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Recent Advancements in Molecular Therapeutics for Corneal Scar Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203310. [PMID: 36291182 PMCID: PMC9600986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of corneal wound healing is complex and induces scar formation. Corneal scarring is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The fibrotic healing of a major ocular wound disrupts the highly organized fibrillar collagen arrangement of the corneal stroma, rendering it opaque. The process of regaining this organized extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangement of the stromal layer to restore corneal transparency is complicated. The surface retention capacity of ocular drugs is poor, and there is a large gap between suitable corneal donors and clinical requirements. Therefore, a more efficient way of treating corneal scarring is needed. The eight major classes of interventions targeted as therapeutic tools for healing scarred corneas include those based on exosomes, targeted gene therapy, microRNAs, recombinant viral vectors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, bioactive molecules, growth factors, and nanotechnology. This review highlights the recent advancements in molecular therapeutics to restore a cornea without scarring. It also provides a scope to overcome the limitations of present studies and perform robust clinical research using these strategies.
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Cigarette Smoke Impairs Airway Epithelial Wound Repair: Role of Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Processes and Notch-1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102018. [PMID: 36290742 PMCID: PMC9598207 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) induces oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in airway epithelium. It is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases, characterized by epithelial injury. The impact of CS on airway epithelial repair, which involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Notch-1 pathway, is incompletely understood. In this study, we used primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) to evaluate the effect of CS on epithelial repair and these mechanisms. The effect of CS and/or TGF-beta1 on wound repair, various EMT and Notch-1 pathway markers and epithelial cell markers (TP63, SCGB1A) was assessed in PBECs cultured submerged, at the air–liquid interface (ALI) alone and in co-culture with fibroblasts. TGF-beta1 increased epithelial wound repair, activated EMT (shown by decrease in E-cadherin, and increases in vimentin, SNAIL1/SNAIL2/ZEB1), and increased Notch-1 pathway markers (NOTCH1/JAGGED1/HES1), MMP9, TP63, SCGB1A1. In contrast, CS decreased wound repair and vimentin, NOTCH1/JAGGED1/HES1, MMP9, TP63, SCGB1A1, whereas it activated the initial steps of the EMT (decrease in E-cadherin and increases in SNAIL1/SNAIL2/ZEB1). Using combined exposures, we observed that CS counteracted the effects of TGF-beta1. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition decreased wound repair. These data suggest that CS inhibits the physiological epithelial wound repair by interfering with the normal EMT process and the Notch-1 pathway.
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LASP1 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer through the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail Pathway. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:5277409. [PMID: 34912481 PMCID: PMC8668282 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5277409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1), highly expressed in a variety of tumors, is considered as a novel tumor metastasis biomarker. However, it is unknown which signaling pathway works and how the signal transduces into cell nucleus to drive tumor progression by LASP1. The aim of this study is to explore the essential role of LASP1 in TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells. Methods. The gene and protein levels of LASP-1 were successfully silenced or overexpressed by LASP-1 shRNA lentivirus or pcDNA in TGF-β1-treated lung cancer cell lines, respectively. Then, the cells were developed EMT by TGF-β1. The cell abilities of invasion, migration, and proliferation were measured using Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay, and MTT assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to observe the protein levels of EMT-associated molecules, including N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin, and the key molecules in the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail signaling pathway, including pSmad2 and Smad2, pSmad3 and Smad3, and Smad7 in cell lysates, as well as Snail1, pSmad2, and pSmad3 in the nucleus. Results. TGF-β1 induced higher LASP1 expression. LASP1 silence and overexpression blunted or promoted cell invasion, migration, and proliferation upon TGF-β1 stimulation. LASP1 also regulated the expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in TGF-β1-treated cells. Activity of key Smad proteins (pSmad2 and pSmad3) and protein level of Smad7 were markedly regulated through LASP1. Furthermore, LASP1 affected the nuclear localizations of pSmad2, pSmad3, and Snail1. Conclusion. This study reveals that LASP1 regulates the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail signaling pathway and EMT markers and features, involving in key signal molecules and their nuclear levels. Therefore, LASP1 might be a drug target in lung cancer.
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Miyashita N, Enokido T, Horie M, Fukuda K, Urushiyama H, Strell C, Brunnström H, Micke P, Saito A, Nagase T. TGF-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor-promoting effects in CMT64 cells are reflected in the transcriptomic signature of human lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22380. [PMID: 34789779 PMCID: PMC8599691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process during which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotypes. Cancer cells undergo EMT to acquire malignant features and TGF-β is a key regulator of EMT. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TGF-β could elicit EMT in a mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell line. TGF-β signaling activation led to cell morphological changes corresponding to EMT and enhanced the expression of mesenchymal markers and EMT-associated transcription factors in CMT64 lung cancer cells. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that TGF-β increases expression of Tead transcription factors and an array of Tead2 target genes. TGF-β stimulation also resulted in alternative splicing of several genes including Cd44, tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1), and Cortactin (Cttn). In parallel with EMT, TGF-β enhanced cell growth of CMT64 cells and promoted tumor formation in a syngeneic transplantation model. Of clinical importance, the expression of TGF-β-induced genes identified in CMT64 cells correlated with EMT gene signatures in human lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples. Furthermore, TGF-β-induced gene enrichment was related to poor prognosis, underscoring the tumor-promoting role of TGF-β signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Our cellular and syngeneic transplantation model would provide a simple and useful experimental tool to study the significance of TGF-β signaling and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Enokido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pathology, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Wang J, Xu Z, Wang Z, Du G, Lun L. TGF-beta signaling in cancer radiotherapy. Cytokine 2021; 148:155709. [PMID: 34597918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-β exerts tumor-suppressive effects in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but it also plays tumor-promoting roles in established tumors. Additionally, it plays a critical role in cancer radiotherapy. TGF-β expression or activation increases in irradiated tissues, and studies have shown that TGF-β plays dual roles in cancer radiosensitivity and is involved in ionizing radiation-induced fibrosis in different tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, TGF-β promotes radioresistance by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppresses the immune system and facilitates cancer resistance. In particular, the links between TGF-β and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis play a critical role in cancer therapeutic resistance. Growing evidence has shown that TGF-β acts as a radiation protection agent, leading to heightened interest in using TGF-β as a therapeutic target. The future of anti-TGF-β signaling therapy for numerous diseases appears bright, and the outlook for the use of TGF-β inhibitors in cancer radiotherapy as TME-targeting agents is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Limin Lun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China.
