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Yaginuma S, Omi J, Kano K, Aoki J. Lysophospholipids and their producing enzymes: Their pathological roles and potential as pathological biomarkers. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108415. [PMID: 37061204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that lysophospholipids (LPL) serve as lipid mediators that exert their diverse pathophysiological functions via G protein-coupled receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Unlike S1P, which is produced intracellularly and secreted from various cell types, some LPLs, such as LPA, LysoPS and LPI, are produced in lesions, especially under pathological conditions, where they positively or negatively regulate disease progression through their autacoid-like actions. Although these LPLs are minor components of the cell membrane, recent developments in mass spectrometry techniques have made it possible to detect and quantify them in a variety of biological fluids, including plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The synthetic enzymes of LPA and LysoPS are also present in these biological fluids, which also can be detected by antibody-based methods. Importantly, their levels have been found to dramatically increase during various pathological conditions. Thus, LPLs and their synthetic enzymes in these biological fluids are potential biomarkers. This review discusses the potential of these LPLs and LPL-related molecules as pathological biomarkers, including methods and problems in their measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yaginuma
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Omi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Takagi Y, Nishikado S, Omi J, Aoki J. The Many Roles of Lysophospholipid Mediators and Japanese Contributions to This Field. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1008-1021. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Takagi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shun Nishikado
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jumpei Omi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Okasato R, Kano K, Kise R, Inoue A, Fukuhara S, Aoki J. An ATX-LPA 6-Gα 13-ROCK axis shapes and maintains caudal vein plexus in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:103254. [PMID: 34755093 PMCID: PMC8564058 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potential regulator of vascular formation derived from blood. In this study, we utilized zebrafish as a model organism to monitor the blood vessel formation in detail. Zebrafish mutant of ATX, an LPA-producing enzyme, had a defect in the caudal vein plexus (CVP). Pharmacological inhibition of ATX resulted in a fusion of the delicate vessels in the CVP to form large sac-like vessels. Mutant embryos of LPA6 receptor and downstream Gα13 showed the same phenotype. Administration of OMPT, a stable LPA-analog, induced rapid CVP constriction, which was attenuated significantly in the LPA6 mutant. We also found that blood flow-induced CVP formation was dependent on ATX. The present study demonstrated that the ATX-LPA6 axis acts cooperatively with blood flow and contributes to the formation and maintenance of the CVP by generating contractive force in endothelial cells. Blocking an ATX-LPA6-Gα13-ROCK axis causes malformation of the caudal vein plexus The axis also contributes to maintaining the fine structure of the caudal vein plexus Activation of LPA6 induces vasoconstriction Caudal vein plexus formation evoked by blood flow is dependent on an ATX-LPA6 axis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Okasato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Espino-Saldaña AE, Rodríguez-Ortiz R, Pereida-Jaramillo E, Martínez-Torres A. Modeling Neuronal Diseases in Zebrafish in the Era of CRISPR. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:136-152. [PMID: 31573887 PMCID: PMC7324878 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191001145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danio rerio is a powerful experimental model for studies in genetics and development. Recently, CRISPR technology has been applied in this species to mimic various human diseases, including those affecting the nervous system. Zebrafish offer multiple experimental advantages: external embryogenesis, rapid development, transparent embryos, short life cycle, and basic neurobiological processes shared with humans. This animal model, together with the CRISPR system, emerging imaging technologies, and novel behavioral approaches, lay the basis for a prominent future in neuropathology and will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of brain function and its disorders. OBJECTIVE Gather relevant findings from studies that have used CRISPR technologies in zebrafish to explore basic neuronal function and model human diseases. METHODS We systematically reviewed the most recent literature about CRISPR technology applications for understanding brain function and neurological disorders in D. rerio. We highlighted the key role of CRISPR in driving forward our understanding of particular topics in neuroscience. RESULTS We show specific advances in neurobiology when the CRISPR system has been applied in zebrafish and describe how CRISPR is accelerating our understanding of brain organization. CONCLUSION Today, CRISPR is the preferred method to modify genomes of practically any living organism. Despite the rapid development of CRISPR technologies to generate disease models in zebrafish, more efforts are needed to efficiently combine different disciplines to find the etiology and treatments for many brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Edith Espino-Saldaña
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz
- CONACYT - Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Elizabeth Pereida-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
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