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Yi X, Feng M, Zhu J, Yu H, He Z, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhang Q, Pang W. Adipocyte Progenitor Pools Composition and Cellular Niches Affect Adipogenesis Divergence in Porcine Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Fat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38848240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) contributed positively to pork quality, whereas subcutaneous fat (SCF) was often considered to be a detrimental factor impacting growth and carcass traits. Reducing SCF while maintaining optimal IMF levels requires a thorough understanding of the adipogenic differences between these two adipose depots. Our study explored the differences in adipogenesis between porcine IMF and SCF, and the results showed that subcutaneous adipocytes (SCAs) demonstrate a greater potential for adipogenic differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that intramuscular adipocytes (IMAs) are more inclined to biosynthesize unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed to dissect the intrinsic and microenvironmental discrepancies in adipogenesis between porcine IMF and SCF. Comparative analysis indicated that SCF was enriched with preadipocytes, exhibiting an enhanced adipogenic potential, while IMF was characterized by a higher abundance of stem cells. Furthermore, coculture analyses of porcine intramuscular adipogenic cells and myogenetic cells indicated that the niche of IMAs inhibited its adipogenic differentiation. Cell communication analysis identified 160 ligand-receptor pairs and channels between adipogenic and myogenetic cells in IMF. Collectively, our study elucidated two intrinsic and microenvironmental novel mechanisms underpinning the divergence in adipogenesis between porcine SCF and IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - He Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Que Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Shi J, Li Z, Jia L, Ma Y, Huang Y, He P, Ran T, Liu W, Zhang W, Cheng Q, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Castration alters the ileum microbiota of Holstein bulls and promotes beef flavor compounds. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:426. [PMID: 38684965 PMCID: PMC11059720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the beef industry, bull calves are usually castrated to improve flavor and meat quality; however, this can reduce their growth and slaughter performance. The gut microbiota is known to exert a significant influence on growth and slaughter performance. However, there is a paucity of research investigating the impact of castration on gut microbiota composition and its subsequent effects on slaughter performance and meat flavor. RESULT The objective of this study was to examine the processes via which castration hinders slaughter productivity and enhances meat quality. Bull and castrated calves were maintained under the same management conditions, and at slaughter, meat quality was assessed, and ileum and epithelial tissue samples were obtained. The research employed metagenomic sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics techniques to investigate the makeup of the microbiota and identify differential metabolites. The findings of this study revealed the Carcass weight and eye muscle area /carcass weight in the bull group were significantly higher than those in the steer group. There were no significant differences in the length, width, and crypt depth of the ileum villi between the two groups. A total of 53 flavor compounds were identified in the two groups of beef, of which 16 were significantly higher in the steer group than in the bull group, and 5 were significantly higher in the bull group than in the steer group. In addition, bacteria, Eukaryota, and virus species were significantly separated between the two groups. The lipid metabolism pathways of α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids were significantly enriched in the Steers group. Compared with the steer group, the organic system pathway is significantly enriched in the bull group. The study also found that five metabolites (LPC (0:0/20:3), LPC (20:3/0:0), LPE (0:0/22:5), LPE (22:5/0:0), D-Mannosamine), and three species (s_Cloning_vector_Hsp70_LexA-HP1, s_Bacteroides_Coprophilus_CAG: 333, and s_Clostridium_nexile-CAG: 348) interfere with each other and collectively have a positive impact on the flavor compounds of beef. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a basic understanding that under the same management conditions, castration does indeed reduce the slaughter performance of bulls and improve the flavor of beef. Microorganisms and metabolites contribute to these changes through interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zemin Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tao Ran
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wangjing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Gansu Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang, 744300, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Gansu Huarui Agriculture Co., Ltd, Zhangye, 734500, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Mizoguchi Y, Guan LL. - Invited Review - Translational gut microbiome research for strategies to improve beef cattle production sustainability and meat quality. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:346-359. [PMID: 38186252 PMCID: PMC10838664 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced and innovative breeding and management of meat-producing animals are needed to address the global food security and sustainability challenges. Beef production is an important industry for securing animal protein resources in the world and meat quality significantly contributes to the economic values and human needs. Improvement of cattle feed efficiency has become an urgent task as it can lower the environmental burden of methane gas emissions and the reduce the consumption of human edible cereal grains. Cattle depend on their symbiotic microbiome and its activity in the rumen and gut to maintain growth and health. Recent developments in high-throughput omics analysis (metagenome, metatranscriptome, metabolome, metaproteome and so on) have made it possible to comprehensively analyze microbiome, hosts and their interactions and to define their roles in affecting cattle biology. In this review, we focus on the relationships among gut microbiome and beef meat quality, feed efficiency, methane emission as well as host genetics in beef cattle, aiming to determine the current knowledge gaps for the development of the strategies to improve the sustainability of beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Mizoguchi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571,