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Melchionna R, Trono P, Tocci A, Nisticò P. Actin Cytoskeleton and Regulation of TGFβ Signaling: Exploring Their Links. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020336. [PMID: 33672325 PMCID: PMC7926735 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissues, to maintain their architecture and function, respond to injuries by activating intricate biochemical and physical mechanisms that regulates intercellular communication crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Coordination of the communication occurs through the activity of different actin cytoskeletal regulators, physically connected to extracellular matrix through integrins, generating a platform of biochemical and biomechanical signaling that is deregulated in cancer. Among the major pathways, a controller of cellular functions is the cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which remains a complex and central signaling network still to be interpreted and explained in cancer progression. Here, we discuss the link between actin dynamics and TGFβ signaling with the aim of exploring their aberrant interaction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Melchionna
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Trono
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652662539
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7
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Ding M, Bu X, Li Z, Xu H, Feng L, Hu J, Wei X, Gao J, Tao Y, Cai B, Liu Y, Qu X, Shen L. NDRG2 ablation reprograms metastatic cancer cells towards glutamine dependence via the induction of ASCT2. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3100-3115. [PMID: 33162818 PMCID: PMC7645990 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is the most common cause of lethal outcome in various types of cancers. Although the cell proliferation related metabolism rewiring has been well characterized, less is known about the association of metabolic changes with tumor metastasis. Herein, we demonstrate that metastatic tumor obtained a mesenchymal phenotype, which is obtained by the loss of tumor suppressor NDRG2 triggered metabolic switch to glutamine metabolism. Methods: mRNA-seq and gene expression profile analysis were performed to define the differential gene expressions in primary MEC1 and metastatic MC3 cells and the downstream pathways of NDRG2. NDRG2 regulation of Fbw7-dependent c-Myc stability were determined by immunoprecipitation and protein half-life assay. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were used to determine the roles of Akt and c-Myc in mediating NDRG2-dependent regulation of ASCT2 in in both tumor and NDRG2-knockout MEF cells. Finally, the effect of the NDRG2/Akt/c-Myc/ASCT2 signaling on glutaminolysis and tumor metastasis were evaluated by functional experiments and clinical samples. Results: Based on the gene expression profile analysis, we identified metastatic tumor cells acquired the mesenchymal-like characteristics and displayed the increased dependency on glutamine utilization. Further, the gain of NDRG2 function blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glutaminolysis, potentially through suppression of glutamine transporter ASCT2 expression. The ASCT2 restoration reversed NDRG2 inhibitory effect on EMT program and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic study indicates that NDRG2 promoted Fbw7-dependent c-Myc degradation by inhibiting Akt activation, and subsequently decreased c-Myc-mediated ASCT2 transcription, in both tumor and NDRG2-knockout MEF cells. Supporting the biological significance, the reciprocal relationship between NDRG2 and ASCT2 were observed in multiple types of tumor tissues, and associated with tumor malignancy. Conclusions: NDRG2-dependent repression of ASCT2 presumably is the predominant route by which NDRG2 rewires glutaminolysis and blocks metastatic tumor survival. Targeting glutaminolytic pathway may provide a new strategy for the treatment of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhehao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Haokun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Junbi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinxin Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Jiwei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, China
| | - Bolei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xuan Qu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Minami T, Aoyagi K, Kawahara A, Murakami N, Isobe T, Tanaka Y, Kaku H, Fujita F, Akagi Y. Evaluation of the expression of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the stroma of gastric cancer tissue. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:464-474. [PMID: 32724891 PMCID: PMC7382433 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) generated by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) play an important role in cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the relationships of BM-MSCs and CAFs in resected gastric cancers with the clinicopathological factors of patients. METHODS We analyzed 120 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Immunostaining was performed with an anti-CD271 antibody (BM-MSCs) and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) antibody (CAFs). Staining intensity was used to divide patients into low and high expression groups. Observation sites in cancer tissues were invasive, central, and whole portions. RESULTS Expression of αSMA was significantly related to depth of tumor invasion (T), lymph node metastasis (N), lymphatic invasion (ly), venous invasion (v), and stage. Expression of CD271 was significantly related to v, stage, stromal volume, and tumor infiltration pattern (INF). Overall survival (OS) of the high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group for both αSMA and CD271. Multivariate analysis showed that N, αSMA (whole), and CD271 (invasive) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-associated fibroblasts and BM-MSCs are related to the progression, invasion, and prognosis of gastric cancer and may be therapeutic targets of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizan Minami
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Keishiro Aoyagi
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Naotaka Murakami
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Taro Isobe
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Hideaki Kaku
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Fumihiko Fujita
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
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9
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Micati DJ, Radhakrishnan K, Young JC, Rajpert‐De Meyts E, Hime GR, Abud HE, Loveland KL. ‘Snail factors in testicular germ cell tumours and their regulation by the BMP4 signalling pathway’. Andrology 2020; 8:1456-1470. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Micati
- Centre for Reproductive Health Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Karthika Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Reproductive Health Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Julia C. Young
