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Hoddle MS, Antony B, El-Shafie HAF, Chamorro ML, Milosavljević I, Löhr B, Faleiro JR. Taxonomy, Biology, Symbionts, Omics, and Management of Rhynchophorus Palm Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae). ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:455-479. [PMID: 38270987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-013023-121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp., are destructive pests of native, ornamental, and agricultural palm species. Of the 10 recognized species, two of the most injurious species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhynchophorus palmarum, both of which have spread beyond their native range, are the best studied. Due to its greater global spread and damage to edible date industries in the Middle East, R. ferrugineus has received more research interest. Integrated pest management programs utilize traps baited with aggregation pheromone, removal of infested palms, and insecticides. However, weevil control is costly, development of resistance to insecticides is problematic, and program efficacy can be impaired because early detection of infestations is difficult. The genome of R. ferrugineus has been sequenced, and omics research is providing insight into pheromone communication and changes in volatile and metabolism profiles of weevil-infested palms. We outline how such developments could lead to new control strategies and early detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
| | - Binu Antony
- Chair of Date Palm Research, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamadttu A F El-Shafie
- Sustainable Date Palm Pest Management Research Program, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Hofuf-Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Ivan Milosavljević
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
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Burks CS, Hengst FS, Wilson H, Wenger JA. Diel Periodicity in Males of the Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as Revealed by Automated Camera Traps. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 36256385 PMCID: PMC9578441 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is a key pest of walnuts, pistachio, and almonds in California. Pheromone mating disruption using timed aerosol dispensers is an increasingly common management technique. Dispenser efficiency may be increased by timing releases with the active mating period of navel orangeworm. Past work found that the peak time of sexual activity for navel orangeworm females is 2 h before sunrise when temperatures are above 18°C. Inference of male responsiveness from data collected in that study was limited by the necessity of using laboratory-reared females as a source of sex pheromone emission to attract males and the inherent limitations of human observers for nocturnal events. Here we used camera traps baited with artificial pheromone to observe male navel orangeworm mating response in the field over two field seasons. Male response to synthetic pheromone exhibited diel patterns broadly similar to females, i.e., they were active for a brief period of 2-3 h before dawn under summer conditions and began responding to pheromone earlier and over a longer period of time during spring and fall. But contrary to the previous findings with females, some males were captured at all hours of the day and night, and there was no evidence of short-term change of pheromone responsiveness in response to temperature. Environmental effects on the response of navel orangeworm males to an artificial pheromone source differ in important ways from the environmental effects on female release of sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Burks
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Foster S Hengst
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, 2415 East San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Houston Wilson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Dalbon VA, Acevedo JPM, Ribeiro Junior KAL, Ribeiro TFL, da Silva JM, Fonseca HG, Santana AEG, Porcelli F. Perspectives for Synergic Blends of Attractive Sources in South American Palm Weevil Mass Trapping: Waiting for the Red Palm Weevil Brazil Invasion. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090828. [PMID: 34564268 PMCID: PMC8466344 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coupling several natural and synthetic lures with aggregation pheromones from the palm weevils Rhynchophorus palmarum and R. ferrugineus reveals a synergy that results in an increase in pest captures. The combined attraction of pure pheromones, ethyl acetate, and decaying sweet and starchy plant tissue increases the net total of mass-trapped weevils. The 2018 entrance of the red palm weevil (RPW) into South America has threatened palm-product income in Brazil and other neighboring countries. The presence of the new A1 quarantine pest necessitates the review of all available options for a sustainable mass-trapping, monitoring, and control strategy to ultimately target both weevils with the same device. The effective lure-blend set for the mass-trapping system will attract weevils in baiting and contaminating stations for entomopathogenic fungi that the same weevils will spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Araujo Dalbon
- Natural Resources Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LPqRN, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (K.A.L.R.J.); (T.F.L.R.); (H.G.F.); (A.E.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Pablo Molina Acevedo
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research Agrosavia C. I. Turipana—AGROSAVIA, Km. 13, Vía Montería-Cereté 230558, Córdoba, Colombia;
| | - Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Junior
- Natural Resources Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LPqRN, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (K.A.L.R.J.); (T.F.L.R.); (H.G.F.); (A.E.G.S.)
