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Chen Q, Kou H, Demy DL, Liu W, Li J, Wen Z, Herbomel P, Huang Z, Zhang W, Xu J. The different roles of V-ATPase a subunits in phagocytosis/endocytosis and autophagy. Autophagy 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38873931 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2366748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are specialized macrophages responsible for the clearance of dead neurons and pathogens by phagocytosis and degradation. The degradation requires phagosome maturation and acidification provided by the vesicular- or vacuolar-type H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase), which is composed of the cytoplasmic V1 domain and the membrane-embedded Vo domain. The V-ATPase a subunit, an integral part of the Vo domain, has four isoforms in mammals. The functions of different isoforms on phagosome maturation in different cells/species remain controversial. Here we show that mutations of both the V-ATPase Atp6v0a1 and Tcirg1b/Atp6v0a3 subunits lead to the accumulation of phagosomes in zebrafish microglia. However, their mechanisms are different. The V-ATPase Atp6v0a1 subunit is mainly distributed in early and late phagosomes. Defects of this subunit lead to a defective transition from early phagosomes to late phagosomes. In contrast, The V-ATPase Tcirg1b/Atp6v0a3 subunit is primarily located on lysosomes and regulates late phagosome-lysosomal fusion. Defective Tcirg1b/Atp6v0a3, but not Atp6v0a1 subunit leads to reduced acidification and impaired macroautophagy/autophagy in microglia. We further showed that ATP6V0A1/a1 and TCIRG1/a3 subunits in mouse macrophages preferentially located in endosomes and lysosomes, respectively. Blocking these subunits disrupted early-to-late endosome transition and endosome-to-lysosome fusion, respectively. Taken together, our results highlight the essential and conserved roles played by different V-ATPase subunits in multiple steps of phagocytosis and endocytosis across various species.Abbrevations: Apoe: apolipoprotein E; ANXA5/annexin V: annexin A5; ATP6V0A1/a1: ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit a1; ATP6V0A2/a2: ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit a2; ATP6V0A4/a4: ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit a4; dpf: days post-fertilization; EEA1: early endosome antigen 1; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; Lcp1: lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin); Map1lc3/Lc3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; NR: neutral red; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns: phosphatidylinositol; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns(3,5)P2: phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate; RAB4: RAB4, member RAS oncogene family; RAB5: RAB5, member RAS oncogene family; RAB7: RAB7, member RAS oncogene family; TCIRG1/Atp6v0a3/a3: T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit a3; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase; Xla.Tubb2b/NBT: tubulin beta 2B class IIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanjing Kou
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Doris Lou Demy
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Wei Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Zhibin Huang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Xu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Noda K, Lu SL, Chen S, Tokuda K, Li Y, Hao F, Wada Y, Sun-Wada GH, Murakami S, Fukuda M, Itoh T, Noda T. Characterization of Rab32- and Rab38-positive lysosome-related organelles in osteoclasts and macrophages. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105191. [PMID: 37625588 PMCID: PMC10518718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the biogenesis and functions of osteoclasts and macrophages involves dynamic membrane traffic. We screened transcript levels for Rab family small GTPases related to osteoclasts and identified Rab38. Rab38 expression is upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and maturation. In osteoclasts, both Rab38 and its paralog, Rab32, colocalize to lysosome-related organelles (LROs). In macrophages, Rab32 is also found in LROs. LROs are part of the endocytic pathway but are distinct from lysosomes. After receptor activator of NF-κB ligand stimulation, LROs contain cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase inside and help both proteins to accumulate around bone resorption pits. After osteoclast maturation, these enzymes are hardly found within LROs. In macrophages derived from Rab32 and Rab38 double knockout mice, both acidification and V-ATPase a3 localization were severely compromised. Both the double knockout macrophage and bafilomycin-treated wildtype macrophage show an increase in Lamp1-positive organelles, implying that biogenesis of lysosomes and LROs are related. These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 both play a crucial role in LRO biogenesis in macrophages and in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiou-Ling Lu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Tokuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yangjie Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Feike Hao
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Itoh