- Centre for Reproductive Health Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Ewa Rajpert‐De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gary R. Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Helen E. Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Stem Cells and Development Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Kate L. Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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10
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The Key Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143567. [PMID: 31330886 PMCID: PMC6679134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), originally described as a key process for organ development and metastasis budding in cancer, plays a key role in the development of renal fibrosis in several diseases, including hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis. We herein reviewed the concept of EMT and its role in renal diseases, with particular focus on hypertensive kidney disease, the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes mellitus. After discussing the pathophysiology of hypertensive nephropathy, the 'classic' view of hypertensive nephrosclerosis entailing hyalinization, and sclerosis of interlobular and afferent arterioles, we examined the changes occurring in the glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium and the studies that investigated the role of EMT and its molecular mechanisms in hypertensive kidney disease. Finally, we examined the reasons why some studies failed to provide solid evidence for renal EMT in hypertension.
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11
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Li Z, Duan H, Li W, Jia Y, Zhang S, Zhao C, Zhou Q, Shi W. Nicotinamide inhibits corneal endothelial mesenchymal transition and accelerates wound healing. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:227-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Hirata K, Takakura Y, Shibazaki M, Morii M, Honda T, Oshima M, Aoyama K, Iwama A, Nakayama Y, Takano H, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Forkhead box protein A1 confers resistance to transforming growth factor-β-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through inhibition of Smad3 nuclear translocation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2259-2270. [PMID: 30206966 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces apoptosis of normal epithelial cells, such as mammary epithelium. Although breast cancer progression associates with acquisition of resistance to TGF-β-induced apoptosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown. Here, we show that forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), which is known as a pioneer transcription factor, suppresses TGF-β-induced apoptosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. FOXA1 is found to inhibit nuclear translocation of Smad3, a key transcription factor downstream of TGF-β signaling, through suppression of the binding of Smad3 to the nuclear import receptor importin7. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analyses show that knockdown of FOXA1 upregulates Smad3-mediated proapoptotic gene expression. These results demonstrate that FOXA1 as a potent survival factor that suppresses TGF-β-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Smad3 signaling in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Thus, we provide evidence for the first time that FOXA1 localizing to the cytoplasm negatively regulates Smad3-induced apoptosis in TGF-β-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Takakura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misato Shibazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Zheng X, Liu Q, Yi M, Qin S, Wu K. The regulation of cytokine signaling by retinal determination gene network pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6479-6487. [PMID: 30323623 PMCID: PMC6177397 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor environment plays a pivotal role in determining cancer biology characteristics. Cytokine factors, as a critical component in tumor milieu, execute distinct functions in the process of tumorigenesis and progression via the autocrine or paracrine manner. The retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which mainly comprised DACH, SIX, and EYA family members, is required for the organ development in mammalian species. While the aberrant expression of RDGN is involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors via interacting with different cytokine-related signals, such as CXCL8, IL-6, TGF-β, FGF, and VEGF, in a cell- or tissue-dependent manner. Thus, joint detection of this pathway might be used as a potential biomarker for the stratification of target therapy and for the precision prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
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14
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Xu C, Zhang H, Gu W, Wu H, Chen Y, Zhou W, Sun B, Shen X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yuan W. The microRNA-10a/ID3/RUNX2 axis modulates the development of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9225. [PMID: 29907859 PMCID: PMC6003989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) presents as pathological heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. However, its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Our previous findings suggested that altered microRNA regulatory network are critical for the development of OPLL. Here, we set out to unveiling the detailed mechanism of those altered OPLL-specific microRNAs. We screened a set of differentially expressed OPLL-specific microRNAs from the previous sequencing data and showed that microRNA-10a actively modulates the ossification of posterior ligament cells in vitro. Using a tissue-engineered scaffold grown from 4-week-old BALB/c homozygous nude mice, we found that altered microRNA-10a expression in posterior ligament cells indeed affected the heterotopic bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, computational analysis showed that the negative ossification regulator ID3 is a functional target gene of microRNA-10a, and its expression was also significantly altered during microRNA-10a modulation both in vitro and in vivo. Also, we have demonstrated that the ossification promoting function of microRNA-10a requires ID3, as ID3 actively inhibits RUNX2. Thus, we identified a critical role for highly altered OPLL-specific microRNA-10a in regulating the development of OPLL by modulating the ID3/RUNX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800th Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Baifeng Sun
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Administration Office for Graduate Students, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168th Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800th Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
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15
