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Zhai Y, Morihara R, Feng T, Hu X, Fukui Y, Bian Z, Bian Y, Yu H, Sun H, Takemoto M, Nakano Y, Yunoki T, Tang Y, Ishiura H, Yamashita T. Protective effect of scallop-derived plasmalogen against vascular dysfunction, via the pSTAT3/PIM1/NFATc1 axis, in a novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148790. [PMID: 38272156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dysfunction has been the focus of increasing attention in aging societies. In the present study, we examined the long-term effect of scallop-derived plasmalogen (sPlas) on vascular remodeling-related proteins in the brain of an AD with cerebral hypoperfusion (HP) mouse model. We demonstrated, for the first time, that cerebral HP activated the axis of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)/phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3)/provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1)/nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), accounting for such cerebral vascular remodeling. Moreover, we also found that cerebral HP accelerated pSTAT3-mediated astrogliosis and activation of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, probably leading to cognitive decline. On the other hand, sPlas treatment attenuated the activation of the pSTAT3/PIM1/NFATc1 axis independent of RAGE and significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, demonstrating the beneficial effect on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Ortlund E, Chen CY, Maner-Smith K, Khadka M, Ahn J, Gulbin X, Ivanova A, Dammer E, Seyfried N, Bennett D, Hajjar I. Integrative brain omics approach reveals key role for sn-1 lysophosphatidylethanolamine in Alzheimer's dementia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3973736. [PMID: 38464293 PMCID: PMC10925467 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3973736/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The biology of individual lipid species and their relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incompletely understood. We utilized non-targeted mass spectrometry to examine brain lipids variations across 316 post-mortem brains from participants in the Religious Orders Study (ROS) or Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) cohorts classified as either control, asymptomatic AD (AAD), or symptomatic AD (SAD) and integrated the lipidomics data with untargeted proteomic characterization on the same individuals. Lipid enrichment analysis and analysis of variance identified significantly lower abundance of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species in SAD than controls or AAD. Lipid-protein co-expression network analyses revealed that lipid modules consisting of LPE and LPC exhibited a significant association to protein modules associated with MAPK/metabolism, post-synaptic density, and Cell-ECM interaction pathways and were associated with better antemortem cognition and with neuropathological changes seen in AD. Particularly, LPE 22:6 [sn-1] levels are significantly decreased across AD cases (SAD) and show the most influence on protein changes compared to other lysophospholipid species. LPE 22:6 may be a lipid signature for AD and could be leveraged as potential therapeutic or dietary targets for AD.
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Fernandes T, Melo T, Conde T, Neves B, Domingues P, Resende R, Pereira CF, Moreira PI, Domingues MR. Mapping the lipidome in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38327008 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) plays a relevant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MAMs have been implicated in neuronal dysfunction and death since it is associated with impairment of functions regulated in this subcellular domain, including lipid synthesis and trafficking, mitochondria dysfunction, ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR), apoptosis, and inflammation. Since MAMs play an important role in lipid metabolism, in this study we characterized and investigated the lipidome alterations at MAMs in comparison with other subcellular fractions, namely microsomes and mitochondria, using an in vitro model of AD, namely the mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2A) over-expressing the APP familial Swedish mutation (APPswe) and the respective control (WT) cells. Phospholipids (PLs) and fatty acids (FAs) were isolated from the different subcellular fractions and analyzed by HILIC-LC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. In this in vitro AD model, we observed a down-regulation in relative abundance of some phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) species with PUFA and few PC with saturated and long-chain FA. We also found an up-regulation of CL, and antioxidant alkyl acyl PL. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that each organelle has a specific lipid profile adaptation in N2A APPswe cells. In the FAs profile, we found an up-regulation of C16:0 in all subcellular fractions, a decrease of C18:0 levels in total fraction (TF) and microsomes fraction, and a down-regulation of 9-C18:1 was also found in mitochondria fraction in the AD model. Together, these results suggest that the over-expression of the familial APP Swedish mutation affects lipid homeostasis in MAMs and other subcellular fractions and supports the important role of lipids in AD physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Fernandes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Resende
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Lv Y, Yan S, Deng K, Chen Z, Yang Z, Li F, Luo Q. Unlocking the Molecular Variations of a Micron-Scale Amyloid Plaque in an Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease by a Cellular-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging Platform. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:337-345. [PMID: 38166448 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular changes at the site where Aβ is deposited plays a critical role in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, there is currently a lack of a suitable label-free imaging method with a high spatial resolution for brain tissue analysis. In this study, we propose a modified desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method, called segmented temperature-controlled DESI (STC-DESI), to achieve high-resolution and high-sensitivity spatial metabolomics observation by precisely controlling desorption and ionization temperatures. By concentrating the spray plume and accelerating solvent evaporation at different temperatures, we achieved an impressive spatial resolution of 20 μm that enables direct observation of the heterogeneity around a single cell or an individual Aβ plaque and an exciting sensitivity that allows a variety of low-abundance metabolites and less ionizable neutral lipids to be detected. We applied this STC-DESI method to analyze the brains of transgenic AD mice and identified molecular changes associated with individual Aβ aggregates. More importantly, our study provides the first evidence that carnosine is significantly depleted and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) levels rise sharply around Aβ deposits. These observations highlight the potential of carnosine as a sensitive molecular probe for clinical magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and the potential of 5-CQA as an efficient therapeutic strategy for Aβ clearance in the early AD stage. Overall, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our STC-DESI method and shed light on the potential roles of these molecules in AD pathology, specifically in cellular endocytosis, gray matter network disruption, and paravascular Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Lv
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shuxiong Yan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ka Deng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Yamashita S, Miyazawa T, Higuchi O, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Marine Plasmalogens: A Gift from the Sea with Benefits for Age-Associated Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:6328. [PMID: 37687157 PMCID: PMC10488995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging increases oxidative and inflammatory stress caused by a reduction in metabolism and clearance, thus leading to the development of age-associated diseases. The quality of our daily diet and exercise is important for the prevention of these diseases. Marine resources contain various valuable nutrients, and unique glycerophospholipid plasmalogens are found abundantly in some marine invertebrates, including ascidians. One of the major classes, the ethanolamine class (PlsEtn), exists in a high ratio to phospholipids in the brain and blood, while decreased levels have been reported in patients with age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Animal studies have shown that the administration of marine PlsEtn prepared from marine invertebrates improved PlsEtn levels in the body and alleviated inflammation. Animal and human studies have reported that marine PlsEtn ameliorates cognitive impairment. In this review, we highlight the biological significance, relationships with age-associated diseases, food functions, and healthcare materials of plasmalogens based on recent knowledge and discuss the contribution of marine plasmalogens to health maintenance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (T.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Ohki Higuchi
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (T.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (T.M.); (O.H.)
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Li R, Xiong W, Li B, Li Y, Fang B, Wang X, Ren F. Plasmalogen Improves Memory Function by Regulating Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12234. [PMID: 37569610 PMCID: PMC10418626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is associated with hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and its initiation is attributed to neural stem cells (NSCs). Dysregulated AHN has been identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may underlie impaired cognitive function in AD. Modulating the function of NSCs and stimulating AHN are potential ways to manipulate AD. Plasmalogen (PLA) are a class of cell membrane glycerophospholipids which exhibit neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of PLA on altered AHN in AD has not been investigated. In our study, PLA(10μg/mL) -attenuated Aβ (1-42) (5μM) induced a decrease in NSC viability and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, partially through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, AD mice were supplemented with PLA (67mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. PLA treatment improved the impaired AHN in AD mice, including increasing the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) and newly generated neurons. The memory function of AD mice was also enhanced after PLA administration. Therefore, it was summarized that PLA could regulate NSC differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ameliorate AD-related memory impairment through up-regulating AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Boying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Xifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
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Liu Y, Li P, Liu Y, Jiang T, Xu J, Xue C. Dietary exposure to plasmenylethanolamine prevents microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by enhancing microglia autophagy. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marcos Pasero H, García Tejedor A, Giménez-Bastida JA, Laparra Llopis JM. Modifiable Innate Biology within the Gut–Brain Axis for Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092098. [PMID: 36140198 PMCID: PMC9495985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prototypical inflammation-associated loss of cognitive function, with approximately 90% of the AD burden associated with invading myeloid cells controlling the function of the resident microglia. This indicates that the immune microenvironment has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Multiple peripheral stimuli, conditioned by complex and varied interactions between signals that stem at the intestinal level and neuroimmune processes, are involved in the progression and severity of AD. Conceivably, the targeting of critical innate immune signals and cells is achievable, influencing immune and metabolic health within the gut–brain axis. Considerable progress has been made, modulating many different metabolic and immune alterations that can drive AD development. However, non-pharmacological strategies targeting immunometabolic processes affecting neuroinflammation in AD treatment remain general and, at this point, are applied to all patients regardless of disease features. Despite these possibilities, improved knowledge of the relative contribution of the different innate immune cells and molecules comprising the chronically inflamed brain network to AD pathogenesis, and elucidation of the network hierarchy, are needed for planning potent preventive and/or therapeutic interventions. Moreover, an integrative perspective addressing transdisciplinary fields can significantly contribute to molecular pathological epidemiology, improving the health and quality of life of AD patients. This review is intended to gather modifiable immunometabolic processes based on their importance in the prevention and management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcos Pasero