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Nakanishi-Matsui M, Matsumoto N. V-ATPase a3 Subunit in Secretory Lysosome Trafficking in Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1426-1431. [PMID: 36184499 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) shares its structure and rotational catalysis with F-type ATPase (F-ATPase, ATP synthase). However, unlike subunits of F-ATPase, those of V-ATPase have tissue- and/or organelle-specific isoforms. Structural diversity of V-ATPase generated by different combinations of subunit isoforms enables it to play diverse physiological roles in mammalian cells. Among these various roles, this review focuses on the functions of lysosome-specific V-ATPase in bone resorption by osteoclasts. Lysosomes remain in the cytoplasm in most cell types, but in osteoclasts, secretory lysosomes move toward and fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete lysosomal enzymes, which is essential for bone resorption. Through this process, lysosomal V-ATPase harboring the a3 isoform of the a subunit is relocated to the plasma membrane, where it transports protons from the cytosol to the cell exterior to generate the acidic extracellular conditions required for secreted lysosomal enzymes. In addition to this role as a proton pump, we recently found that the lysosomal a3 subunit of V-ATPase is essential for anterograde trafficking of secretory lysosomes. Specifically, a3 interacts with Rab7, a member of the Rab guanosine 5'-triphosphatase (GTPase) family that regulates organelle trafficking, and recruits it to the lysosomal membrane. These findings revealed the multifunctionality of lysosomal V-ATPase in osteoclasts; V-ATPase is responsible not only for the formation of the acidic environment by transporting protons, but also for intracellular trafficking of secretory lysosomes by recruiting organelle trafficking factors. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying secretory lysosome trafficking in osteoclasts, and discuss the possible regulatory role of V-ATPase in organelle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
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The a subunit isoforms of vacuolar-type proton ATPase exhibit differential distribution in mouse perigastrulation embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13590. [PMID: 35948619 PMCID: PMC9365772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multi-subunit complexes that play critical roles in the acidification of a variety of intracellular or extracellular compartments. Mammalian cells contain four isoforms of the membrane integral subunit a (a1–a4); these isoforms contain the information necessary to target the enzyme to different cellular destinations. They are also involved in regulating the efficiency of ATP hydrolysis and proton transport. Previously, we showed that early embryogenesis requires V-ATPase function, and the luminal acidic endocytic and lysosomal compartments in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos at the pre-gastrulation stage (E6.5) are essential for both nutrition and signal transduction during early embryogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression and distribution of a subunit isoforms in mouse embryos at E6.5. We found that all four isoforms expressed and exhibited differential distribution in the E6.5 embryo. At this developmental stage, the embryos establish highly elaborate endocytic compartments called apical vacuoles, on which the a3 isoform specifically accumulated.
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Chu A, Zirngibl RA, Manolson MF. The V-ATPase a3 Subunit: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Potential of an Essential Biomolecule in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136934. [PMID: 34203247 PMCID: PMC8269383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one of the 16 proteins composing the V-ATPase complex responsible for resorbing bone: the a3 subunit. The rationale for focusing on this biomolecule is that mutations in this one protein account for over 50% of osteopetrosis cases, highlighting its critical role in bone physiology. Despite its essential role in bone remodeling and its involvement in bone diseases, little is known about the way in which this subunit is targeted and regulated within osteoclasts. To this end, this review is broadened to include the three other mammalian paralogues (a1, a2 and a4) and the two yeast orthologs (Vph1p and Stv1p). By examining the literature on all of the paralogues/orthologs of the V-ATPase a subunit, we hope to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and future research directions specific to a3. This review starts with an overview on bone, highlighting the role of V-ATPases in osteoclastic bone resorption. We then cover V-ATPases in other location/functions, highlighting the roles which the four mammalian a subunit paralogues might play in differential targeting and/or regulation. We review the ways in which the energy of ATP hydrolysis is converted into proton translocation, and go in depth into the diverse role of the a subunit, not only in proton translocation but also in lipid binding, cell signaling and human diseases. Finally, the therapeutic implication of targeting a3 specifically for bone diseases and cancer is discussed, with concluding remarks on future directions.
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