Japan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5,
Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5,
Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
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Pereira-Junior SAG, Costa RV, Rodrigues JL, Torrecilhas JA, Chiaratti MR, Lanna DPD, das Chagas JC, Nociti RP, Meirelles FV, Ferraz JBS, Fernandes MHMR, Almeida MTC, Ezequiel JMB. Soybean molasses increases subcutaneous fat deposition while reducing lipid oxidation in the meat of castrated lambs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae130. [PMID: 38719973 PMCID: PMC11208934 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including soybean molasses (SM) on performance, blood parameters, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid, and muscle (longissimus thoracis) transcriptomic profiles of castrated lambs. Twenty Dorper × Santa Inês lambs (20.06 ± 0.76 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to a randomized block design, stratified by BW, with the following treatments: CON: 0 g/kg of SM and SM20: 200 g/kg of SM on dry matter basis, allocated in individual pens. The diet consisted of 840 g/kg concentrate and 160 g/kg corn silage for 76 d, with the first 12 d as an adaptation period and the remaining 64 d on the finishing diet. The SM20 diet increased blood urea concentration (P = 0.03) while reduced glucose concentration (P = 0.04). Lambs fed SM showed higher subcutaneous fat deposition (P = 0.04) and higher subcutaneous adipocyte diameter (P < 0.01), in addition to reduced meat lipid oxidation (P < 0.01). SM reduced the quantity of branched-chain fatty acids in longissimus thoracis (P = 0.05) and increased the quantity of saturated fatty acids (P = 0.01). In the transcriptomic analysis, 294 genes were identified as differentially expressed, which belong to pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, and monosaccharide metabolic process. In conclusion, diet with SM increased carcass fat deposition, reduced lipid oxidation, and changed the energy metabolism, supporting its use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rayanne V Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia L Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Torrecilhas
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dante P D Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia C das Chagas
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SPBrazil
| | - Flavio V Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SPBrazil
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SPBrazil
| | - Márcia H M R Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio C Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jane M B Ezequiel
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science and Veterinary College, São Paulo State University “Unesp”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Zhang X, Han L, Gui L, Raza SHA, Hou S, Yang B, Wang Z, Ma Y, Makhlof RTM, Alhuwaymil Z, Ibrahim SF. Metabolome and microbiome analysis revealed the effect mechanism of different feeding modes on the meat quality of Black Tibetan sheep. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1076675. [PMID: 36687606 PMCID: PMC9854131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1076675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Black Tibetan sheep is one of the primitive sheep breeds in China that is famous for its great eating quality and nutrient value but with little attention to the relationship between feeding regimes and rumen metabolome along with its impact on the muscle metabolism and meat quality. Methods This study applies metabolomics-based analyses of muscles and 16S rDNA-based sequencing of rumen fluid to examine how feeding regimes influence the composition of rumen microbiota, muscle metabolism and ultimately the quality of meat from Black Tibetan sheep. Twenty-seven rams were randomly assigned to either indoor feeding conditions (SG, n = 9), pasture grazing with indoor feeding conditions (BG, n = 9) or pasture grazing conditions (CG, n = 9) for 120 days. Results The results showed that, compared with BG and CG, SG improved the quality of Black Tibetan sheep mutton by preventing a decline in pH and increasing fat deposition to enhance the color, tenderness and water holding capacity (WHC) of the Longissimus lumborum (LL). Metabolomics and correlation analyses further indicated that the feeding regimes primarily altered amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in muscles, thereby influencing the amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) levels as well as the color, tenderness and WHC of the LL. Furthermore, SG increased the abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group, Methanobrevibacter, Ruminococcus 2 and Quinella, decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Prevotella 1 and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and showed a tendency to decrease the abundance of Succinivibrio and Selenomonas 1. Interestingly, all of these microorganisms participated in the deposition of AAs and FAs and modified the levels of different metabolites involved in the regulation of meat quality (maltotriose, pyruvate, L-ascorbic acid, chenodeoxycholate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, glutathione, etc.). Discussion Overall, the results suggest that feeding Black Tibetan sheep indoors with composite forage diet was beneficial to improve the mouthfeel of meat, its color and its nutritional value by altering the abundance of rumen bacteria which influenced muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Han, ✉
| | - Linsheng Gui
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China,Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Baochun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhiyou Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Raafat T. M. Makhlof