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurora García Tejedor
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(0)-9-1787-8100
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Hernandez C, Shukla S. Liposome based drug delivery as a potential treatment option for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1190-1198. [PMID: 34782553 PMCID: PMC8643057 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition leading to atrophy of the brain and robbing nearly 5.8 million individuals in the United States age 65 and older of their cognitive functions. Alzheimer's disease is associated with dementia and a progressive decline in memory, thinking, and social skills, eventually leading to a point that the individual can no longer perform daily activities independently. Currently available drugs on the market temporarily alleviate the symptoms, however, they are not successful in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment and cures have been constricted due to the difficulty of drug delivery to the blood-brain barrier. Several studies have led to identification of vesicles to transport the necessary drugs through the blood-brain barrier that would typically not achieve the targeted area through systemic delivered medications. Recently, liposomes have emerged as a viable drug delivery agent to transport drugs that are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes are being used as a component of nanoparticle drug delivery; due to their biocompatible nature; and possessing the capability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents across the blood brain barrier into the brain cells. Studies indicate the importance of liposomal based drug delivery in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The idea is to encapsulate the drugs inside the properly engineered liposome to generate a response of treatment. Liposomes are engineered to target specific diseased moieties and also several surface modifications of liposomes are under research to create a clinical path to the management of Alzheimer's disease. This review deals with Alzheimer's disease and emphasize on challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain, and how liposomal drug delivery can play an important role as a drug delivery method for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review also sheds some light on variation of liposomes. Additionally, it emphasizes on the liposomal formulations which are currently researched or used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and also discusses the future prospect of liposomal based drug delivery in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carely Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Surabhi Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
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Feng T, Hu X, Fukui Y, Bian Z, Bian Y, Sun H, Takemoto M, Yunoki T, Nakano Y, Morihara R, Abe K, Yamashita T. Clinical and Pathological Benefits of Scallop-Derived Plasmalogen in a Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1973-1982. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The oral ingestion of scallop-derived plasmalogen (sPlas) significantly improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Objective: However, the effects and mechanisms of sPlas on AD with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a class of mixed dementia contributing to 20–30% among the dementia society, were still elusive. Methods: In the present study, we applied a novel mouse model of AD with CCH to investigate the potential effects of sPlas on AD with CCH. Results: The present study demonstrated that sPlas significantly recovered cerebral blood flow, improved motor and cognitive deficits, reduced amyloid-β pathology, regulated neuroinflammation, ameliorated neural oxidative stress, and inhibited neuronal loss in AD with CCH mice at 12 M. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sPlas possesses clinical and pathological benefits for AD with CCH in the novel model mice. Furthermore, sPlas could have promising prevention and therapeutic effects on patients of AD with CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Park J, Choi J, Kim DD, Lee S, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Noh M, Lee MO, Le QV, Oh YK. Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:465-482. [PMID: 34462378 PMCID: PMC8411027 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Plasmalogen attenuates the development of hepatic steatosis and cognitive deficit through mechanism involving p75NTR inhibition. Redox Biol 2021; 43:102002. [PMID: 33984602 PMCID: PMC8134739 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the reduction of ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) is associated with in Alzheimer's disease and metabolic diseases. However, the mechanistic bases for PlsEtn on the these diseases are not well understood. Plasmalogens are primarily synthesized in the liver and enriched in brain. To this end, the present study sought to investigate the potential role of PlsEtn on steatohepatitis and memory impairments and its underlying mechanism. Here we show that peroxisome dysfunction and impairment of PlsEtn synthesis pathway occurs in both of hippocampus and liver, resulting in the decrease of PlsEtn level in APP/PS1 mice and HFD-fed mice. shGNPAT induced PlsEtn deficiency in hepatocytes induces p75NTR enhancement leading to decreased lipolysis activity, thereby exacerbating steatosis. Moreover, in the brain, PlsEtn administration appears to not only improve steatosis but also prevent Alzheimer's disease through restoration of TrkA/p75NTR balance. Together, our findings reveal a molecular mechanistic insight into the preventive role of plasmalogen modulation against steatosis and memory impairments via p75NTR inhibition. Peroxisome dysfunction and impairment of plasmalogen synthesis pathway resulted in the decrease of plasmalogen level. Plasmalogen deficiency in hepatocytes induces p75NTR enhancement leading to decreased lipolysis activity. Ethanolamine plasmalogen administration improves memory impairments by restoration of TrkA/p75NTR balance. Ethanolamine plasmalogen administration attenuates neurodegeneration and neuronal death, and mitigates oxidative stress.