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Cheng JC, Yi Y, Chang HM, Leung PC. TGF-β1 up-regulates cadherin-11 expression through Snail: A potential mechanism for human trophoblast cell differentiation. Cell Signal 2018; 43:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Wei Q, Liu Q, Ren C, Liu J, Cai W, Zhu M, Jin H, He M, Yu J. Effects of bradykinin on TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in ARPE‑19 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5878-5886. [PMID: 29436636 PMCID: PMC5866033 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bradykinin (BK) on an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells through exposure to transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1). The aim was to improve the effect of BK on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) progression, and to find a novel method of clinical prevention and treatment for PVR. The morphology of ARPE‑19 cells was observed using an inverted phase‑contrast microscope. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 was used to assess the effects of TGF‑β1 on the proliferation of ARPE‑19 cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin, mesenchymal markers α‑smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin, and phosphorylated (p) mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)3 and Smad7 of the TGF/Smad signaling pathway. Wound healing tests and Transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration ability. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of pSmad3 and Smad7 in the TGF/Smad signaling pathway. The results revealed that the addition of 10 ng/ml TGF‑β1 resulted in the expression of factors associated with EMT in ARPE‑19 cells. BK decreased the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers α‑SMA and vimentin, and increased the expression of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin. BK decreased cell migration in TGF‑β1‑induced EMT. These effects were reversed by HOE‑140, a specific BK 2 receptor antagonist. BK significantly downregulated the expression of pSmad3 and upregulated the expression of Smad7 in TGF‑β1‑treated ARPE‑19 cells, and the protective alterations produced by BK were inhibited by HOE‑140. In conclusion, 10 ng/ml TGF‑β1 resulted in EMT in ARPE‑19 cells and BK served a negative role in TGF‑β1‑induced EMT. BK had effects in TGF‑β1‑induced EMT by upregulating the expression of Smad7 and downregulating the expression of pSmad3 in TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway, indicating that BK may be a novel and effective therapy for PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Meijiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Huizi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Mengmei He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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17
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Zhong J, Li L, Wang Z, Bai H, Gai F, Duan J, Zhao J, Zhuo M, Wang Y, Wang S, Zang W, Wu M, An T, Rao G, Zhu G, Wang J. Potential Resistance Mechanisms Revealed by Targeted Sequencing from Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Primary Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1766-1778. [PMID: 28818608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Chen H, Li H, Chen Q. INPP4B reverses docetaxel resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:467-72. [PMID: 27318090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel efficiency in the therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) patients is limited due to the development of chemoresistance. Recent studies have implied a role of INPP4B in tumor chemoresistance, while the effects of INPP4B on docetaxel resistance in PCa have not been elucidated. In the present study, the docetaxel-resistant human PCa cell lines PC3-DR and DU-145-DR were established from the parental cell lines PC3 and DU-145, and the expression and role of INPP4B in docetaxel-resistant PCa cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that INPP4B expression was significantly downregulated in docetaxel-resistant cells. Overexpression of INPP4B increased the sensitivity to docetaxel and promoted cell apoptosis in PC3-DR and DU-145-DR cells. In addition, INPP4B overexpression downregulated the expression of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, and upregulated the expression level of the epithelial maker E-cadherin. Furthermore, INPP4B overexpression markedly inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway. We also found that IGF-1, the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, markedly blocked the change in EMT markers induced by overexpression of INPP4B, and reversed the resistance of PC3-DR and DU-145-DR cells to docetaxel, which is sensitized by Flag-INPP4B. In summary, the presented data indicate that INPP4B is crucial for docetaxel-resistant PCa cell survival, potentially by regulating EMT through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, PR China
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19
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Zheng YP, Zhang SB, Wang F, Liu H, Zhang W, Song B, Liu ZY, Xiong L, Fan YZ, Liao DY. Effects of lentiviral RNA interference-mediated downregulation of integrin-linked kinase on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:21-8. [PMID: 26949605 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of lentivirus (LV) mediated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) RNA interference (RNAi) on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells (LECs). METHODS Human cataract LECs and immortalized human LEC line, human lens epithelial (HLE) B-3 cells were transfected by lentiviral vector expressing ILK-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and then stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the silencing of ILK gene and protein was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods; biological behaviors including cell cycle and apoptosis, cell morphology, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) stress fiber formation and cell migration were examined. RESULTS Remarkable decreases of ILK protein expression were detected in LECs carrying lentiviral ILK-shRNA vector; flow cytometry revealed arresting of cell cycle progression through the G1/S transition and higher apoptosis rate in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected cells. Less α-SMA stress fiber formation and migration was observed in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected LECs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that ILK was an important regulator for LECs proliferation and migration. LV mediated ILK RNAi is an effective way to decrease ILK-regulated cell growth by arresting cell cycle progression and increasing cell apoptosis, as well as, to prevent cell migration by inhibiting TGF-β induced α-SMA stress fiber formation. Thus, LV mediated ILK RNAi might be useful to prevent posterior capsular opacification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Yao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Zhi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Ying Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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20
