1
|
Vazquez-Sandoval A, Velez-delValle C, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Marsch-Moreno M, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Kuri-Harcuch W. FAM129B is a cooperative protein that regulates adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:66-75. [PMID: 36442234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FAM129B is one of Niban-like proteins described in neoplastic cells and implicated in melanoma cell invasion, but no reports have been published on FAM129B and cell differentiation. We show that FAM129B is early and transiently expressed and crucial for 3T3-F442A adipogenesis. Fam129b is expressed downstream of the early genes Cebpb, Klf4, Klf5 and Srebf1a, but upstream of Pparg2 since knockdown of Fam129b blocked Pparg2 expression and adipose differentiation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity, a crucial kinase for adipogenesis, and the ERK1/2 are involved in FAM129B phosphorylation as part of the adipogenic program. Phosphorylated FAM129B is crucial for Pparg2 expression and the lipogenic gene expression downstream of Pparg2, and hence for adipogenesis. Fam129b knockdown reduced adipocyte cluster formation and size, regulating commitment and clonal amplification. In vivo, BAT, inguinal and epidydimal fat expressed Fam129b, suggesting a role in adipose tissue development. We conclude that FAM129B is a cooperative protein that regulates differentiation during the early stages of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Jorge-Tonatiuh Ayala-Sumuano
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico; Department of Biomedical Research, IDIX Biotech, Avenida de Los Portones 1151, Queretaro, CP 76100, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng G, Lian C, Li W, An H, Han Y, Fang D, Zheng Q. Upregulation of FAM129B protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response via enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1018-1031. [PMID: 34995000 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 129, member B (FAM129B) has been identified as a novel cytoprotective protein that facilitates the survival of detrimentally stimulated cells. However, whether FAM129B is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte survival after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown. The goal of this work was to evaluate the potential role of FAM129B in regulating hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. We demonstrated that exposure to H/R markedly downregulated the expression of FAM129B in cardiomyocytes. Functional experiments revealed that the upregulation of FAM129B improved H/R-exposed cardiomyocyte viability, and ameliorated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The upregulation of FAM129B significantly increased the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and reinforced Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) activation in H/R-exposed cardiomyocytes. Moreover, FAM129B modulates Nrf2/ARE signaling in a Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1-dependent manner. Notably, the inhibition of Nrf2 significantly blocked FAM129B-overexpression-induced cardioprotective effects in H/R-exposed cardiomyocytes. In summary, the findings of our work demonstrate that the upregulation of FAM129B ameliorates H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation. Thus, our study indicates that FAM129B may play a role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and has the potential to be used as a cardioprotective target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huixian An
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Han
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Section 2, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmidlin CJ, Tian W, Dodson M, Chapman E, Zhang DD. FAM129B-dependent activation of NRF2 promotes an invasive phenotype in BRAF mutant melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:331-341. [PMID: 33684228 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of melanoma continues to rise in the United States with ~100,000 new cases diagnosed in 2019. While the 5-year survival rate of melanoma is 99% when localized, the rate of survival drops to 22.5% when distant disease is detected. As such, an area of great interest is understanding the mechanisms that promote melanoma metastasis so that better potential therapeutic targets can be discovered. Herein, we demonstrate that activation of NRF2 by FAM129B contributes to increased metastatic potential of BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells. Specifically, FAM129B induces NRF2 by competing for Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) binding (the negative regulator of NRF2) via an ETGE motif. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of FAM129B plays a role in mediating the interaction between FAM129B and KEAP1, as the phosphorylation status of FAM129B dictates its subcellular localization. When phosphorylated, FAM129B is found primarily in the cytosol where it can bind to KEAP1, but upon inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activity, FAM129B is localized to the cell membrane and no longer interacts with KEAP1. In BRAF V600E mutant melanoma, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leads to hyperphosphorylation of FAM129B, and therefore FAM129B localizes to the cytosol, binds KEAP1, and upregulates NRF2. Importantly, genetic modulation or pharmacological inhibition that results in a decrease in FAM129B protein level or its phosphorylation decreases migration and invasion of mutant melanoma in an NRF2-dependent manner. Overall, these data indicate that phosphorylation of FAM129B plays a significant role in driving the metastatic potential of BRAF V600E melanoma via upregulation of the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Schmidlin