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13
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Zhou Y, Yu N, Zhao J, Xie Z, Yang Z, Tian B. Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Application Potential of Plasmalogens in Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:765. [PMID: 32984309 PMCID: PMC7487321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a special class of polar glycerolipids containing a vinyl-ether bond and an ester bond at sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone, respectively. In animals, impaired biosynthesis and regulation of plasmalogens may lead to certain neurological and metabolic diseases. Plasmalogens deficiency was proposed to be strongly associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and appropriate supplement of plasmalogens could help to prevent and possibly provide therapy of these diseases. Plasmalogens evolved first in anaerobic bacteria with an anaerobic biosynthetic pathway. Later, an oxygen-dependent biosynthesis of plasmalogens appeared in animal cells. This review summarizes and updates current knowledge of anaerobic and aerobic pathways of plasmalogens biosynthesis, including the enzymes involved, steps and aspects of the regulation of these processes. Strategies for increasing the expression of plasmalogen synthetic genes using synthetic biology techniques under specific conditions are discussed. Deep understanding of plasmalogens biosynthesis will provide the bases for the use of plasmalogens and their precursors as potential therapeutic regimens for age-related degenerative and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenming Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaonan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Plasmalogens in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Age-Specific Diseases. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905702003011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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The TMEM189 gene encodes plasmanylethanolamine desaturase which introduces the characteristic vinyl ether double bond into plasmalogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7792-7798. [PMID: 32209662 PMCID: PMC7149458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917461117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant fraction of the glycerophospholipids in the human body is composed of plasmalogens, particularly in the brain, cardiac, and immune cell membranes. A decline in these lipids has been observed in such diseases as Alzheimer's and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Plasmalogens contain a characteristic 1-O-alk-1'-enyl ether (vinyl ether) double bond that confers special biophysical, biochemical, and chemical properties to these lipids. However, the genetics of their biosynthesis is not fully understood, since no gene has been identified that encodes plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (E.C. 1.14.99.19), the enzyme introducing the crucial alk-1'-enyl ether double bond. The present work identifies this gene as transmembrane protein 189 (TMEM189). Inactivation of the TMEM189 gene in human HAP1 cells led to a total loss of plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity, strongly decreased plasmalogen levels, and accumulation of plasmanylethanolamine substrates and resulted in an inability of these cells to form labeled plasmalogens from labeled alkylglycerols. Transient expression of TMEM189 protein, but not of other selected desaturases, recovered this deficit. TMEM189 proteins contain a conserved protein motif (pfam10520) with eight conserved histidines that is shared by an alternative type of plant desaturase but not by other mammalian proteins. Each of these histidines is essential for plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity. Mice homozygous for an inactivated Tmem189 gene lacked plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity and had dramatically lowered plasmalogen levels in their tissues. These results assign the TMEM189 gene to plasmanylethanolamine desaturase and suggest that the previously characterized phenotype of Tmem189-deficient mice may be caused by a lack of plasmalogens.