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Lim RR, Tan A, Liu YC, Barathi VA, Mohan RR, Mehta JS, Chaurasia SS. ITF2357 transactivates Id3 and regulate TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways to attenuate corneal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20841. [PMID: 26865052 PMCID: PMC4750002 DOI: 10.1038/srep20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal fibrosis is often seen in patients with ocular trauma and infection that compromises corneal transparency resulting in vision loss. Treatment strategies including NSAIDs, steroids, MMC and corneal transplants have shown tremendous success but with several side effects and cellular toxicity. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to inhibit corneal fibrosis via TGFβ signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated safety, efficacy and mechanism of action of a HDACi, ITF2357 in TGFβ-stimulated in vitro primary human cornea stromal fibroblasts (pHCSFs) and in vivo in a photorefractive keratectomy-treated rabbit model of corneal fibrosis. We found that in vivo ITF2357 decreased collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, integrin αVβ3 expression with a reduction in corneal haze. In addition, ITF2357 reduced myofibroblast formation, suppressed phosphorylation of Smad proteins in TGFβ pathway and inhibited key responsive protein, P4HA1 involved in pro-collagen synthesis. Treatment of pHCSFs with ITF2357 activated BMP7 levels and expressed all the members of inhibitor of differentiation proteins (Id1-Id4), however, it failed to rescue TGFβ-driven transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in the presence of siRNA specific to Id3. We conclude that ITF2357 is a potential anti-fibrotic drug that exerts its action via activation of Id3, a downstream target of TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Alison Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
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21
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Hino M, Kamo M, Saito D, Kyakumoto S, Shibata T, Mizuki H, Ishisaki A. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces invasion ability of HSC-4 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the Slug/Wnt-5b/MMP-10 signalling axis. J Biochem 2016; 159:631-40. [PMID: 26861993 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanism underlying the invasion of oral cancer cells remains to be clarified. We previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces the expression of mesenchymal markers in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-4 cells. Intriguingly, the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Slug was also significantly upregulated upon TGF-β1 stimulation. However, the mechanism by which Slug transduces the TGF-β1-induced signal to enhance the invasiveness of HSC-4 cells is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 was upregulated in TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Additionally, a Boyden chamber assay revealed that the TGF-β1-induced increase in invasiveness of HSC-4 cells was significantly inhibited by MMP-10 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Intriguingly, Slug siRNA suppressed TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-10. These results suggest that TGF-β1 induces invasion in HSC-4 cells through the upregulation of MMP-10 expression in a Slug-dependent manner. On the other hand, Slug siRNA suppressed TGF-β1-induced Wnt-5b expression. Wnt-5b significantly induced MMP-10 expression, whereas Wnt-5b siRNA suppressed the TGF-β1-induced increase in invasiveness, suggesting that TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-10 and the resulting upregulation of invasiveness are mediated by Wnt-5b. Overall, these results suggest that TGF-β1 stimulates HSC-4 cell invasion through the Slug/Wnt-5b/MMP-10 signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hino
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Daishi Saito
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Seiko Kyakumoto
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Harumi Mizuki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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22
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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23
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Parvani JG, Davuluri G, Wendt MK, Espinosa C, Tian M, Danielpour D, Sossey-Alaoui K, Schiemann WP. Deptor enhances triple-negative breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance through coupling to survivin expression. Neoplasia 2015; 17:317-28. [PMID: 25810016 PMCID: PMC4372649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) functions to suppress tumorigenesis in normal mammary tissues and early-stage breast cancers and, paradoxically, acts to promote the metastasis and chemoresistance in late-stage breast cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Precisely how TGF-β acquires oncogenic characteristics in late-stage breast cancers remains unknown, as does the role of the endogenous mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, Dep domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor), in coupling TGF-β to TNBC development and metastatic progression. Here we demonstrate that Deptor expression was downregulated in basal-like/TNBCs relative to their luminal counterparts. Additionally, Deptor expression was 1) inversely correlated with the metastatic ability of human (MCF10A) and mouse (4T1) TNBC progression series and 2) robustly repressed by several inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition programs. Functional disruption of Deptor expression in 4T07 cells significantly inhibited their proliferation and organoid growth in vitro, as well as prevented their colonization and tumor formation in the lungs of mice. In stark contrast, elevated Deptor expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival of patients harboring estrogen receptor α-negative breast cancers. Accordingly, enforced Deptor expression in MDA-MB-231 cells dramatically enhanced their 1) organoid growth in vitro, 2) pulmonary outgrowth in mice, and 3) resistance to chemotherapies, an event dependent on the coupling of Deptor to survivin expression. Collectively, our findings highlight the dichotomous functions of Deptor in modulating the proliferation and survival of TNBCs during metastasis; they also implicate Deptor and its stimulation of survivin as essential components of TNBC resistance to chemotherapies and apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Parvani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christine Espinosa
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maozhen Tian
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Danielpour
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Carcinogenic Parasite Secretes Growth Factor That Accelerates Wound Healing and Potentially Promotes Neoplasia. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005209. [PMID: 26485648 PMCID: PMC4618121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Injury from feeding activities of this parasite within the human biliary tree causes extensive lesions, wounds that undergo protracted cycles of healing, and re-injury over years of chronic infection. We show that O. viverrini secreted proteins accelerated wound resolution in human cholangiocytes, an outcome that was compromised following silencing of expression of the fluke-derived gene encoding the granulin-like growth factor, Ov-GRN-1. Recombinant Ov-GRN-1 induced angiogenesis and accelerated mouse wound healing. Ov-GRN-1 was internalized by human cholangiocytes and induced gene and protein expression changes associated with wound healing and cancer pathways. Given the notable but seemingly paradoxical properties of liver fluke granulin in promoting not only wound healing but also a carcinogenic microenvironment, Ov-GRN-1 likely holds marked potential as a therapeutic wound-healing agent and as a vaccine against an infection-induced cancer of major public health significance in the developing world.
