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Narita Y, Tamura A, Hatakeyama S, Uemura S, Miura A, Haga A, Tsuji N, Fujie N, Izumi Y, Sugawara T, Otaka M, Okamoto K, Lu P, Okuda S, Suzuki M, Nagata K, Shimizu H, Itoh H. The components of the AhR-molecular chaperone complex differ depending on whether the ligands are toxic or non-toxic. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1478-1490. [PMID: 38605276 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) forms a complex with the HSP90-XAP2-p23 molecular chaperone when the cells are exposed to toxic compounds. Recently, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) was reported to be an AhR ligand. Here, we investigated the components of the molecular chaperone complex when DHNA binds to AhR. Proteins eluted from the 3-Methylcolanthrene-affinity column were AhR-HSP90-XAP2-p23 complex. The AhR-molecular chaperone complex did not contain p23 in the eluents from the DHNA-affinity column. In 3-MC-treated cells, AhR formed a complex with HSP90-XAP2-p23 and nuclear translocation occurred within 30 min, while in DHNA-treated cells, AhR formed a complex with AhR-HSP90-XAP2, and translocation was slow from 60 min. Thus, the AhR activation mechanism may differ when DHNA is the ligand compared to toxic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Arisa Tamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Shiori Hatakeyama
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Seiya Uemura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Asami Haga
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuji
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujie
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Yukina Izumi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Japan
| | - Taku Sugawara
- Department of Life Science, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Michiro Otaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Fernando PDSM, Herath HMUL, Yi JM, Choi YH, Hyun YM, Zhang K, Park CO, Hyun JW. Particulate matter stimulates the NADPH oxidase system via AhR-mediated epigenetic modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123675. [PMID: 38447650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Stimulation of human keratinocytes with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) elicits complex signaling events, including a rise in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced ROS production remain unknown. Here, we show that PM2.5-induced ROS production in human keratinocytes is mediated via the NADPH oxidase (NOXs) system and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. PM2.5 treatment increased the expression of NOX1, NOX4, and a calcium-sensitive NOX, dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. PM2.5 bound to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and this complex bound to promoter regions of NOX1 and DUOX1, suggesting that AhR acted as a transcription factor of NOX1 and DUOX1. PM2.5 increased the transcription of DUOX1 via epigenetic modification. Moreover, a link between DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase with the promoter regions of DUOX1 led to an elevation in the expression of DUOX1 mRNA. Interestingly, PM2.5 increased NOX4 expression and promoted the interaction of NOX4 and Ca2+ channels within the cytoplasmic membrane or endoplasmic reticulum, leading to Ca2+ release. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration activated DUOX1, responsible for ROS production. Our findings provide evidence for a PM2.5-mediated ROS-generating system network, in which increased NOX1, NOX4, and DUOX1 expression serves as a ROS signal through AhR and Ca2+ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | | | | | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kelun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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3
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Zhou N, Chen J, Ling Z, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Wang D, Zhou L, Wang Z, Sun N, Wang X, Zhang H, Tang K, Ma J, Lv J, Huang B. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor sulfenylation promotes glycogenolysis and rescues cancer chemoresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170753. [PMID: 38099490 PMCID: PMC10721154 DOI: 10.1172/jci170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a general consequence of tumor cells' response to treatment and may cause tumor cell death. Mechanisms by which tumor cells clear fatal ROS, thereby rescuing redox balance and entering a chemoresistant state, remain unclear. Here, we show that cysteine sulfenylation by ROS confers on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) the ability to dissociate from the heat shock protein 90 complex but to bind to the PPP1R3 family member PPP1R3C of the glycogen complex in drug-treated tumor cells, thus activating glycogen phosphorylase to initiate glycogenolysis and the subsequent pentose phosphate pathway, leading to NADPH production for ROS clearance and chemoresistance formation. We found that basic ROS levels were higher in chemoresistant cells than in chemosensitive cells, guaranteeing the rapid induction of AHR sulfenylation for the clearance of excess ROS. These findings reveal that AHR can act as an ROS sensor to mediate chemoresistance, thus providing a potential strategy to reverse chemoresistance in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Zheng Ling
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; and
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Dianheng Wang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; and
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Pathology
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4
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Liu S, Han M, Zhang J, Ji J, Wu Y, Wei J. Interactions between Benzo(a)pyrene exposure and genetic polymorphisms of AhR signaling pathway on missed abortion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:881-893. [PMID: 35481410 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2064436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is an environmental pollutant widely exposed to human beings. While the relationship between BaP and missed abortion is few understood. To explore the association between missed abortion and BaP, genetic polymorphisms of AhR pathway, we recruited 112 cases women with missed abortion and 137 controls women with normal pregnancy from Shanxi, China. The BPDE-DNA adducts level in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The subjects were categorized according to the tertiles of BPDE-DNA adduct concentrations: T1 (
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingru Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junni Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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5
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Nishino K, Someya K, Tsukano C, Ishikawa T, Nagao M. Synthesis of 8β-hydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one from (+)-dehydroabietylamine and its AhR ligand activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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6
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Riaz F, Pan F, Wei P. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057555. [PMID: 36601108 PMCID: PMC9806217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a widely studied ligand-activated cytosolic transcriptional factor that has been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and allergies. Generally, AhR responds and binds to environmental toxins/ligands, dietary ligands, and allergens to regulate toxicological, biological, cellular responses. In a canonical signaling manner, activation of AhR is responsible for the increase in cytochrome P450 enzymes which help individuals to degrade and metabolize these environmental toxins and ligands. However, canonical signaling cannot be applied to all the effects mediated by AhR. Recent findings indicate that activation of AhR signaling also interacts with some non-canonical factors like Kruppel-like-factor-6 (KLF6) or estrogen-receptor-alpha (Erα) to affect the expression of downstream genes. Meanwhile, enormous research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of AhR signaling on innate and adaptive immunity. It has been shown that AhR exerts numerous effects on mast cells, B cells, macrophages, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), Th1/Th2 cell balance, Th17, and regulatory T cells, thus, playing a significant role in allergens-induced diseases. This review discussed how AhR mediates immune responses in allergic diseases. Meanwhile, we believe that understanding the role of AhR in immune responses will enhance our knowledge of AhR-mediated immune regulation in allergic diseases. Also, it will help researchers to understand the role of AhR in regulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Ping Wei, ; Fan Pan,
