1
|
Cardoso KMMC, Gomes LA, Reis AMS, Silva CMO, Tamiasso NV, Serakides R, Ocarino NM. Phenotype and synthesis activity of joint chondrocytes extracted from newborn rats with prenatal ethanol exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S414-S422. [PMID: 34565211 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211045949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one treated with ethanol and the other of untreated. Four newborns from each mother were selected and weighed, measured, and evaluated for physical characteristics. From these neonates, chondrocytes were extracted from the articular cartilages of the femur and tibia, and cultivated in a chondrogenic medium at 37oC and 5% CO2. At 7, 14, and 21 days of cultivation, alkaline phosphatase activity tests, MTT conversion to formazan, and percentage area covered by cells per field were performed. At 21 days, the percentage of PAS+ areas in 3D cultures was performed, as well as the evaluation of gene transcript expression for aggrecan, SOX-9, collagen type II, collagen X, Runx-2, and VEGF by real-time RT-PCR. The means were compared by Student's t-test. The weight of the ethanol group neonates was significantly lower than that of the controls. Chondrocyte cultures from the ethanol group showed significantly higher AP activity, MTT conversion, and cell percentage. There was higher expression of collagen type II and lower expression of SOX-9 in the ethanol group. There was no difference in the percentage of PAS+ areas in pellets and in expression of aggrecan, collagen X, Runx-2, or VEGF between groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to ethanol alters the phenotype and activity of offspring chondrocytes, which may be mechanisms by which endochondral bone formation is compromised by maternal ethanol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kênia Mara M C Cardoso
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lorenna A Gomes
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria S Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Geral, 113014UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria O Silva
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia V Tamiasso
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (NCT-TCA), Departamento de Clínica e CirurgiaVeterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, 154001UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gene expression of type II collagen is regulated by direct interaction with Kruppel-like factor 4 and AT-rich interactive domain 5B. Gene 2020; 773:145381. [PMID: 33383116 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found and characterized two pairs of enhancer elements, E1 and E2, in the type II collagen alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) gene. Subsequent studies have suggested that these enhancers function differently in the regulation of gene expression. For example, histone deacetylase 10 modifies only the E2 enhancer region to affect gene expression. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the transcriptional complex formed at each enhancer region by identifying transcription factors that specifically bind to each enhancer element. To this end, we used chondrocytic cell lines established using our unique silent reporter system and overexpressed candidate transcription factors in these cells. We found two transcription factors, other than the SOX trio, that directly bound to COL2A1 and regulated its expression. The first was Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4), which bound to the promoter proximal region, and the second was AT-rich interactive domain 5B (ARID5B) which bound to the E1 enhancer element. Further studies are needed to identify factors that specifically bind to the E2 enhancer element. In any case, our findings provide an important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of COL2A1. In this paper, we reevaluated the previous analysis of transcription factors involved in the regulation of COL2A1 expression.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nham GTH, Zhang X, Asou Y, Shinomura T. Expression of type II collagen and aggrecan genes is regulated through distinct epigenetic modifications of their multiple enhancer elements. Gene 2019; 704:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
4
|
Shi S, Wang C, Chan A, Kirmani K, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Comparative Effectiveness of Structural versus Regulatory Protein Gene Transfer on Articular Chondrocyte Matrix Gene Expression. Cartilage 2019; 10:102-110. [PMID: 28703018 PMCID: PMC6376561 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517719317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The production of extracellular matrix is a necessary component of articular cartilage repair. Gene transfer is a promising method to improve matrix biosynthesis by articular chondrocytes. Gene transfer may employ transgenes encoding regulatory factors that stimulate the production of matrix proteins, or may employ transgenes that encode the proteins themselves. The objective of this study was to determine which of these 2 approaches would be the better choice for further development. We compared these 2 approaches using the transgenes encoding the structural matrix proteins, aggrecan or type II collagen, and the transgene encoding the anabolic factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). METHODS We transfected adult bovine articular chondrocytes with constructs encoding type II collagen, aggrecan, or IGF-I, and measured the expression of type II collagen ( COL2A1) and aggrecan ( ACAN) from their native genes and from their transgenes. RESULTS IGF-I gene ( IGF1) transfer increased the expression of the native chondrocyte COL2A1 and ACAN genes 2.4 and 2.9 times control, respectively. COL2A1 gene transfer did not significantly increase COL2A1 transcripts, even when the transgene included the genomic COL2A1 regulatory sequences stimulated by chondrogenic growth factors. In contrast, ACAN gene transfer increased ACAN transcripts up to 3.4 times control levels. IGF1, but not ACAN, gene transfer increased aggrecan protein production. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that the type II collagen and aggrecan production required for articular cartilage repair will be more effectively achieved by genes that encode anabolic regulatory factors than by genes that encode the matrix molecules themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Albert Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kashif Kirmani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen B. Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Richard L.
Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Stephen B. Trippel, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 West Michigan
Street, Suite 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tompson SW, Johnson C, Abbott D, Bakall B, Soler V, Yanovitch TL, Whisenhunt KN, Klemm T, Rozen S, Stone EM, Johnson M, Young TL. Reduced penetrance in a large Caucasian pedigree with Stickler syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:43-50. [PMID: 28095098 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1275018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a four-generation Caucasian family variably diagnosed with autosomal dominant (AD) Stickler or Wagner disease, commercial gene screening failed to identify a mutation in COL2A1 or VCAN. We utilized linkage mapping and exome sequencing to identify the causal variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA samples collected from 40 family members were analyzed. A whole-genome linkage scan was performed using Illumina HumanLinkage-24 BeadChip followed by two-point and multipoint linkage analyses using FASTLINK and MERLIN. Exome sequencing was performed on two affected individuals, followed by co-segregation analysis. RESULTS Parametric multipoint linkage analysis using an AD inheritance model demonstrated HLOD scores > 2.00 at chromosomes 1p36.13-1p36.11 and 12q12-12q14.1. SIMWALK multipoint analysis replicated the peak in chromosome 12q (peak LOD = 1.975). FASTLINK two-point analysis highlighted several clustered chromosome 12q SNPs with HLOD > 1.0. Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation (c.115C>T, p.Gln39*) in exon 2 of COL2A1 that is expected to result in nonsense-mediated decay of the RNA transcript. This mutation co-segregated with all clinically affected individuals and seven individuals who were clinically unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The utility of combining traditional linkage mapping and exome sequencing is highlighted to identify gene mutations in large families displaying a Mendelian inheritance of disease. Historically, nonsense mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1 have been reported to cause a fully penetrant ocular-only Stickler phenotype with few or no systemic manifestations. We report a novel nonsense mutation in exon 2 of COL2A1 that displays incomplete penetrance and/or variable age of onset with extraocular manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Tompson
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | | | - Diana Abbott
- c Department of Biostatistics and Informatics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Benjamin Bakall
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Vincent Soler
- e Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Tammy L Yanovitch
- f Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
| | - Kristina N Whisenhunt
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Thomas Klemm
- g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Steve Rozen
- g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Edwin M Stone
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Max Johnson
- b Retina Consultants, Ltd ., Fargo , North Dakota , USA
| | - Terri L Young
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA.,g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diaz-Romero J, Kürsener S, Kohl S, Nesic D. S100B + A1 CELISA: A Novel Potency Assay and Screening Tool for Redifferentiation Stimuli of Human Articular Chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1559-1570. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diaz-Romero
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Kürsener
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sandro Kohl
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dobrila Nesic
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yasuda H, Oh CD, Chen D, de Crombrugghe B, Kim JH. A Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Type II Collagen Expression via a SOX9-dependent Enhancer in Intron 6. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:528-538. [PMID: 27881681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II collagen α1 is specific for cartilaginous tissues, and mutations in its gene are associated with skeletal diseases. Its expression has been shown to be dependent on SOX9, a master transcription factor required for chondrogenesis that binds to an enhancer region in intron 1. However, ChIP sequencing revealed that SOX9 does not strongly bind to intron 1, but rather it binds to intron 6 and a site 30 kb upstream of the transcription start site. Here, we aimed to determine the role of the novel SOX9-binding site in intron 6. We prepared reporter constructs that contain a Col2a1 promoter, intron 1 with or without intron 6, and the luciferase gene. Although the reporter constructs were not activated by SOX9 alone, the construct that contained both introns 1 and 6 was activated 5-10-fold by the SOX9/SOX5 or the SOX9/SOX6 combination in transient-transfection assays in 293T cells. This enhancement was also observed in rat chondrosarcoma cells that stably expressed the construct. CRISPR/Cas9-induced deletion of intron 6 in RCS cells revealed that a 10-bp region of intron 6 is necessary both for Col2a1 expression and SOX9 binding. Furthermore, SOX9, but not SOX5, binds to this region as demonstrated in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, although both SOX9 and SOX5 bind to a larger 325-bp fragment of intron 6 containing this small sequence. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action of SOX5/6; namely, the SOX9/5/6 combination enhances Col2a1 transcription through a novel enhancer in intron 6 together with the enhancer in intron 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Yasuda
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, .,the Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Chun-do Oh
- the Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and.,the Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612-3823
| | - Di Chen
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612-3823
| | - Benoit de Crombrugghe
- the Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Development and application of a new Silent reporter system to quantitate the activity of enhancer elements in the type II Collagen Gene. Gene 2016; 585:13-21. [PMID: 26992640 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen is a major component of cartilage, which provide structural stiffness to the tissue. As a sufficient amount of type II collagen is critical for maintaining the biomechanical properties of cartilage, its expression is tightly regulated in chondrocytes. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate in detail the transcriptional mechanism that controls expression of type II collagen, in particular by two enhancer elements we recently discovered. To systematically analyze and compare enhancer activities, we developed a novel reporter assay system that exploits site-specific integration of promoter and enhancer elements to activate a transcriptionally silent reporter gene. Using this system, we found that the enhancer elements have distinct characteristics, with one exhibiting additive effects and the other exhibiting synergistic effects when repeated in tandem.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu CF, Lefebvre V. The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8183-203. [PMID: 26150426 PMCID: PMC4787819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We use here genome-wide approaches to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio. Using the RCS cell line as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes, we uncover that SOX6 and SOX9 bind thousands of genomic sites, frequently and most efficiently near each other. SOX9 recognizes pairs of inverted SOX motifs, whereas SOX6 favors pairs of tandem SOX motifs. The SOX proteins primarily target enhancers. While binding to a small fraction of typical enhancers, they bind multiple sites on almost all super-enhancers (SEs) present in RCS cells. These SEs are predominantly linked to cartilage-specific genes. The SOX proteins effectively work together to activate these SEs and are required for in vivo expression of their associated genes. These genes encode key regulatory factors, including the SOX trio proteins, and all essential cartilage extracellular matrix components. Chst11, Fgfr3, Runx2 and Runx3 are among many other newly identified SOX trio targets. SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 thus cooperate genome-wide, primarily through SEs, to implement the growth plate chondrocyte differentiation program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
GWEON EUNJEONG, KIM SONGJA. Resveratrol attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2- regulated differentiation of HTB94 chondrosarcoma cells through the p38 kinase and JNK pathways. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:71-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
11
|
Ikeda Y, Ito K, Izumi Y, Shinomura T. A candidate enhancer element responsible for high-level expression of the aggrecan gene in chondrocytes. J Biochem 2014; 156:21-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|