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25
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Li M, Luan F, Zhao Y, Hao H, Zhou Y, Han W, Fu X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: An emerging target in tissue fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:1-13. [PMID: 26361988 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215597194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in a variety of tissue fibroses. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts derived from epithelial cells contribute to the excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in damaged tissue, which can lead to permanent scarring or organ malfunction. Therefore, EMT-related fibrosis cannot be neglected. This review highlights the findings that demonstrate the EMT to be a direct contributor to the fibroblast/myofibroblast population in the development of tissue fibrosis and helps to elucidate EMT-related anti-fibrotic strategies, which may enable the development of therapeutic interventions to suppress EMT and potentially reverse organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Fuxin Luan
- Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Han
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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26
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Liu Y, Kong D, Wu H, Yuan X, Xu H, Zhang C, Wu G, Wu K. Interplay of retinal determination gene network with TGF-β signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:12. [PMID: 27358880 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a fundamental event in the generation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has also been implicated in cancer progression by its ability to alter the plasticity of epithelial cells to acquire invasive properties. Evidence is mounting that ectopic activation of transforming growth factors β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily members to enhance tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this respect, the Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN), which was identified to govern the normal initiation of the morphogenetic furrow in Drosophila, has now been found to be de-regulated in various types of cancers, and the key members of this network, DACH, SIX, and EYA, have emerged as novel co-regulators of TGF- signaling during EMT. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which RDGN regulates TGF-β/BMP signaling to influence EMT may lead to novel strategies for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua Wu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, 3 Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
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27
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Saitoh M, Endo K, Furuya S, Minami M, Fukasawa A, Imamura T, Miyazawa K. STAT3 integrates cooperative Ras and TGF-β signals that induce Snail expression. Oncogene 2015; 35:1049-57. [PMID: 25961936 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial morphological event that occurs during the progression of epithelial tumors. EMT can be induced by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in certain kinds of cancer cells through the induction of Snail, a key regulator of EMT. We have previously found that TGF-β remarkably induces Snail expression in cooperation with Ras signals; however, the underlying mechanism of this synergism has not yet been determined. Here, we demonstrate that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) acts as a mediator that synergizes TGF-β and Ras signals. The overexpression of STAT3 enhanced Snail induction, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3 inhibited it. The STAT3-YF mutant, which has Tyr 705 substituted with Phe, did not enhance Snail induction. Several STAT3 mutants lacking transcriptional activity also failed to enhance it; however, the putative STAT3-binding elements in the Snail promoter regions were not required for STAT3-mediated Snail induction. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) inhibited the enhanced Snail promoter activity induced by TGF-β and Ras. The interaction between PIAS3 and STAT3 was reduced by TGF-β in cells harboring oncogenic Ras, whereas TGF-β promoted the binding of PIAS3 to Smad3, a crucial mediator of TGF-β signaling. Therefore, these findings suggest that STAT3 enhances Snail induction when it is dissociated from PIAS3 by TGF-β in cooperation with Ras signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - K Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.,Research Training Program for Undergraduates, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - M Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.,Research Training Program for Undergraduates, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - A Fukasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - T Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - K Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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28
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Saitoh M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is regulated at post-transcriptional levels by transforming growth factor-β signaling during tumor progression. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:481-8. [PMID: 25664423 PMCID: PMC4452147 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β acts as a tumor suppressor during cancer initiation, but as a tumor promoter during tumor progression. It has become increasingly clear that TGF-β plays fundamental roles in multiple steps of tumor progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT, first described by developmental biologists at the beginning of the 1980s, plays crucial roles in appropriate embryonic development, but also functions in adults during wound healing, organ fibrosis, and tumor progression. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their epithelial polarity and acquire mesenchymal phenotypes, endowing them with migratory and invasive properties. Many secreted polypeptides are implicated in this process, and act in a sequential or cooperative manner. TGF-β induces EMT by propagating intracellular signaling pathways and activating transcriptional factors. Here, I discuss new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying induction of EMT by TGF-β in cooperation with Ras or growth factors, along with the signals that induce EMT through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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29
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Pillai S, Trevino J, Rawal B, Singh S, Kovacs M, Li X, Schell M, Haura E, Bepler G, Chellappan S. β-arrestin-1 mediates nicotine-induced metastasis through E2F1 target genes that modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1009-20. [PMID: 25600647 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 80% of all lung cancers. Nicotine, the major addictive component of tobacco smoke, can induce proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cell lines and promote metastasis of NSCLC in mice. Here, we demonstrate that the scaffolding protein β-arrestin-1 is necessary for nicotine-mediated induction of mesenchymal genes vimentin and fibronectin as well as EMT regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2. Nicotine induced changes in cell morphology and ablate tight junctions consistent with EMT; β-arrestin-1, but not β-arrestin-2, was required for these changes. β-Arrestin-1 promoted the expression of the mesenchymal genes, as well as ZEB1 and ZEB2, through the mediation of the E2F1 transcription factor; this required Src kinase activity. Stimulation of multiple NSCLC cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of β-arrestin-1 and E2F1 on vimentin, fibronectin, and ZEB1 and ZEB2 promoters. Furthermore, there was significantly more β-arrestin-1 and E2F1 associated with these promoters in human NSCLC tumors, and β-arrestin-1 levels correlated with vimentin and fibronectin levels in human NSCLC samples. A549-luciferase cells lacking β-arrestin-1 showed a significantly reduced capacity for tumor growth and metastasis when orthotopically implanted into the lungs of SCID-beige mice. Taken together, these studies reveal a novel role for β-arrestin-1 in the growth and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Pillai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Michelle Kovacs
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xueli Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael Schell
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampla, Florida
| | - Eric Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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30
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PRRX1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 32:393. [PMID: 25428393 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma cells hijack the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for tumor dissemination. Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) has been identified as a new EMT inducer. However, the function of PRRX1 in gastric cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed that PRRX1 expression levels were upregulated and positively correlated with metastasis and EMT markers in human gastric cancer specimens. PRRX1 overexpression had distinct effects on the cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion of BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in xenografts. PRRX1 overexpression resulted in the regulation of the EMT molecular markers N-cadherin, E-cadherin and vimentin as well as the levels of intranuclear β-catenin and the Wnt/β-catenin target c-Myc. Furthermore, the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 offset the effects of PRRX1 overexpression. These findings demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes EMT in gastric cancer cells through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that PRRX1 upregulation is closely correlated with gastric cancer metastasis.