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16
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Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041505. [PMID: 32098382 PMCID: PMC7073164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254; Fax: +886-6-275-8781
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17
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Identification of plasmalogens in Bifidobacterium longum, but not in Bifidobacterium animalis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:427. [PMID: 31949186 PMCID: PMC6965078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of glycerol backbone instead of an ester bond. Plasmalogens are indicated to have many important functions in mammalian cells. On the other hand, it is suggested that some gut microbiota plays many probiotic functions to human health. Presence of plasmalogens in Clostridium strains in gut microbiota is well-known, but presence of plasmalogens in Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) strain, one of the most important probiotic gut microbiota, has not been reported. We identified plasmalogens in lipid extract from some B. longum species, but not from Bifidobacterium animalis (B. animalis) species which are another important strain of probiotic bifidobacteria. Major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in B. longum species were cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Almost all of the phospholipids from B. longum examined were indicated to be plasmalogens. Although major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in human brain and major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in B. longum are different, it is interesting to note that many reported functions of microbiota-gut-brain axis on human neurodegenerative diseases and those functions of plasmalogens on neurodegenerative diseases are overlapped. The presence of plasmalogens in B. longum species may play important roles for many probiotic effects of B. longum to human health.
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18
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Ahmmed MK, Ahmmed F, Tian HS, Carne A, Bekhit AED. Marine omega-3 (n-3) phospholipids: A comprehensive review of their properties, sources, bioavailability, and relation to brain health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:64-123. [PMID: 33319514 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, there has been considerable interest in marine-derived long chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) due to their outstanding health benefits. n-3 LCPUFAs can be found in nature either in triglycerides (TAGs) or in phospholipid (PL) form. From brain health point of view, PL n-3 is more bioavailable and potent compared to n-3 in TAG form, as only PL n-3 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and can be involved in brain biochemical reactions. However, PL n-3 has been ignored in the fish oil industry and frequently removed as an impurity during degumming processes. As a result, PL products derived from marine sources are very limited compared to TAG products. Commercially, PLs are being used in pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers, in food manufacturing as emulsifiers and in cosmetic industries as skin care agents, but most of the PLs used in these applications are produced from vegetable sources that contain less (without EPA, DPA, and DHA) or sometimes no n-3 LCPUFAs. This review provides a comprehensive account of the properties, structures, and major sources of marine PLs, and provides focussed discussion of their relationship to brain health. Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies on n-3 LCPUFAs enriched PLs using different model systems in relation to brain and mental health that have been published over the past few years are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtns), a subtype of phospholipids, have a close association with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Decreased levels of PlsEtns have been commonly found in AD patients, and were correlated with cognition deficit and severity of disease. Limited studies showed positive therapeutic outcomes with plasmalogens interventions in AD subjects and in rodents. The potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of PlsEtns on AD may be related to the reduction of γ–secretase activity, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of β-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark of AD. Emerging in vitro evidence also showed that PlsEtns prevented neuronal cell death by enhancing phosphorylation of AKT and ERK signaling through the activation of orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins. In addition, PlsEtns have been found to suppress the death of primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cells through the inhibition of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavages. Further in-depth investigations are required to determine the signature molecular species of PlsEtns associated with AD, hence their potential role as biomarkers. Clinical intervention with plasmalogens is still in its infancy but may have the potential to be explored for a novel therapeutic approach to correct AD pathology and neural function.
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20
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Luo S, Coresh J, Tin A, Rebholz CM, Appel LJ, Chen J, Vasan RS, Anderson AH, Feldman HI, Kimmel PL, Waikar SS, Köttgen A, Evans AM, Levey AS, Inker LA, Sarnak MJ, Grams ME. Serum Metabolomic Alterations Associated with Proteinuria in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 14:342-353. [PMID: 30733224 PMCID: PMC6419293 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10010818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data are scarce on blood metabolite associations with proteinuria, a strong risk factor for adverse kidney outcomes. We sought to investigate associations of proteinuria with serum metabolites identified using untargeted profiling in populations with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Using stored serum samples from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK; n=962) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study (n=620), two rigorously conducted clinical trials with per-protocol measures of 24-hour proteinuria and GFR, we evaluated cross-sectional associations between urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and 637 known, nondrug metabolites, adjusting