-dP 1.25 g/kg, and CON + Y-dP 2 g/kg. The results showed that supplementing 0.125% Y-dP to the diet of sows can increase the content of isobutyric acid (IBA) in the feces of pregnant sows and reduce the content of butyric acid (BA) in the feces of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). The fecal microbiota of pregnant sows β diversity reduced and piglet fecal microbiota β diversity increased (p < 0.05). Y-dP significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Limosilactobacilli in the feces of pregnant sows (p < 0.05), as well as the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota in the feces of piglets (p < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidota in the feces of pregnant sows is positively correlated with propionic acid (PA) (r > 0.5, p < 0.05). The abundance of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group was positively correlated with Acetic acid (AA), PA, Valerate acid (VA), and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in the feces of pregnant sows (r > 0.5, p < 0.05), and Bacteroidota and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were negatively correlated with the number of stillbirths (r < -0.5, p < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus and Holdemanella in piglet feces was positively correlated with TVFA in feces and negatively correlated with IgA in serum (r > 0.5, p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing Y-dP to the diet of sows from late gestation to lactation can increase the chao1 index and α diversity of fecal microorganisms in sows during lactation, increase the abundance of Actinobacteria and Limosilactobacilli in the feces of sows during pregnancy, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidetes in piglet feces, thereby improving intestinal health. These findings provide a reference for the application of Y-dP in sow production and a theoretical basis for Y-dP to improve sow production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Yalei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.C.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
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