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31
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CHEN MIAOJUAN, GAO XUEJUAN, XU LINA, LIU TENGFEI, LIU XIAOHUI, LIU LANGXIA. Ezrin is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1515-22. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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WANG YIRU, YAO BINWEI, WANG YU, ZHANG MINGBO, FU SHUAI, GAO HANJING, PENG RUIYUN, ZHANG LINGQIANG, TANG JIE. Increased FoxM1 expression is a target for metformin in the suppression of EMT in prostate cancer. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1514-22. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cheng JC, Chang HM, Leung PCK. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibits trophoblast cell invasion by inducing Snail-mediated down-regulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33181-92. [PMID: 24106276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.488866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast cells express transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and TGF-β receptors. It has been shown that TGF-β1 treatment decreases the invasiveness of trophoblast cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-decreased trophoblast invasion are still not fully understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that treatment of HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells with TGF-β1 decreased cell invasion and down-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). In addition, the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on VE-cadherin was confirmed in primary cultures of human trophoblast cells. Moreover, knockdown of VE-cadherin using siRNA decreased the invasiveness of HTR-8/SVneo cells and primary cultures of trophoblast cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 induced the activation of Smad-dependent signaling pathways and the expression of Snail and Slug. Knockdown of Smads attenuated TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of Snail and Slug and down-regulation of VE-cadherin. Interestingly, depletion of Snail, but not Slug, attenuated TGF-β1-induced down-regulation of VE-cadherin. Furthermore, overexpression of Snail suppressed VE-cadherin expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed the direct binding of Snail to the VE-cadherin promoter. These results provide evidence that Snail mediates TGF-β1-induced down-regulation of VE-cadherin, which subsequently contributed to TGF-β1-decreased trophoblast cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chien Cheng
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V5, Canada
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Shirakihara T, Kawasaki T, Fukagawa A, Semba K, Sakai R, Miyazono K, Miyazawa K, Saitoh M. Identification of integrin α3 as a molecular marker of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and of cancer cells with aggressive phenotypes. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1189-97. [PMID: 23786209 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in wound healing, tissue repair, and cancer progression in adult tissues. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces EMT in mouse epithelial cells. During prolonged treatment, TGF-β successively induces myofibroblastic differentiation with increased expression of myofibroblast marker proteins, including smooth muscle α actin and calponin. We recently showed that fibroblast growth factor-2 prevented myofibroblastic differentiation induced by TGF-β, and transdifferentiated the cells to those with much more aggressive characteristics (enhanced EMT). To identify the molecular markers specifically expressed in cells undergoing enhanced EMT induced by the combination of TGF-β and fibroblast growth factor-2, we carried out a microarray-based analysis and found that integrin α3 (ITGA3) and Ret were upregulated. Intriguingly, ITGA3 was also overexpressed in breast cancer cells with aggressive phenotypes and its expression was correlated with that of δEF-1, a key regulator of EMT. Moreover, the expression of both genes was downregulated by U0126, a MEK 1/2 inhibitor. Therefore, ITGA3 is a potential marker protein for cells undergoing enhanced EMT and for cancer cells with aggressive phenotypes, which is positively regulated by δEF-1 and the MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shirakihara
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Zhang J, Bi M, Zhong F, Jiao X, Zhang D, Dong Q. Role of CIP4 in high glucose induced epithelial--mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Ren Fail 2013; 35:989-95. [PMID: 23819628 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.808957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal mesothelial cell (PMC) plays a key role in the process of peritoneal fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PMCs is an important mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis. Prolonged exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluid containing a high concentration of glucose may lead to EMT of PMCs. Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) is a critical regulator of cell skeleton and downstream effector of Cdc42 and participates in EMT of tubular epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigate the possible role of CIP4 in EMT of PMC under high glucose (HG) condition in vitro and further explore the potential therapeutic point for peritoneal fibrosis. METHODS Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were isolated from the peritonea of rats by enzymatic digestion. Under HG conditions (1.5%, 2.5% and 4.25%), E-cadherin, α-SMA and CIP4 expression were assessed by Western blot. Effect of CIP4-siRNA and pcDNA3.1-CIP4 transfection on E-cadherin, α-SMA and CIP4 expression were also assessed respectively under 2.5% HG concentration. Cells were pretreated for 24 h with PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor perifosine and effect of perifosine on CIP4 expression were detected by Western blot. RESULTS EMT induction by HG was confirmed by the prevalence of morphological changes, loss of E-cadherin, increase in α-SMA expression. CIP4-siRNA transfection can reverse EMT of RPMCs. Over-expression of CIP4 promoted characteristics similar to those commonly observed in EMT. Furthermore, the increased CIP4 in response to HG was efficiently inhibited by perifosine. CONCLUSION This study shows that CIP4 promotes high glucose-induced EMT through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RPMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Ehata S, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi K, Miyazono K. Bi-directional roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: Another molecular Jekyll and Hyde? Pathol Int 2013; 63:287-96. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