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Larson ED, Magno JPM, Steritz MJ, Llanes EGDV, Cardwell J, Pedro M, Roberts TB, Einarsdottir E, Rosanes RAQ, Greenlee C, Santos RAP, Yousaf A, Streubel SO, Santos ATR, Ruiz AG, Lagrana-Villagracia SM, Ray D, Yarza TKL, Scholes MA, Anderson CB, Acharya A, Gubbels SP, Bamshad MJ, Cass SP, Lee NR, Shaikh RS, Nickerson DA, Mohlke KL, Prager JD, Cruz TLG, Yoon PJ, Abes GT, Schwartz DA, Chan AL, Wine TM, Cutiongco-de la Paz EM, Friedman N, Kechris K, Kere J, Leal SM, Yang IV, Patel JA, Tantoco MLC, Riazuddin S, Chan KH, Mattila PS, Reyes-Quintos MRT, Ahmed ZM, Jenkins HA, Chonmaitree T, Hafrén L, Chiong CM, Santos-Cortez RLP. A2ML1 and otitis media: novel variants, differential expression, and relevant pathways. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1156-1171. [PMID: 31009165 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A genetic basis for otitis media is established, however, the role of rare variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. Previously a duplication variant within A2ML1 was identified as a significant risk factor for otitis media in an indigenous Filipino population and in US children. In this report exome and Sanger sequencing was performed using DNA samples from the indigenous Filipino population, Filipino cochlear implantees, US probands, Finnish, and Pakistani families with otitis media. Sixteen novel, damaging A2ML1 variants identified in otitis media patients were rare or low-frequency in population-matched controls. In the indigenous population, both gingivitis and A2ML1 variants including the known duplication variant and the novel splice variant c.4061 + 1 G>C were independently associated with otitis media. Sequencing of salivary RNA samples from indigenous Filipinos demonstrated lower A2ML1 expression according to the carriage of A2ML1 variants. Sequencing of additional salivary RNA samples from US patients with otitis media revealed differentially expressed genes that are highly correlated with A2ML1 expression levels. In particular, RND3 is upregulated in both A2ML1 variant carriers and high-A2ML1 expressors. These findings support a role for A2ML1 in keratinocyte differentiation within the middle ear as part of otitis media pathology and the potential application of ROCK inhibition in otitis media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jose Pedrito M Magno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Matthew J Steritz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erasmo Gonzalo D V Llanes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Cardwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melquiadesa Pedro
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tori Bootpetch Roberts
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rose Anne Q Rosanes
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christopher Greenlee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Ayesha Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sven-Olrik Streubel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Amanda G Ruiz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sheryl Mae Lagrana-Villagracia
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dylan Ray
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Talitha Karisse L Yarza
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Melissa A Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine B Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen P Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc. and Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Rehan S Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Teresa Luisa G Cruz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patricia J Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Generoso T Abes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Abner L Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Todd M Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Norman Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janak A Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ma Leah C Tantoco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenny H Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Petri S Mattila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Rina T Reyes-Quintos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Herman A Jenkins
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tasnee Chonmaitree
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lena Hafrén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotte M Chiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Center for Children's Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Yang F, Zhang Q, Miao Y, Hu X, Li A, Hou G, Wang Q, Kang J. FAM129B promoted tumor invasion and proliferation via facilitating the phosphorylation of FAK signaling and associated with adverse clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7493-7501. [PMID: 30498362 PMCID: PMC6207221 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family with sequence similarity 129, member B (FAM129B), also called MINERVA, is upregulated and promotes tumor invasion in multiple types of cancer. However, the mechanism and clinicopathological significance of FAM129B remains unclear. Materials and methods Online KM-plotter tool and immunohistochemistry were used to predict the prognostic value of FAM129B expression in lung cancer tissues. Western blotting analysis, MTT, colony formation assay and matrigel invasion assay were performed after overexpressing or depleting FAM129B. Results In this study, using the online KM-plotter tool, we found FAM129B was correlated with adverse outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry results revealed that FAM129B showed negative or dim expression in normal lung tissues while presented positive cytoplasmic expression in both squamous cell lung carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. The positive ratio of FAM129B in clinical NSCLC tissue samples (77/187, 41.2%) was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue samples (8/68, 11.8%; P<0.001). FAM129B expression associated with advanced TNM staging (P<0.001) and positive regional lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that the survival time of patients with positive FAM129B expression was significantly shorter than those with negatively FAM129B expression (P<0.001). Proliferation and invasion assay revealed that FAM129B prominently facilitated tumor proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cells. Western blotting results revealed that FAM129B upregulated the expression of MMP2 and Cyclin D1 by enhancing the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr 397 and Tyr 925. Incorporation of FAK inhibitor in the medium significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of FAK and subsequently attenuated increasing expression of MMP2 and Cyclin D1 induced by FAM129B overexpression. Conclusion Our results indicated that FAM129B may be a new prognosis predictor of NSCLC patients and impact tumor invasion and proliferation of NSCLC cells through promoting the activation of FAK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangfei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease in Geratology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|