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Catalano A, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Marra M, Conforti F, Lupi FR, Gabriele D, Borges F, Sinicropi MS. Aloe vera-An Extensive Review Focused on Recent Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2155. [PMID: 38998660 PMCID: PMC11241682 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Aloe vera L. (AV) has attracted scientific interest because of its multiple cosmetic and medicinal properties, attributable to compounds present in leaves and other parts of the plant. The collected literature data show that AV and its products have a beneficial influence on human health, both by topical and oral use, as juice or an extract. Several scientific studies demonstrated the numerous biological activities of AV, including, for instance, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal. Moreover, its important antidepressant activity in relation to several diseases, including skin disorders (psoriasis, acne, and so on) and prediabetes, is a growing field of research. This comprehensive review intends to present the most significant and recent studies regarding the plethora of AV's biological activities and an in-depth analysis exploring the component/s responsible for them. Moreover, its morphology and chemical composition are described, along with some studies regarding the single components of AV available in commerce. Finally, valorization studies and a discussion about the metabolism and toxicological aspects of this "Wonder Plant" are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca R Lupi
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabriele
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Regli IB, Oberhammer R, Zafren K, Brugger H, Strapazzon G. Frostbite treatment: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:96. [PMID: 38072923 PMCID: PMC10712146 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to perform a systematic review of the outcomes of various frostbite treatments to determine which treatments are effective. We also planned to perform meta-analyses of the outcomes of individual treatments for which suitable data were available. MAIN BODY We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Trials, and EMBase to identify primary references from January 1, 1900, to June 18, 2022. After eliminating duplicates, we screened abstracts to identify eligible studies containing information on treatment and outcomes of Grade 2 to 4 frostbite. We performed meta-analyses of groups of articles that provided sufficient data. We registered our review in the prospective registry of systematic reviews PROSPERO (Nr. 293,693). We identified 4,835 potentially relevant studies. We excluded 4,610 studies after abstract screening. We evaluated the full text of the remaining 225 studies, excluding 154. Ultimately, we included 71 articles with 978 cases of frostbite originating from 1 randomized controlled trial, 20 cohort studies and 51 case reports. We found wide variations in classifications of treatments and outcomes. The two meta-analyses we performed both found that patients treated with thrombolytics within 24 h had better outcomes than patients treated with other modalities. The one randomized controlled trial found that the prostacyclin analog iloprost was beneficial in severe frostbite if administered within 48 h. CONCLUSIONS Iloprost and thrombolysis may be beneficial for treating frostbite. The effectiveness of other commonly used treatments has not been validated. More prospective data from clinical trials or an international registry may help to inform optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B Regli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, BZ, Italy.
- Dr. Regli's Alpine Medical Services and Research, Unterägeri, ZG, Switzerland.
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Bürgerspital, Solothurn, SO, Switzerland.
| | - Rosmarie Oberhammer
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital of Brunico, Brunico, BZ, Italy
| | - Ken Zafren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, BZ, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, BZ, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Gauthier J, Morris-Janzen D, Poole A. Iloprost for the treatment of frostbite: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2189552. [PMID: 36966492 PMCID: PMC10044161 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2189552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a scoping review to identify the extent of the literature describing the use of iloprost in the treatment of frostbite. Iloprost is a stable synthetic analog of prostaglandin I2. As a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and vasodilator, it has been used to address the post-rewarming reperfusion injury in frostbite. The search using iloprost and frostbite as key words and MeSH terms yielded 200 articles. We included in our review the literature examining iloprost for the treatment of frostbite in humans in the form of primary research, conference proceedings and abstracts. Twenty studies published from 1994 to 2022 were selected for analysis. The majority were retrospective case series consisting of a homogeneous population of mountain sport enthusiasts. A total of 254 patients and over 1000 frostbitten digits were included among the 20 studies. The larger case series demonstrated a decrease in amputation rates relative to untreated patients. Primary gaps in the literature include a paucity of randomised trials and relatively limited study populations to date. While the case evidence is promising, a multi-centre collaboration would be crucial to adequately power prospective randomised studies to definitively determine if iloprost has a role in the treatment of frostbite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josianne Gauthier
- Whitehorse General Hospital, Yukon Hospital Corporation, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Dunavan Morris-Janzen
- Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Poole
- Whitehorse General Hospital, Yukon Hospital Corporation, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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