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Motizuki M, Isogaya K, Miyake K, Ikushima H, Kubota T, Miyazono K, Saitoh M, Miyazawa K. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1) is a Smad cofactor involved in cell motility induced by transforming growth factor-β. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18911-22. [PMID: 23720758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by eliciting various cellular responses in target cells. TGF-β signaling is principally mediated through receptor-activated Smad proteins, which regulate expression of target genes in cooperation with other DNA-binding transcription factors (Smad cofactors). In this study, we found that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig1 is a Smad cofactor involved in TGF-β-induced cell motility. Knockdown of Olig1 attenuated TGF-β-induced cell motility in chamber migration and wound healing assays. In contrast, Olig1 knockdown had no effect on bone morphogenetic protein-induced cell motility, TGF-β-induced cytostasis, or epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we observed that cooperation of Smad2/3 with Olig1 is regulated by a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase, Pin1. TGF-β-induced cell motility, induction of Olig1-regulated genes, and physical interaction between Smad2/3 and Olig1 were all inhibited after knockdown of Pin1, indicating a novel mode of regulation of Smad signaling. We also found that Olig1 interacts with the L3 loop of Smad3. Using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the L3 loop of Smad3, we succeeded in selectively inhibiting TGF-β-induced cell motility. These findings may lead to a new strategy for selective regulation of TGF-β-induced cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Motizuki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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38
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Saitoh M, Shirakihara T, Fukasawa A, Horiguchi K, Sakamoto K, Sugiya H, Beppu H, Fujita Y, Morita I, Miyazono K, Miyazawa K. Basolateral BMP signaling in polarized epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62659. [PMID: 23675417 PMCID: PMC3652834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate various biological processes, mostly mediated by cells of mesenchymal origin. However, the roles of BMPs in epithelial cells are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in polarized epithelial cells, BMP signals are transmitted from BMP receptor complexes exclusively localized at the basolateral surface of the cell membrane. In addition, basolateral stimulation with BMP increased expression of components of tight junctions and enhanced the transepithelial resistance (TER), counteracting reduction of TER by treatment with TGF-β or an anti-tumor drug. We conclude that BMPs maintain epithelial polarity via intracellular signaling from basolaterally localized BMP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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40
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Su HT, Weng CC, Hsiao PJ, Chen LH, Kuo TL, Chen YW, Kuo KK, Cheng KH. Stem cell marker nestin is critical for TGF-β1-mediated tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:768-79. [PMID: 23552743 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell marker nestin is an intermediate filament protein that plays an important role in cell integrity, migration, and differentiation. Nestin expression occurs in approximately one third of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its expression strongly correlates with tumor staging and metastasis. Little is known about the mechanisms by which nestin influences PDAC progression. Here, nestin overexpression in PDAC cells increased cell motility and drove phenotypic changes associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro; conversely, knockdown of endogenous nestin expression reduced the migration rate and reverted cells to a more epithelial phenotype. Mouse xenograft studies showed that knockdown of nestin significantly reduced tumor incidence and volume. Nestin protein expression was associated with Smad4 status in PDAC cells; hence, nestin expression might be regulated by the TGF-β1/Smad4 pathway in PDAC. We examined nestin expression after TGF-β1 treatment in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and PANC-1 shSmad4 cells. The TGF-β1/Smad4 pathway induced nestin protein expression in PDAC cells in a Smad4-dependent manner. Moreover, increased nestin expression caused a positive feedback regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling system. In addition, hypoxia was shown to induce nestin expression in PDAC cells, and the hypoxia-induced expression of nestin is mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad4 pathway. Finally, the antimicrotubule inhibitors, cytochalasin D and withaferin A, exhibited anti-nestin activity; these inhibitors might be potential antimetastatic drugs. Our findings uncovered a novel role of nestin in regulating TGF-β1-induced EMT. Anti-nestin therapeutics may serve as a potential treatment for PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ting Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
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Spinale FG. Epilysin (Matrix Metalloproteinase-28) Joins the Matrix Metalloproteinase Team on the Field of Postmyocardial Infarction Remodeling. Circ Res 2013; 112:579-82. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis G. Spinale
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research Center (F.G.S.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (F.G.S.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center (F.G.S.), Columbia, SC
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Saito D, Kyakumoto S, Chosa N, Ibi M, Takahashi N, Okubo N, Sawada S, Ishisaki A, Kamo M. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition and integrin α3β1-mediated cell migration of HSC-4 human squamous cell carcinoma cells through Slug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 153:303-15. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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