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Zamzam Alhuwaymil
- Organic Department, College of Science and Humanities at Al-Quway'iyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Han L, Hou S, Raza SHA, Gui L, Sun S, Wang Z, Yang B, Yuan Z, Simal-Gandara J, El-Shehawi AM, Alswat A, Alenezi MA, Shukry M, Sayed SM, Aloufi BH. Metabolomics approach reveals high energy diet improves the quality and enhances the flavor of black Tibetan sheep meat by altering the composition of rumen microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915558. [PMID: 36034898 PMCID: PMC9405419 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the impact of dietary energy levels on rumen microbial composition and its relationship to the quality of Black Tibetan sheep meat by applying metabolomics and Pearson's correlation analyses. For this purpose, UHPLC-QTOF-MS was used to identify the metabolome, whereas 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the rumen microbiota. Eventually, we observed that the high energy diet group (HS) improved the carcass quality of Black Tibetan sheep and fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum (LL) compared to the medium energy diet group (MS). However, HS considerably increased the texture, water holding capacity (WHC), and volatile flavor of the LL when compared to that of MS and the low energy diet group (LS). Metabolomics and correlation analyses revealed that dietary energy levels mainly affected the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids of the LL, which consequently influenced the content of volatile flavor compounds (VOCs) and fats. Furthermore, HS increased the abundance of Quinella, Ruminococcus 2, (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes, and Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, all of which participate in the carbohydrate metabolism in rumen and thus influence the metabolite levels (stachyose, isomaltose, etc.) in the LL. Overall, a high-energy diet is desirable for the production of Black Tibetan sheep mutton because it improves the mouthfeel and flavor of meat by altering the composition of rumen microbiota, which influences the metabolism in the LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Zhiyou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Baochun Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneefah A. Alenezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Hamad Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Costa TC, Gionbelli MP, Duarte MDS. Fetal programming in ruminant animals: understanding the skeletal muscle development to improve meat quality. Anim Front 2021; 11:66-73. [PMID: 34934531 PMCID: PMC8683153 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Correia Costa
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio de Souza Duarte
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Caetano M, Goulart RS, Silva SL, Leme PR, Pflanzer SB, dos Santos ACR, Lanna DPD. Effects of the Duration of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation and Days on Feed on Performance, Carcass Traits and Saleable Meat Yield of Nellore Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082450. [PMID: 34438906 PMCID: PMC8388753 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) is a β-adrenergic agonist (βAA) to be feed to feedlot cattle at a rate of 8.3 mg/kg during the final 20 to 40 d of the finishing period followed by a minimum 3 d withdrawal period. This compound has the potential to increase animal performance, improve carcass weight and meat yield. Although significant information regarding the effects of duration of ZH supplementation and days on the feed of Bos taurus cattle has been provided, there is a lack of information relative to its effects on Bos indicus breeds such as Nellore cattle. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of the duration of ZH supplementation and DOF on performance, carcass characteristics, and saleable meat yield of Nellore bulls. The HCW and total saleable meat yield linearly increased with the duration of ZH supplementation as well as when the length of the feedlot period increased. We recommend supplementing ZH for Nellore bulls at least for 20 days, independently of days on feed, to improve hot carcass weight, hindquarter, and saleable meat yields of Nellore bulls. Abstract This study evaluated the effects of the duration of ZH supplementation and days on feed (DOF) on performance, carcass characteristics, and saleable meat yield of Nellore young bulls. The fixed effects included the duration (0, 20, 30, or 40 d before slaughter plus a 3 d ZH withdrawal period—8.33 mg of ZH/kg of DM) and DOF (90 and 117 d). Feed efficiency (G:F) linearly increased when the duration of ZH supplementation increased (p < 0.01). Nellore bulls fed ZH had greater HCW (p < 0.01), dressing percentage (p < 0.01) and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) (p < 0.01), but less 12th-rib fat (p = 0.04) than the control group. The hot carcass weight (HCW) (p < 0.01), and dressing percentage increased linearly (p < 0.01) with the increase of duration of ZH supplementation. The HCW, ossification, and 12th-rib fat increased with DOF (p < 0.01). The ZH supplemented group had most of the individual cuts of hindquarters and total saleable meat increased compared with the control. Zilpaterol hydrochloride was effective in improving hot carcass weight, hindquarter, and saleable meat yields of Nellore bulls when fed for at least 20 d before slaughter, independently of days on feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Caetano
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, Department of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia;
| | - Rodrigo S. Goulart
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saulo L. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
| | - Paulo R. Leme
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
| | - Sérgio B. Pflanzer
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Antonio C. R. dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.R.d.S.); (D.P.D.L.)
| | - Dante P. D. Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.R.d.S.); (D.P.D.L.)