| | - Thyago Fernando Lisboa Ribeiro
- Natural Resources Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LPqRN, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (K.A.L.R.J.); (T.F.L.R.); (H.G.F.); (A.E.G.S.)
| | - Joao Manoel da Silva
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LM, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil;
| | - Henrique Goulart Fonseca
- Natural Resources Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LPqRN, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (K.A.L.R.J.); (T.F.L.R.); (H.G.F.); (A.E.G.S.)
| | - Antônio Euzébio Goulart Santana
- Natural Resources Research Laboratory, Center for Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Renorbio (LPqRN, CECA, Renorbio-UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (K.A.L.R.J.); (T.F.L.R.); (H.G.F.); (A.E.G.S.)
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Fuentes S, Tongson E, Unnithan RR, Gonzalez Viejo C. Early Detection of Aphid Infestation and Insect-Plant Interaction Assessment in Wheat Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose (E-Nose), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Modeling. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175948. [PMID: 34502839 PMCID: PMC8434653 DOI: 10.3390/s21175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in early insect detection have been reported using digital technologies through camera systems, sensor networks, and remote sensing coupled with machine learning (ML) modeling. However, up to date, there is no cost-effective system to monitor insect presence accurately and insect-plant interactions. This paper presents results on the implementation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and a low-cost electronic nose (e-nose) coupled with machine learning. Several artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on classification to detect the level of infestation and regression to predict insect numbers for both e-nose and NIR inputs, and plant physiological response based on e-nose to predict photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). Results showed high accuracy for classification models ranging within 96.5-99.3% for NIR and between 94.2-99.2% using e-nose data as inputs. For regression models, high correlation coefficients were obtained for physiological parameters (gs, E and A) using e-nose data from all samples as inputs (R = 0.86) and R = 0.94 considering only control plants (no insect presence). Finally, R = 0.97 for NIR and R = 0.99 for e-nose data as inputs were obtained to predict number of insects. Performances for all models developed showed no signs of overfitting. In this paper, a field-based system using unmanned aerial vehicles with the e-nose as payload was proposed and described for deployment of ML models to aid growers in pest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigfredo Fuentes
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eden Tongson
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
| | - Ranjith R. Unnithan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
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Hoddle MS, Hoddle CD, Milosavljević I. Quantification of the Life Time Flight Capabilities of the South American Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020126. [PMID: 33535626 PMCID: PMC7912847 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The South American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum, is an invasive pest that has killed thousands of ornamental palms in San Diego County in California, USA. Emerging management plans for this pest need to consider the flight capabilities of this insect, which are not well understood. To address this shortcoming, flight mills, a type of computerized insect “merry-go round” that measures how far weevils can fly in the laboratory, were used to quantify the flight distances of 101 weevils that were flown repeatedly over the course of their lifetimes. The results indicate that weevils are strong flyers capable of flying numerous times before dying of natural causes. Over their lifetimes, weevils, on average, covered distances that cumulatively totaled >220 km. One female weevil flew an impressive cumulative distance of approximately 806 km over the course of nine consecutive flights before dying. Abstract The life time flight capabilities of an invasive palm pest, Rhynchophorus palmarum, were assessed using flight mill assays under controlled conditions in the laboratory. A total of 101 weevils were used for experiments and subjected to repeat flight assays. A total of 17 flight trials were run, of which the first 14 provided useful data prior to weevil death. Male and female weevils exhibited a strong capacity for repeat long distance flights. Flight metrics of interest were not affected by weevil sex or mating status. Cumulative lifetime flight distances for male and female R. palmarum averaged ~268 km and ~220 km, respectively. A maximum lifetime cumulative flight distance of ~758 km and ~806 km was recorded for one male of unknown mating status and one unmated female weevil, respectively. Dispersal data for individual flights (i.e., trials 1 through 9, 10–14 combined) and all flight trial data (i.e., flights 1–14 combined) exhibited platykurtic distributions. The results presented here may have important implications for modeling the spread of this invasive pest and for the development of monitoring and management plans.
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