for key clinical covariables. Metabolites significantly associated with proteinuria were tested for associations with CKD progression. RESULTS In the AASK and the MDRD study, respectively, the median urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 80 (interquartile range [IQR], 28-359) and 188 (IQR, 54-894) mg/g, mean age was 56 and 52 years, 39% and 38% were women, 100% and 7% were black, and median measured GFR was 48 (IQR, 35-57) and 28 (IQR, 18-39) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Linear regression identified 66 serum metabolites associated with proteinuria in one or both studies after Bonferroni correction (P<7.8×10-5), 58 of which were statistically significant in a meta-analysis (P<7.8×10-4). The metabolites with the lowest P values (P<10-27) were 4-hydroxychlorthalonil and 1,5-anhydroglucitol; all six quantified metabolites in the phosphatidylethanolamine pathway were also significant. Of the 58 metabolites associated with proteinuria, four were associated with ESKD in both the AASK and the MDRD study. CONCLUSIONS We identified 58 serum metabolites with cross-sectional associations with proteinuria, some of which were also associated with CKD progression. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_02_07_CJASNPodcast_19_03_.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Luo
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Division of General Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Division of General Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Division of General Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Harold I Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics and
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- Division of Kidney Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne M Evans
- Research and Development, Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina; and
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lesley A Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morgan Erika Grams
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
- Division of General Internal Medicine, and
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kaya I, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hanrieder J. Shedding Light on the Molecular Pathology of Amyloid Plaques in Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice Using Multimodal MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1802-1817. [PMID: 29648443 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile plaques formed by aggregated amyloid β peptides are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which have been suggested to be the primary influence triggering the AD pathogenesis and the rest of the disease process. However, neurotoxic Aβ aggregation and progression are associated with a wide range of enigmatic biochemical, biophysical and genetic processes. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a label-free method to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of intact molecules in biological tissue sections. In this communication, we utilized multimodal MALDI-IMS analysis on 18 month old transgenic AD mice (tgArcSwe) brain tissue sections to enhance molecular information correlated to individual amyloid aggregates on the very same tissue section. Dual polarity MALDI-IMS analysis of lipids on the same pixel points revealed high throughput lipid molecular information including sphingolipids, phospholipids, and lysophospholipids which can be correlated to the ion images of individual amyloid β peptide isoforms at high spatial resolutions (10 μm). Further, multivariate image analysis was applied in order to probe the multimodal MALDI-IMS data in an unbiased way which verified the correlative accumulations of lipid species with dual polarity and Aβ peptides. This was followed by the lipid fragmentation obtained directly on plaque aggregates at higher laser pulse energies which provided tandem MS information useful for structural elucidation of several lipid species. Majority of the amyloid plaque-associated alterations of lipid species are for the first time reported here. The significance of this technique is that it allows correlating the biological discussion of all detected plaque-associated molecules to the very same individual amyloid plaques which can give novel insights into the molecular pathology of even a single amyloid plaque microenvironment in a specific brain region. Therefore, this allowed us to interpret the possible roles of lipids and amyloid peptides in amyloid plaque-associated pathological events such as focal demyelination, autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction, astrogliosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Messias MCF, Mecatti GC, Priolli DG, de Oliveira Carvalho P. Plasmalogen lipids: functional mechanism and their involvement in gastrointestinal cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2018. [PMID: 29514688 PMCID: PMC5842581 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmalogens are a class of glycerophospholipids which contain a vinyl-ether and an ester bond at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively, in the glycerol backbone. They constitute 10 mol% of the total mass of phospholipids in humans, mainly as membrane structure components. Plasmalogens are important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains and cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Although the clinical significance of plasmalogens is linked to peroxisomal disorders, the pathophysiological roles and their possible metabolic pathways are not fully understood since they present unique structural attributes for the different tissue types. Studies suggest that changes in plasmalogen metabolism may contribute to the development of various types of cancer. Here, we review the molecular characteristics of plasmalogens in order to significantly increase our understanding of the plasmalogen molecule and its involvement in gastrointestinal cancers as well as other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Cristina Fernandes Messias
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, USF, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Colozza Mecatti
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, USF, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Denise Gonçalves Priolli
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, USF, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, USF, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.