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ping Wei, ; Fan Pan,
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7
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Zhu S, Huang H, Xu S, Liu Y, Wu Y, Xu S, Huang S, Gao J, He L. High-fat diet and alcohol induced-mice could cause colonic injury through molecular mechanisms of endogenous toxins. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:696-706. [PMID: 36051667 PMCID: PMC9424707 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and diverse causes, the pathological mechanism of diet-induced colonic injury and colitis remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effects of the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) plus alcohol on colonic injury in mice. We found HFD plus alcohol treatment induced disturbance of the gut microbiota; increased the production of intestinal toxins lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indole, and skatole; destroyed the stability of the intestinal mucosa; and caused the colonic epithelial cells damage through the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) signaling pathways. To mimic the effect of HFD plus alcohol in vivo, NCM460 cells were stimulated with alcohol and oleic acid with/without intestinal toxins (LPS, indole, and skatole) in vitro. Combinative treatment of alcohol and oleic acid caused moderate damage on NCM460 cells, while combination with intestinal toxins induced serious cell apoptosis. Western blot data indicated that the activation of NF-κB and AhR pathways further augmented after intestinal toxins treatment in alcohol- and oleic acid-treated colonic cells. This study provided new evidence for the relationship between diet pattern and colonic inflammation, which might partly reveal the pathological development of diet-induced colon disease and the involvement of intestinal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Huandong Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 3 Dongcheng Section, Songshan Lake Avenue, Dongcheng Street, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuoxi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Huandong Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Huandong Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111, Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Department of Development Planning, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Huandong Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Huandong Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Corresponding author: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China. . Nursing college, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Guangdong 510520, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Lian He
- Corresponding author: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China. . Nursing college, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Guangdong 510520, People’s Republic of China.
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8
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Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Arabnezhad MR, Keshavarzi M, Davani-Davari D, Jamshidzadeh A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Influence of cellular redox environment on aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands induced melanogenesis. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105282. [PMID: 34856342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants, natural compounds, as well as endogenous chemicals exert their biological/toxicological effects by reacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Previous evidence shed new light on the role of AhR in skin physiology by regulating melanin production. In this study, we investigated the effect of oxidative imbalance induced by AhR ligands on the melanogenesis process in B16 murine melanoma cells. Exposure to 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ) or benzo-α-pyrene (BαP) led to enhanced expression of CTNNB1, MITF, and TYR genes following increased tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanin content in an AhR-dependent manner. Analysis of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio revealed that treatment with AhR ligands is associated with oxidative stress which can be ameliorated with NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). On the other hand, NAC and DPI enhanced melanogenesis induced by AhR ligands by reducing the level of ROS. We have shown for the first time that a cellular redox status is a critical event during AhR ligand-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Dorna Davani-Davari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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9
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Wang W, Zhao T, Geng K, Yuan G, Chen Y, Xu Y. Smoking and the Pathophysiology of Peripheral Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:704106. [PMID: 34513948 PMCID: PMC8429807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most important preventable factors causing peripheral artery disease (PAD). The purpose of this review is to comprehensively analyze and summarize the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of smoking in PAD based on existing clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies. Extensive searches and literature reviews have shown that a large amount of data exists on the pathological process underlying the effects of cigarette smoke and its components on PAD through various mechanisms. Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) induce endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell remodeling and macrophage phenotypic transformation through multiple molecular mechanisms. These pathological changes are the molecular basis for the occurrence and development of peripheral vascular diseases. With few discussions on the topic, we will summarize recent insights into the effect of smoking on regulating PAD through multiple pathways and its possible pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kang Geng
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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10
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Torti MF, Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ, García CC. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Modulator of Anti-viral Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624293. [PMID: 33746961 PMCID: PMC7973006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which interacts with a wide range of organic molecules of endogenous and exogenous origin, including environmental pollutants, tryptophan metabolites, and microbial metabolites. The activation of AHR by these agonists drives its translocation into the nucleus where it controls the expression of a large number of target genes that include the AHR repressor (AHRR), detoxifying monooxygenases (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1), and cytokines. Recent advances reveal that AHR signaling modulates aspects of the intrinsic, innate and adaptive immune response to diverse microorganisms. This review will focus on the increasing evidence supporting a role for AHR as a modulator of the host response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Torti
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cybele Carina García
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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