1
|
Luan J, Jin Y, Zhang T, Feng X, Geng K, Zhang M, Geng C. Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls. Meat Sci 2023; 206:109322. [PMID: 37666007 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls. Twenty Yanbian cattle (bulls) with initial body weight (BW) 485 ± 42 kg were randomly divided into two groups (control and treatment groups) and participated in a100-day finishing trial. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (total mixed ration, TMR). The treatment group was fed a basal diet supplemented with VE (provided as α-tocopherol acetate, 700 IU/bull/day). VE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of finishing bulls, the beef marbling score, meat color parameters (a* [redness]), intramuscular fat content, the concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), VE and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-13) in the serum and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). VE supplementation significantly decreased drip loss and cooking loss of the beef, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum and muscle tissue, the concentration of malondialdehyde in the muscle tissue (P < 0.05), and tended to decrease the feed: gain (P = 0.077) and shear force (P = 0.062) of the beef. In conclusion, VE supplementation can improve the meat quality parameters of finishing bulls, especially the improvement of beef tenderness. The improvement of beef tenderness by VE supplementation may be related to the increase of MMPs concentration, and a potential mechanism for the secretion of MMPs by VE supplementation may be related to its antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yinghai Jin
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kai Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li S, Chen J, Zhu H, Harsh BN, Boler DD, Dilger AC, Shike DW, Suman SP. Supranutritional Supplementation of Vitamin E Influences Myoglobin Post-Translational Modifications in Postmortem Beef Longissimus Lumborum Muscle. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) in myoglobin (Mb) can influence fresh meat color stability. Dietary supplementation of vitamin E improves beef color stability by delaying lipid oxidation–induced Mb oxidation and influences proteome profile of postmortem beef skeletal muscles. Nonetheless, the influence of vitamin E on Mb PTM in postmortem beef skeletal muscles has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the effect of dietary vitamin E on Mb PTM in postmortem beef longissimus lumborum muscle. Beef longissimus lumborum muscle samples (24 h postmortem) were obtained from the carcasses of 9 vitamin E–supplemented (VITE; 1,000 IU vitamin E diet/heifer·d−1for 89 d) and 9 control (CONT; no supplemental vitamin E) heifers. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate Mb from other sarcoplasmic proteins of beef longissimus lumborum muscle. Tandem mass spectrometry identified multiple PTM (phosphorylation, acetylation, 4-hydroxynonenalalkylation, methylation, dimethylation, trimethylation, and carboxymethylation) in the protein bands (17 kDa) representing Mb. The amino acids susceptible to phosphorylation were threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y), whereas lysine (K) residues were prone to other PTM. The same sites of phosphorylation (T34, T67, Y103), carboxymethylation (K77, K78), and 4-hydroxynonenal alkylation (K77, K78, K79) were identified in Mb from CONT and VITE samples, indicating that these PTM were not influenced by the vitamin E supplementation in cattle. Nonetheless, differential occurrence of acetylation, methylation, dimethylation, and trimethylation were identified in Mb from CONT and VITE samples. Overall, a greater number of amino acids were modified in CONT than VITE, suggesting that the supplementation of vitamin E decreased thenumbers of post-translationally modified residues in Mb. Additionally, PTM at K87, K96, K98, and K102 were unique to CONT, whereas PTM at K118 were unique to VITE. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation of vitamin E in beef cattle might protect amino acid residues in Mb—especially those located spatially close to proximal histidine—from undergoing PTM, thereby improving Mb redox stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- University of Kentucky Department of Animal and Food Sciences
| | - Shuting Li
- University of Kentucky Department of Animal and Food Sciences
| | - Jing Chen
- University of Kentucky Proteomics Core Facility
| | - Haining Zhu
- University of Kentucky Proteomics Core Facility
| | - Bailey N. Harsh
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences
| | - Dustin D. Boler
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences
| | - Anna C. Dilger
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences
| | - Daniel W. Shike
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakker CE, Hite LM, Wright CL, Brake DW, Smart AJ, Blair AD, Grubbs JK, Underwood KR. Impact of feeding cover crop forage containing brassicas to steers during backgrounding on live animal performance, carcass characteristics, and meat color 1. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab124. [PMID: 34409264 PMCID: PMC8369253 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica cover crops are an option for producers to incorporate into their cropping system to improve soil health and also provide a feed resource for cattle. While brassica cover crops have been widely used for grazing cows, their use as a backgrounding feedstuff is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of feeding a brassica cover crop mixture during backgrounding on live animal performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 30 Angus-based steers were assigned to one of two dietary treatments during backgrounding 1) ad libitum access to a diet containing freshly cut brassica cover crop forage (CC) containing radish, turnip, rapeseed, rye grass, and a liquid supplement or 2) common Midwestern dry lot growing diet containing silage, soybean meal, grass hay, and a liquid supplement (CON). Steers were assigned to electronic feed bunks (Insentec RIC, Hokofarm Group; Marknesse, the Netherlands) for collection of individual feed intake. Diets were formulated to be nutritionally similar on a dry matter basis. Steers were paired by weight across treatments