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Grimm MOW, Michaelson DM, Hartmann T. Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2083-2101. [PMID: 28528321 PMCID: PMC5665674 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has become obvious that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked to changes in lipids or lipid metabolism. One of the main pathological hallmarks of AD is amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Aβ is derived from sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Interestingly, both, the APP and all APP secretases are transmembrane proteins that cleave APP close to and in the lipid bilayer. Moreover, apoE4 has been identified as the most prevalent genetic risk factor for AD. ApoE is the main lipoprotein in the brain, which has an abundant role in the transport of lipids and brain lipid metabolism. Several lipidomic approaches revealed changes in the lipid levels of cerebrospinal fluid or in post mortem AD brains. Here, we review the impact of apoE and lipids in AD, focusing on the major brain lipid classes, sphingomyelin, plasmalogens, gangliosides, sulfatides, DHA, and EPA, as well as on lipid signaling molecules, like ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As nutritional approaches showed limited beneficial effects in clinical studies, the opportunities of combining different supplements in multi-nutritional approaches are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, and Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Daniel M Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, and Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Kunkle BW, Vardarajan BN, Naj AC, Whitehead PL, Rolati S, Slifer S, Carney RM, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Gilbert JR, Wang LS, Farrer LA, Reitz C, Haines JL, Beecham GW, Martin ER, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux RP, Pericak-Vance MA. Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease and Candidate Risk Genes Involved in Endolysosomal Transport. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:1113-1122. [PMID: 28738127 PMCID: PMC5691589 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 lead to early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) but account for only approximately 11% of EOAD overall, leaving most of the genetic risk for the most severe form of Alzheimer disease unexplained. This extreme phenotype likely harbors highly penetrant risk variants, making it primed for discovery of novel risk genes and pathways for AD. Objective To search for rare variants contributing to the risk for EOAD. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 51 non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients with EOAD (age at onset <65 years) and 19 Caribbean Hispanic families previously screened as negative for established APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 causal variants. Participants were recruited from John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Case Western Reserve University, and Columbia University. Rare, deleterious, nonsynonymous, or loss-of-function variants were filtered to identify variants in known and suspected AD genes, variants in multiple unrelated NHW patients, variants present in 19 Hispanic EOAD WES families, and genes with variants in multiple unrelated NHW patients. These variants/genes were tested for association in an independent cohort of 1524 patients with EOAD, 7046 patients with late-onset AD (LOAD), and 7001 cognitively intact controls (age at examination, >65 years) from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium. The study was conducted from January 21, 2013, to October 13, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Alzheimer disease diagnosed according to standard National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Association between Alzheimer disease and genetic variants and genes was measured using logistic regression and sequence kernel association test-optimal gene tests, respectively. Results Of the 1524 NHW patients with EOAD, 765 (50.2%) were women and mean (SD) age was 60.0 (4.9) years; of the 7046 NHW patients with LOAD, 4171 (59.2%) were women and mean (SD) age was 77.4 (8.6) years; and of the 7001 NHW controls, 4215 (60.2%) were women and mean (SD) age was 77.4 (8.6) years. The gene PSD2, for which multiple unrelated NHW cases had rare missense variants, was significantly associated with EOAD (P = 2.05 × 10-6; Bonferroni-corrected P value [BP] = 1.3 × 10-3) and LOAD (P = 6.22 × 10-6; BP = 4.1 × 10-3). A missense variant in TCIRG1, present in a NHW patient and segregating in 3 cases of a Hispanic family, was more frequent in EOAD cases (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% CI, 0.99-4.55; P = .06; BP = 0.413), and significantly associated with LOAD (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.37-3.62; P = 7.2 × 10-4; BP = 5.0 × 10-3). A missense variant in the LOAD risk gene RIN3 showed suggestive evidence of association with EOAD after Bonferroni correction (OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.26-16.48; P = .02, BP = 0.091). In addition, a missense variant in RUFY1 identified in 2 NHW EOAD cases showed suggestive evidence of an association with EOAD as well (OR, 18.63; 95% CI, 1.62-213.45; P = .003; BP = 0.129). Conclusions and Relevance The genes PSD2, TCIRG1, RIN3, and RUFY1 all may be involved in endolysosomal transport-a process known to be important to development of AD. Furthermore, this study identified shared risk genes between EOAD and LOAD similar to previously reported genes, such as SORL1, PSEN2, and TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Adam C. Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Patrice L. Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sophie Rolati
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Regina M. Carney
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - John R. Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gary W. Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Richard P. Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Oral Administration of Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipid Containing a High Level of Plasmalogen Improves Memory Impairment in Amyloid β-Infused Rats. Lipids 2017; 52:575-585. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Grimm MOW, Mett J, Grimm HS, Hartmann T. APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:63. [PMID: 28344547 PMCID: PMC5344993 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular neuritic plaques, composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, are one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. One of the most prominent risk factor for sporadic AD, carrying one or two aberrant copies of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 alleles, closely links AD to lipids. Further, several lipid classes and fatty acids have been reported to be changed in the brain of AD-affected individuals. Interestingly, the observed lipid changes in the brain seem not only to be a consequence of the disease but also modulate Aβ generation. In line with these observations, protective lipids being able to decrease Aβ generation and also potential negative lipids in respect to AD were identified. Mechanistically, Aβ peptides are generated by sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. The α-secretase appears to compete with β-secretase for the initial cleavage of APP, preventing Aβ production. All APP-cleaving secretases as well as APP are transmembrane proteins, further illustrating the impact of lipids on Aβ generation. Beside the pathological impact of Aβ, accumulating evidence suggests that Aβ and the APP intracellular domain (AICD) play an important role in regulating lipid homeostasis, either by direct effects or by affecting gene expression or protein stability of enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of different lipid classes. This review summarizes the current literature addressing the complex bidirectional link between lipids and AD and APP processing including lipid alterations found in AD post mortem brains, lipids that alter APP processing and the physiological functions of Aβ and AICD in the regulation of several lipid metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
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Efficacy and Blood Plasmalogen Changes by Oral Administration of Plasmalogen in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:199-205. [PMID: 28259590 PMCID: PMC5360580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmalogens (Pls) reportedly decreased in postmortem brain and in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently we showed that intraperitoneal administration of Pls improved cognitive function in experimental animals. In the present trial, we tested the efficacy of oral administration of scallop-derived purified Pls with respect to cognitive function and blood Pls changes in patients with mild AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods The study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 24 weeks. Participants were 328 patients aged 60 to 85 years who had 20 to 27 points in Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J) score and five or less points in Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version-Japanese (GDS-S-J). They were randomized to receive either 1 mg/day of Pls purified from scallop or placebo. The patients and study physicians were masked to the assignment. The primary outcome was MMSE-J. The secondary outcomes included Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), GDS-S-J and concentration of phosphatidyl ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsPE) in erythrocyte membrane and plasma. This trial is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network, number UMIN000014945. Findings Of 328 patients enrolled, 276 patients completed the trial (140 in the treatment group and 136 in the placebo group). In an intention-to-treat analysis including both mild AD (20 ≤ MMSE-J ≤ 23) and MCI (24 ≤ MMSE-J ≤ 27), no significant difference was shown between the treatment and placebo groups in the primary and secondary outcomes, with no severe adverse events in either group. In mild AD patients, WMS-R improved significantly in the treatment group, and the between group difference was nearly significant (P = 0.067). In a subgroup analysis of mild AD patients, WMS-R significantly improved among females and those aged below 77 years in the treatment group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant in females (P = 0.017) and in those aged below 77 years (P = 0.029). Patients with mild AD showed a significantly greater decrease in plasma PlsPE in the placebo group than in the treatment group. Interpretation Oral administration of scallop-derived purified Pls may improve cognitive functions of mild AD. Funding The Japanese Plasmalogen Society. Plasmalogens (Pls), a kind of phospholipid, are reduced in the brain and blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Scallop-derived purified Pls were orally administered to patients with mild AD and mild cognitive impairment by RCT. Oral administration of scallop-derived purified Pls may improve cognitive functions of mild AD.
It is well known that Plasmalogens (Pls), a special class of glycerophospholipid, are decreased in the brain and blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and inhibit γ-secretase activity. Our recent studies showed that intraperitoneal administration of purified Pls improved cognitive function in the animal model of AD. We tested the efficacy of Pls for Alzheimer’s disease by a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and showed that oral administration of scallop-derived purified Pls may improve cognitive functions of patients with mild AD.
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28
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Yamashita S, Kanno S, Honjo A, Otoki Y, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Analysis of Plasmalogen Species in Foodstuffs. Lipids 2016; 51:199-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- ; Department of Food Science; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro 080-8555 Japan
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Susumu Kanno
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Ayako Honjo
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- ; Department of Food Science; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro 080-8555 Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
- ; Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- ; Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
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29
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Yamashita S, Kiko T, Fujiwara H, Hashimoto M, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Furukawa K, Arai H, Miyazawa T. Alterations in the Levels of Amyloid-β, Phospholipid Hydroperoxide, and Plasmalogen in the Blood of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Interactions between Amyloid-β and These Lipids. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 50:527-37. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kiko
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Yamashita S, Kanno S, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Extrinsic plasmalogens suppress neuronal apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells: importance of plasmalogen molecular species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00632e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogen, especially those having 22:6, suppressed neuronal apoptosisviadeath receptor and mitochondrial pathways. These mechanisms of action of plasmalogen may be responsible for regulation of membrane functions and second messenger production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Food Science
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
- Obihiro
- Japan
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Susumu Kanno
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Food Science
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
- Obihiro
- Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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