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9
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Krause TR, Lourenco JM, Welch CB, Rothrock MJ, Callaway TR, Pringle TD. The relationship between the rumen microbiome and carcass merit in Angus steers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa287. [PMID: 32877916 PMCID: PMC7526868 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between ruminal microbial populations from Angus steers that were divergent in carcass traits related to adipose accumulation. Twenty-four feedlot-finished Angus steers (age: 538 ± 21 d; body weight following lairage: 593.9 ± 43.7 kg) were slaughtered, and ruminal contents and carcass data were collected. Ruminal microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing were performed to determine microbial relative abundances, to estimate microbial diversity, and to predict microbial metabolic pathways. A variety of correlation analyses and one-way ANOVA were performed to investigate the relationships between the rumen microbiome and carcass traits. Marbling score (P = 0.001) and longissimus lipid content (P = 0.009) were positively correlated to Chao1 Richness Index, suggesting that increased intramuscular fat was associated with increased numbers of ruminal microbial species. The phyla Tenericutes and TM7 were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to marbling score and longissimus lipid content, indicating that lower abundances of these phyla may be associated with improvements in intramuscular fat content. Greater abundance of the bacterial family S24-7 was positively correlated (P = 0.002) to marbling score. Analysis by marbling classification revealed further linkages to microbial richness (P ≤ 0.063), diversity (P = 0.044), and S24-7 (P < 0.001) populations. Computational prediction of the microbial metabolic pathways revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.05) in metabolic pathway expression in rumen microbes between steers in the high- and low-marbling classes. Several phyla, families, and genera were positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to both rib fat thickness and yield grade. Collectively, our results suggest that microbial composition is associated to differing performance in carcass adipose traits. Overall, most of the bacterial taxa correlated to the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots did not overlap, suggesting the microbial population end products likely impacted adipose accumulation largely via separate adipogenic pathways of the host animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Krause
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Christina B Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - T Dean Pringle
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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10
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Cooke RF, Daigle CL, Moriel P, Smith SB, Tedeschi LO, Vendramini JMB. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: social, nutritional, and carcass quality considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa014. [PMID: 31955200 PMCID: PMC7023624 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef production needs to increase from 60 million to 130 million tons by 2050 to feed a growing world population, and 70% of this production increase is expected from beef industries located in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Bos indicus-influenced cattle predominate in these regions but are often managed using practices developed for Bos taurus breeds reared in temperate climates. Hence, a fundamental step to meet the increasing global demand for beef is to develop specific management for B. indicus-influenced cattle in tropical or subtropical environments. Bos taurus and B. indicus are different subspecies, and diverge in social and biological functions due to selection pressure caused by complex evolutionary and domestication processes. Bos indicus cattle display different social responses compared with B. taurus counterparts, which must be taken into account by management planning as these traits directly impact cattle performance and welfare. In tropical and subtropical regions, warm-season perennial C4 grasses are the dominant forages, and their availability has a significant influence on the productivity of beef cattle systems. The resilience of C4 grasses under adverse conditions is one of their most important characteristics, even though these forages have reduced nutritive value compared with forages from temperate climates. Accordingly, nutritional planning in tropical and subtropical conditions must include management to optimize the quantity and quality of C4 forages. Nutritional requirements of cattle raised within these conditions also require special attention, including inherent metabolic compromises to cope with environmental constraints and altered energy requirements due to body composition and heat tolerance. Nutritional interventions to enhance beef production need to be specifically tailored and validated in B. indicus-influenced cattle. As an example, supplementation programs during gestation or early life to elicit fetal programming or metabolic imprinting effects, respectively, yield discrepant outcomes between subspecies. Bos indicus-influenced cattle produce carcasses with less marbling than B. taurus cattle, despite recent genetic and management advances. This outcome is mostly related to reduced intramuscular adipocyte volume in B. indicus breeds, suggesting a lesser need for energy stored intramuscularly as a mechanism to improve thermotolerance in tropical and subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Courtney L Daigle
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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11
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu X, He Z, Cong P, Chen Y, Mo D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a More Complicated Adipogenic Process in Intramuscular Stem Cells than That of Subcutaneous Vascular Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4700-4708. [PMID: 30929441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fat-related traits have great influences on pork quality. As different fat tissues have different biochemical profiles depending on their location, intramuscular fat contributes to gustatory qualities, while subcutaneous fat is considered as a negative factor associated with growth performance. In this study, both primary intramuscular and subcutaneous vascular stem cells (IVSCs and SVSCs) could be differentiated into mature adipocytes, though the IVSC differentiation efficiency was lower. By comparative analysis of transcriptomes, 2524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between two VSCs before differentiation, while only 551 DEGs were found and enriched in two pathways including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids after differentiation. This result indicated that differentiated VSCs were more similar. During differentiation, more DEGs existed in IVSCs than that in SVSCs, suggesting that adipogenesis of IVSCs might be more complex. Additionally, the expression level of DEGs involved in the adipogenic process helps to explain the difference of differentiation efficiency between IVSCs and SVSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , P.R. China
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