and pair fed. Dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated daily for steers in the CC treatment and the following day, CON steers were allowed access to an equal amount of dry matter using the Insentec RIC system. Steers were weighed weekly and backgrounded for 44 days before transitioning to a common finishing diet and weighed every 28 days. Steers were harvested at an estimated average backfat thickness of 1 cm. Standard carcass data were measured and strip loins and shoulder clods were collected. Instrumental and subjective color were measured on ground beef for 8 days and instrumental color was measured on strip steaks for 11 days. Treatment did not influence carcass characteristics, average daily gain, and DMI (P > 0.17). However, CON steers exhibited increased gain to feed ratio (P = 0.02). Additionally, a treatment by day interaction was observed for ground beef discoloration as the CC treatment displayed increased discoloration on days 4, 6, and 7 of case life (P < 0.01). These data indicate that brassicas may be utilized in a backgrounding diet without negatively impacting carcass characteristics but may decrease case life of ground beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Bakker
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Lydia M Hite
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Cody L Wright
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Derek W Brake
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Alexander J Smart
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Amanda D Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Judson K Grubbs
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Impact of Feeding Cover Crop Forage Containing Brassicas to Steers during Backgrounding on Palatability Attributes of Beef Strip Steaks. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061250. [PMID: 34072846 PMCID: PMC8226966 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica cover crops have been widely used for improving soil health and as a feed resource for grazing cows, but their use in backgrounding diets is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of feeding a brassica cover crop mixture during backgrounding on beef palatability. Thirty steers were assigned to one of two dietary treatments during backgrounding with (1) ad libitum access to freshly cut brassica cover crop forage (CC) containing radish, turnip, rapeseed, and rye grass, or (2) common Midwestern dry lot backgrounding diet (CON). The steers were transitioned to a common finishing diet after backgrounding. Striploins were collected after harvest, and were analyzed for evaluation of the Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), collagen content, autolysis of calpain-1, proteolysis of desmin, and troponin-T; in addition, the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor evaluated by a trained sensory panel. A treatment x day interaction was observed for WBSF (p = 0.02). Steaks from the CON diet were less tender than CC steaks on days 3 and 7, but did not differ on days 14 and 21. Feeding a brassica mixture cover crop during the backgrounding phase of production did not impact the collagen content, autolysis of calpain-1, or proteolysis of desmin and troponin-T. Thus, additional investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the differences observed in instrumental tenderness is warranted.
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Parenteral Supplementation with Minerals and Vitamins on Oxidative Stress and Humoral Immune Response of Weaning Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081298. [PMID: 32751362 PMCID: PMC7459712 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning is a stressful phase for calves; the stress due to separation from the cow results in weight loss and may lead to a decrease in the immune system, making calves more prone to diseases, even in a low-stress (fence-line) weaning system. Mineral and vitamin supplementation can improve the immune system and could therefore be of assistance for calves during weaning. We studied the effects of injectable (subcutaneous) supplementation with copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, and vitamins A and E. Calves were supplemented twice, before weaning and on the day of weaning. We evaluated variables related to the immune status and the immune response to a vaccine containing bovine herpesvirus type 1, as well as body weight and average daily gain. Parenteral supplementation of minerals and vitamins with antioxidant effects in a low-stress weaning system prevented the decrease in variables related to the immune system, improved antibody response, and had positive effects on body weight. Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effects of injectable mineral and vitamin supplementation on weaning calves subjected to a low-stress (fence-line) weaning system. Seven-month-old Aberdeen Angus female calves (n = 40, 152 ± 11 kg body weight) from a selenium-deficient area of extensive cattle production on natural grass were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 20 each). One group received subcutaneous supplementation with copper, zinc, selenium, manganese and vitamins A and E (SG), and the other was given sterile saline solution (CG). The animals were supplemented twice, seven days before weaning (day −7) and on the day of weaning (day 0), and they were evaluated 30 (+30) and 60 (+60) days after weaning. Total antioxidant status (TAS), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, body weight, and average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated. Additionally, antibody titers were assessed prior to and after each immunization with a vaccine containing bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1). On day +30, body weight (p = 0.03) was higher in SG, whereas TAS (p = 0.02) and GPx (p = 0.0038) activity were lower in CG and remained constant in SG. Antibody titers increased in SG and CG following immunization, being higher in SG on days +30 and +60 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, parenteral supplementation of minerals and vitamins with antioxidant effects in a low-stress weaning system prevented the decrease in TAS and GPx activity, improved antibody response and had positive effects on body weight.
Collapse
|